Left atrial appendage occluder detachment treated with transthoracic ultrasound combined with digital subtraction angiography guided catcher:A case report

BACKGROUND There are very few cases of cardiac occluder detachment,and it is rare to completely remove the occluder using interventional methods without undergoing thoracotomy surgery after detachment.This case innovatively used ultrasound guidance combined with digital subtraction angiography(DSA)to completely remove the occluder,accumulating some experience.CASE SUMMARY The patient underwent left atrial appendage occlusion surgery in our hospital due to atrial fibrillation.After the surgery,the occluder fell off and became free in the left ventricle,which is very dangerous.We innovatively used ultrasound guidance,combined with DSA,and interventional surgery to successfully capture the free occluder using a catcher,completely remove it,and then re implant a new left atrial appendage occluder.After the surgery,the patient recovered very well.CONCLUSION The size selection of the occluder is slightly conservative,and the shape of the left atrial appendage opening is irregular.

Digital subtraction angiography for the analysis of supraaortic vessels: What is its role nowadays?

For about 50 years, angiography represented the only imaging method for studying carotid arteries in order to detect the presence of pathological stenosis due to atherosclerotic plaque. Recently, thanks to the use of non-invasive methods, physicians are able to study and quantify the presence of carotid atherosclerosis in vivo These procedures have enabled the introduction of new concepts: (1) the degree of carotid stenosis is approxi- mate to the volume and extension of carotid plaque; and (2) a set of parameters, easily identifiable by com- puted tomography angiography, magnetic resonance angiogram and ultra-sound echo-color Doppler, are closely linked to the development of ischemic symptoms and can significantly increase the risk of stroke regard- less of the degree of stenosis. In light of these findings vulnerable plaques should be identified early, and the role of Digital Subtraction Angiography which is a purely technical luminal technique should be determined.

Detection of hypervascular hepatocellular carcinoma: Comparison of multi-detector CT with digital subtraction angiography and Lipiodol CT

AIM: The purpose of this study was to compare the diagnostic accuracy of biphasic multi-detector row helical computed tomography (MDCT), digital subtraction angiography (DSA)and Lipiodol computed tomography (CT) in detection of hypervascular hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).METHODS: Twenty-eight patients with nodular HCC underwent biphasic MDCT examination: hepatic arterial phase (HAP) 25 s and portal venous phase (PVP) 70 s after injection of the contrast medium (1.5 mL/kg). They also underwent hepatic angiography and intra-arterial infusion of iodized oil. Lipiodol CT was performed 3-4 wk after infusion. MDCT images were compared with DSA and Lipiodol CT images for detection of hepatic nodules.RESULTS: The three imaging techniques had the same sensitivity in detecting nodules ＞20 mm in diameter. There was no significant difference in the sensitivity among HAP-MDCT, Lipiodol CT and DSA for nodules of 10-20 mm in diameter. For the nodules ＜10 mm in diameter, HAP-MDCT identified 47, Lipiodol CT detected 27 (X2= 11.3, P= 0.005＜0.01, HAP-MDCT vs Lipiodol CT) and DSA detected 16(X2= 9.09, P= 0.005＜0.01 vs Lipiodol CT and X2= 29.03,P = 0.005＜0.01 vs HAP-MDCT). However, six nodules ＜10 mm in diameter were detected only by Lipiodol CT.CONCLUSION: MDCT and Lipiodol CT are two complementary modalities. At present, MDCT does not obviate the need for DSA and subsequent Lipiodol CT as a preoperative examination for HCC.

Modified magnetic resonance angiography of the liver using sensitivity encoding in comparison with digital subtraction angiography and CT arterial portography

BACKGROUND: Over 355 patients have received ortho- topic liver transplantation ( OLT) at this hospital since 1993. Preoperative imaging studies of both hepatic vessels and parenchyma in these recipients bettered surgical plan- ning or even precluded the necessity of surgery. Here we report our preliminary results of modified magnetic reso- nance angiography ( MRA ) using sensitivity encoding ( SENSE) through comparative study with conventional digital subtraction angiography (DSA) and CT arterial por- tography (CTAP). METHODS: Sixteen patients with suspected liver diseases were included in the study. All of them received both dy- namic MRI of the liver using SENSE and digital DSA with CTAP within a two-week interval. The four-phase MRA was reconstructed from source images of the coronal dy- namic study. The arterial phase of the modified MRA was compared with DSA in the evaluation of hepatic arteries and the portal phase compared with CT portography recon- structed from source images of CTAP. In dynamic study of the liver, a fixed dose (20 ml) of contrast medium and scan timing were used. RESULTS: The main branches and variations of the hepatic arterial system were well shown on the modified MRA, al- though the marginal branches of hepatic arteries were of poor quality. The figures of portal veins on MRA were as clear as or superior to those of CTAP. In addition, the su- prarenal inferior vena cava (IVC) was well demonstrated on MRA and/or non contrast-enhanced coronal balanced fast-field echo (b-FFE) scan sequence in most cases. MRI detected most parenchymal lesions of the liver and hemo- dynamics of these lesions could be evaluated on source ima- ges of the modified MRA. MRI/MRA also serendipitously revealed several extrahepatic disease entities or variations that were not found on DSA/CTAP. CONCLUSIONS: The modified MRA using SENSE is a cost-effective modality of examination for the demonstra- tion of the whole hepatic vascular system. Combined with MRI, it has the potential as a one-stop imaging modality in the preoperative evaluation in fields such as OLT.

Interventional digital subtraction angiography for small bowel gastrointestinal stromal tumors with bleeding

AIM:To retrospectively evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of interventional digital subtraction angiography(DSA)for bleeding small bowel gastrointestinal stromal tumors(GISTs).METHODS:Between January 2006 and December2013,small bowel tumors in 25 consecutive patients undergoing emergency interventional DSA were histopathologically confirmed as GIST after surgical resection.The medical records of these patients and the effects of interventional DSA and the presentation and management of the condition were retrospectively reviewed.RESULTS:Of the 25 patients with an age range from34-to 70-year-old(mean:54±12 years),8 were male and 17 were female.Obscure gastrointestinal bleeding,including tarry or bloody stool and intermittent melena,was observed in all cases,and one case also involved hematemesis.Nineteen patients required acute blood transfusion.There were a total of 28 small bowel tumors detected by DSA.Among these,20 were located in the jejunum and 8 were located in the ileum.The DSA characteristics of the GISTs included a hypervascular mass of well-defined,homogeneous enhancement and early developed draining veins.One case involved a complication of intussusception of the small intestine that was discovered during surgery.No pseudoaneurysms,arteriovenous malformations or fistulae,or arterial rupture were observed.The completely excised size was approximately 1.20 to 5.50 cm(mean:3.05±1.25 cm)in maximum diameter based on measurements after the resection.There were ulcerations(n=8),erosions(n=10),hyperemia and edema(n=10)on the intra-luminal side of the tumors.Eight tumors in patients with a large amount of blood loss were treated with transcatheter arterial embolization with gelfoam particles during interventional DSA.CONCLUSION:Emergency interventional DSA is a useful imaging option for locating and diagnosing small bowel GISTs in patients with bleeding,and is an effective treatment modality.

Carbon dioxide digital subtraction angiography manifestations of hepa-tocellular carcinoma

Objective: To investigate the imaging features and clinical significance of carbon dioxide digital subtraction angiography (CO2-DSA) in the diagnosis and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods: Both CO2-DSA and conventional DSA were performed in all 47 patients with HCC, and the angio-graphic manifestations of CO2-DSA were compared with those of conventional DSA in the same patients. Results: Peripheral arterial and capillary imaging by CO2-DSA was inferior to that by conventional DSA, although blood pools were well visualized with CO2. Improved visualization of arterioportal shunting (APS) was obtained with CO2-DSA compared with that by conventional angiography. APS was observed in 33 cases by CO2-DSA and in 12 cases by conventional angiography (P<0. 001). Retrograde visualization of the portal vein (PV) trunk and its large branches was demonstrated in 16 cases by CO2-DSA and in 1 case by conventional DSA (P<0. 001). The manifestation of lipiodol retention in the tumors was consistent

Head dual energy-computed tomography angiography versus neuro-digital subtraction angiography

Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry provides two modes of head computed tomography （CT） angiography scanning： neuro-digital subtraction angiography and dual-energy CT angiography （DE-CTA）. Previous studies have compared image quality, radiation exposure, and bone removal between neuro-digital subtraction angiography and DE-CTA. However, the number of cases was relatively small. The present study examined 300 suspected cases of cerebrovascular disease and observed the methods and duration of post-processing, examination time, and data volume. Results demonstrated similar image quality between the two methods, but lower radiation doses and shorter examination time in DE-CTA. DE-CTA allowed for faster and more stable scanning performance and post-processing methods, facilitating accurate and direct diagnosis of cerebrovascular disease.

Value of digital subtraction angiography in endovascular graft exclusion for abdominal aortic aneurysms

Objective: To evaluate the value of digital subtraction angiography (DSA) in management of endovascular graft exclusion (EVGE) for abdominal aortic aneurysms. Methods: Monitored by DSA and fluoroscopy, stent-graft complex were introduced into the aneurysm sac via femoral arteries and were deployed at the proximal and distal necks to exclude the sac from circulation. Results: The success rate of deployment was 94. 74% (36/38). Endoleaks occurred in 4 cases. One converted to open surgery because of sac rupture 4 days after deployment. Thrombosis and stenosis occurred in 2 cases. Three patients died shortly after the operation (< 3 months). Conclusion: DSA can monitor EVCE on real-time throughout the whole procedure. It can meet the needs of measurement, location, evaluating, detecting, and also can be much helpful in correcting complications. Moreover, it provides large visual field and operating space, and is a very important monitoring method for EVGE.

Duodenal ulcer caused by coil wiggle after digital subtraction angiography-guided embolization: A case report

BACKGROUND Acute gastrointestinal bleeding(GIB)is a life-threatening medical emergency with high morbidity and mortality.Transcatheter embolization with endovascular coils under digital subtraction angiography guidance is a common and effective method for the treatment of GIB with high technical success rates.Duodenal ulcers caused by coils wiggled from the branch of the gastroduodenal artery,which is a rare complication,have not previously been reported in a patient with right intrathoracic stomach.CASE SUMMARY A 62-year-old man had undergone thoracoscopy-assisted radical resection of esophageal cancer and gastroesophageal anastomosis 3 years ago,resulting in right intrathoracic stomach.He was admitted to the hospital 15 mo ago for dizziness and suffered acute GIB during his stay.Interventional surgery was urgently performed to embolize the branch of the gastroduodenal artery with endovascular coils.After 15 mo,the patient was re-admitted with a chief complaint of melena for 2 d,esophagogastroduodenoscopy and abdominal computed tomography revealed that some endovascular coils had migrated into the duodenal bulb,leading to a deep ulcer.Bleeding was controlled after conservative treatment.Seven months later,duodenal balloon dilatation was performed to relieve the stenosis after the removal of a few coils,and the patient was safely discharged with only one coil retained in the duodenum due to difficulties in complete removal and risk of bleeding.Mild melena recurred once during the long-term follow-up.CONCLUSION Although rare,coil wiggle after interventional therapy requires careful attention,effective precautionary measures,and more secure alternative treatment methods.

Observation on 108 Normal Ophthalmic Arteries in 80 Patients by Digital Subtraction Angiography

By digital subtraction angiography(DSA), the authors made observations on 108 normal ophthalmic arteries in 80 patients with regard to the origins, courses, branching, morphology and anastomoses of the vessels. The merits and demerits of DSA in observing the ophthalmic artery were discussed. Eye Science 1994; 10: 157- 162.

3D-DSA与Dyna-CT在颅内支架置入术中的临床应用研究

目的探讨三维DSA血管成像(3D-DSA)及数字平板造影机的C臂旋转并断层重建技术(DynaCT)在颅内支架置入术患者中的临床应用。方法选择2019年1月-2020年6月厦门大学附属中山医院收治92例颅内动脉狭窄患者,所有患者均行颅内支架置入术治疗,分为对照组(n=38例)和观察组(n=54例)。对照组采用3D-DSA引导,观察组采用DynaCT引导,术后进行12个月门诊随访,比较两组改良Rankin量表(mRS)评分、手术成功率、并发症、支架再狭窄及斑块检出率。结果观察组术后4个月、8个月及12个月mRS评分、支架成形术耗时低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组Dyna-CT的术前规划、观察到支架表面图像与术中所见吻合,手术成功率为83.33%,高于对照组63.16%(P<0.05);两组围术期并发症发生率无统计意义(P>0.05);观察组手术后进行12个月门诊随访,患者支架再狭窄、血管狭窄部位斑块检出率低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论DynaCT用于颅内支架置入术中能改善患者症状,缩短支架成形术耗时,有助于提高手术成功率,未增加并发症发生率,能降低血管狭窄部位斑块检出率,值得推广应用。

DSA机引导下经皮胃造瘘术治疗吞咽困难患者

回顾性分析莆田学院附属医院2018年5月—2022年5月利用数字减影血管造影(DSA)机引导行经皮胃造瘘术治疗41例吞咽困难患者的情况,统计分析手术成功率、并发症发生率及术前3 d、术后30 d、术后90 d患者的白蛋白(ALB)、总蛋白(TP)、前白蛋白(PA)、体重等指标,探讨DSA机引导下经皮胃造瘘术(Introducer法)治疗吞咽困难患者的安全性和有效性。结果表明,对41例患者实施DSA机引导下经皮胃造瘘术(Introducer法)均获得成功;3例患者出现并发症,并发症发生率为7.32%;术前3 d与术后30 d比较,患者的ALB、TP、PA、体重差异显著(P<0.05);术后30 d与术后90 d比较,各指标差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。说明DSA机引导下经皮胃造瘘术(Introducer法)成功率高,并发症发生率低,可以提高吞咽困难患者术后的营养指标,有较高的临床应用价值。

CTA与DSA评估慢性肢体威胁性缺血患者全球肢体解剖学分期系统分期的一致性分析

目的分析CTA与DSA在评估慢性肢体威胁性缺血(CLTI)患者全球肢体解剖学分期系统(GLASS)分期中的一致性。方法 回顾性分析2017年1月至2020年12月西安交通大学第一附属医院收治的CLTI患者临床资料。以DSA评估结果为金标准,分析CTA与DSA评估GLASS分期的一致性。结果 CTA评估GLASS评分与DSA具很强的一致性,其中两者评估股腘动脉段评分的加权Kappa系数为0.798(95%CI=0.722~0.873,P<0.01),评估膝下动脉段评分的加权Kappa系数为0.785(95%CI=0.725~0.845,P<0.01),评估GLASS整体评分的加权Kappa系数为0.832(95%CI=0.752~0.911,P<0.01),均显示出很强的一致性。结论 下肢动脉CTA检查可准确评估CLTI患者靶病变GLASS评分和分期,有助于下肢动脉硬化闭塞症诊断及血运重建技术难度评估。

超声与DSA引导阻滞治疗神经根型颈椎病的临床比较

目的探讨超声与数字减影血管造影技术(digital subtraction angiography,DSA)引导阻滞治疗神经根型颈椎病(cervical spondylotic radiculopathy,CSR)的临床疗效。方法选择该院2020年2月~2022年2月收治的88例CSR患者为研究对象,均采用颈椎脊神经根阻滞治疗,根据不同穿刺引导方式分为两组:46例采用超声引导,设为超声组;42例采用DSA引导,设为DSA组。比较两组患者一次穿刺成功率、穿刺时间、手术时间,记录术后不良反应发生情况,比较术前、术后当天、术后1个月时的疼痛视觉模拟评分(visual analog scale,VAS)、颈椎功能障碍指数(neck disability index,NDI)。结果超声组一次穿刺成功率高于对照组,穿刺时间、手术时间短于对照组(P<0.05);超声组不良反应总发生率显著低于对照组(P<0.05);两组术后当天、术后1个月的VAS、NDI均显著低于术前(P<0.05),但组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论超声与DSA引导阻滞治疗CSR均能获得良好的近期疗效,但相较于DSA引导,超声引导穿刺效率更高、相关不良反应发生率更低。

CCTA与DSA在诊断冠状动脉斑块的临床应用价值

目的:探讨冠状动脉CT血管造影(CCTA)与数字减影血管造影(DSA)在诊断冠状动脉斑块中的应用价值。方法:回顾性选取2020年1月—2023年5月本院诊断为冠心病的患者64例,均行CCTA和DSA检查,以DSA为金标准,分析比较CCTA和DSA对冠状动脉斑块检出率及性质和狭窄程度的诊断价值。结果:64例患者经DSA检出冠状动脉斑块58例(90.63%),其中轻度狭窄21例,中度狭窄23例,重度狭窄14例,无法有效判断动脉斑块性质。经CCTA检出冠状动脉斑块55例(85.94%),其中轻度狭窄19例,中度狭窄22例,重度狭窄14例,12例非钙化斑块、13例混合斑块和30例钙化斑块。以DSA为金标准,CCTA诊断冠状动脉斑块的灵敏度为94.83%、特异度为83.33%、准确度为93.75%、阳性预测值为98.21%、阴性预测值为62.50%、Kappa系数值为0.680。CCTA和DSA在冠状动脉狭窄程度的检出率比较上均无差异(P>0.05)。轻度狭窄者钙化斑块发生率高于中度和重度狭窄者,非钙化、混合斑块发生率低于中度和重度者(P<0.05)。结论:CCTA与DSA在诊断冠状动脉斑块及其狭窄程度上具有高度一致性,但CCTA较DSA对斑块性质的诊断价值更高。

胰十二指肠切除术后迟发性出血行DSA介入栓塞治疗的临床效果

目的 探讨胰十二指肠切除术(PD)后患者迟发性出血行数字减影血管造影(DSA)介入栓塞治疗的疗效和临床意义。方法 回顾性分析湖北省中西医结合医院2016年1月至2023年1月31例因PD术后迟发性出血行DSA介入栓塞治疗的临床资料,评估介入治疗的临床效果。结果 本研究PD术后迟发性出血发生率为6.37%(31/487),31例迟发性出血患者中首次DSA阳性22例(71%),14例伴有假性动脉瘤形成。出血部位包括胃十二指肠动脉9例,肝总动脉7例,肠系膜上动脉分支6例,肝固有动脉5例,脾动脉起始3例,胃左动脉1例。行微弹簧圈栓塞12例,微弹簧圈加明胶海绵栓塞8例,覆膜支架9例,明胶海绵栓塞2例。29例(94%)行DSA介入治疗达到彻底止血效果;2例再发出血,行手术止血处理。结论 DSA及栓塞止血创伤小,可精准发现PD术后出血血管,及时进行栓塞,止血效果安全有效,可作为PD术后迟发性出血首选治疗方法。

Manifestations of hepatic cavernous hemangioma in carbon dioxidedigi-tal subtraction angiography

Objective: To describe the characteristic appearance of cavernous hemangioma of the liver (CHL) presented in carbon dioxide digital subtraction angiography (CO2-DSA) and to evaluate the significance of CO2-DSA in the diagnosis of CHL. Methods: Both CO2-DSA and iodinated contrast DSA (IC-DSA) were performed in all 16 patients with CHL, and the angiographic manifestations in the same patients were compared. The image quality was rated by three experienced angiographers, and the complications were also assessed. Results: There was good correlation between angiographers on image quality (R = 0. 73). Diagnostic images were obtained with both CO2-DSA and IC-DSA in all CHL patients. No difference was noted between IC-DSA and CO2-DSA in visualizing the proper hepatic arteries and its branches (P>0. 05). CO2-DSA produced better images that clearly described the tumor size, shape and margination than those by IC-DSA (P< 0. 05), but both demonstrated characteristic appearances of early opacification and

CYP2C19基因多态性结合DSA造影检查对急性脑梗死患者血管内介入治疗疗效及预后的评估

目的 探讨CYP2C19基因多态性结合数字减影血管造影技术(DSA)造影检查对急性脑梗死患者血管内介入治疗疗效及预后的评估。方法 选取保定市第一中心医院2019年6月—2021年6月收治急性脑梗死患者60例为研究对象,将采取血管内介入治疗的患者分为观察组(n=30),将仅采取单纯静脉溶栓治疗的患者分为对照组(n=30),比较两组CYP2C19基因多态性和DSA造影结果及其与血管再通率、美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NHISS)、Fugl-Meyer评测法(FMA)、功能独立性评定(FIM)及并发症发生率相关性,同时分析CYP2C19基因多态性联合DSA造影检测对评价血管内介入治疗急性脑梗死的灵敏度,特异性及准确性。结果观察组共检测330支血管,发现完全闭塞血管8支,狭窄率70%~99%血管30支,狭窄率50%~69%血管15支,狭窄率<50%血管27支;对照组共检测330支血管,发现完全闭塞血管18支,狭窄率70%~99%血管52支,狭窄率50%~69%血管33支,狭窄率<50%血管46支;观察组各项指标均低于对照组(P<0.05);两组CYP2C19基因分型比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);与对照组相比,观察组血管再通率较高,NHISS评分较低,FMA及FIM评分较高,并发症发生率较低(P<0.05);经pearson检验分析,CYP2C19基因多态性,DSA造影结果与血管再通率,NIHSS,FMA,FIM,并发症发生率呈显著正相关且CYP2C19基因多态性联合DSA造影检测对急性脑梗死患者血管内介入治疗疗效及预后评估有重要意义。结论 CYP2C19基因多态性结合DSA造影检查敏感度及特异度较高,可用于对急性脑梗死患者血管内介入治疗疗效及预后的评估。

大螺距,低电压双源CT下肢动脉成像与DSA的对照研究

目的评价低电压,大螺距双源CT下肢动脉成像诊断准确性。方法60例怀疑下肢动脉病变患者分为两组:A组,30例患者,扫描方案为大螺距(3.0),80kVp,迭代重建。B组螺距(1.0),120kVp,滤过反投影法重建。比较两组CT血管成像辐射剂量及图像质量。对照数字血管造影(DSA)评价A组的诊断准确性。结果两组CT图像质量评分无统计学意义(P>0.05)。与DSA对照,A组CTA对下肢动脉狭窄度的诊断敏感性、特异性、准确性、阳性预测值(PPV)及阴性预测值(NPV)分别为98.0%,97.4%,97.6%,95.0%,99.0%,对照DSA检查无统计学差异(P>0.05)。两组CTA剂量长度乘积存在统计学差异(A组:152.36±14.31 mGy×cm,B组:804.64±87.21 mGy×cm,P<0.001)。结论80千伏,大螺距双源CT下肢动脉成像有较高的诊断准确率,同时大幅降低辐射剂量。

MRA在识别颅内小动脉瘤形状上的应用价值:与DSA对比

目的 探讨磁共振血管成像(MRA)识别小尺寸未破裂颅内动脉瘤形状的应用价值。方法 回顾性分析由MRA发现并经DSA证实的38例未破裂颅内小动脉瘤(<7 mm)。将所有动脉瘤分为两组(≤3mm及3.1mm-6.9mm),使用MRA分析动脉瘤的形状,数字减影血管造影(DSA)检查结果作为动脉瘤形状的参考标准,评估MRA的敏感性、特异性和准确性。结果 MRA评估≤3mm组动脉瘤的敏感性41.6%、特异性57.1%、阴性预测值36.4%、阳性预测值62.5%、准确性47.4%,评估3.1mm-6.9mm组动脉瘤的敏感性81.8%、特异性91.7%、阴性预测值84.6%、阳性预测值90.0%、准确性87.0%。结论 MRA评估≤3mm颅内小动脉瘤形状的价值较低,而对3.1mm-6.9mm动脉瘤的应用价值较高。