Experimental Study on the Influence of Cognition and Emotion on Moral Judgment of College Students in Dilemma Situation

Objective:To study the influence of cognition and emotion on moral judgment of college students under the circumstance of whether the cognitive resources are occupied and whether the emotion is induced.Methods:This experiment uses a multi-factor mixed experiment method to divide experiments and groups.Experiment 1 uses a two-factor mixed experimental design of 2(cognitive resource occupancy group,cognitive resource non-occupied group)×3(difficult situation type).Experiment 2 uses a two-factor mixed experimental design of 2(emotion induction group,emotion induction and cognitive resource occupation group)×3(three types of dilemma situation types)is adopted.The dependent variable of this experiment(including Experiment 1 and Experiment 2)is the judgment response time and the judgment result is“Yes”(F)or“No”(J).Results:(1)The reaction time of the cognitive resource occupancy group was significantly higher than that of the cognitive resource non-occupied group,and the cognitive resource occupancy group in the three types of dilemma situations of high personal involvement,low personal involvement,and non-personal participation.There is no significant difference between the results of moral judgments and the cognitive resource non-occupied group.(2)In the three dilemmas of high personal involvement,low personal involvement,and non-personal participation,the emotion-induced group and the emotion-induced and cognitive resource occupation group have no significant differences in reaction time and moral judgment results.(3)In the three dilemmas of high personal involvement,low personal involvement,and non-personal participation,the reaction time difference between the cognitive resource occupation group and the emotionally induced and cognitive resource occupation is not significant,while in the dilemma of low personal involvement,the number of people in the cognitive resource occupation group whose moral judgment is“Yes”was significantly higher than that in the emotionally induced and cognitive resource occupation group.(4)In the three dilemmas of high personal involvement,low personal involvement,and non-personal participation,the reaction time of the emotionally induced group was significantly higher than that of the cognitive resource non-occupied group,and the moral judgment results of the two groups were both found no significant difference.Conclusion:When the occupation of cognitive resources and the induction of emotions will significantly affect the response of individual moral judgments,different types of dilemmas will significantly affect the results of individual moral judgments.

表两难选择的“A也不是,B也不是”构式分析

在现代汉语中,表两难选择的构式“A也不是,B也不是”的使用频率较高,常用于摹写人物情态或心理状态,表示“不知道该如何选择,怎么做都不合适”。它体现出较强的主观性,具有夸张的语用表达效果。语料显示,A、B音节数量相等的用例要多于A、B音节数量不相等的用例;A、B的词性具有一致性,大多为动词或动词性短语。这种词性分布状况与动词的情境性、人类的信息感知方式密切相关。A、B的语义关系可分为互补关系和相对关系,该构式还可以根据表义的需要进行语项的并置与扩展。除此之外,还存在与之相似的其他构式,它们的构式化程度比“A也不是,B也不是”要低。

汉语零称谓语的情景化原则

称谓语选择体现了语言与社会文化的互动以及语用行为规则,历来受到语用学和社会语言学等研究领域的重视。国内外语言学家从不同视角提出了汉语称谓语使用的规范原则,如"称谓准则"和"适切称谓/不称谓原则"等。当代中国社会结构转型导致了现代汉语日常交际中出现了称谓缺位现象,产生了"零称谓"这一特殊的社会称谓语类型,对传统的称谓理论提出挑战。本研究观察了商场、车站和校园三个场所共900个陌生人交际的会话情景,收集了289例零称谓语料,并结合访谈的方法进行质性和量化分析,结果表明:(1)零称谓语有三种常见的类型:人称代词零称谓语、礼貌补偿零称谓语和无修饰零称谓语;(2)尽管存在教育程度和主观意愿等其他影响因素,零称谓语的使用在很大程度上受到会话发生的情景语境的制约。基于上述结果,本文提出当代汉语零称谓语使用的"情景化原则"。