Field-effect transistors based on two-dimensional materials for logic applications

Field-effect transistors （FETs） for logic applications, graphene and MoS2, are discussed. These materials have based on two representative two-dimensional （2D） materials, drastically different properties and require different consider- ations. The unique band structure of graphene necessitates engineering of the Dirac point, including the opening of the bandgap, the doping and the interface, before the graphene can be used in logic applications. On the other hand, MoS2 is a semiconductor, and its electron transport depends heavily on the surface properties, the number of layers, and the carrier density. Finally, we discuss the prospects for the future developments in 2D material transistors.

Three-dimension micro magnetic detector based on GMI effect

The giant magneto-impedance（GMI）effect of amorphous wire was analyzed theoretically.The amorphous wire had strong GMI effect in the stimulation of sharp pulse of 680kHz and18 mV.A pulse generator was designed to provide high frequency pulse to a magnetic impedance（MI）element.The induced voltage on the pickup coil wound on the amorphous wire was sampled and held with a detect circuit using analog switch.A stable magnetic sensor was constructed.A three-dimension micro magnetic field detector was designed with a central controller MSP430F449.High stability and sensitivity were obtained in the MI sensor with the detect circuit.Experiment results showed that the resolution of the detector was 1nT in the full scale of±2 Oe and the detector worked stably from the room temperature to about 80℃.A small ferromagnetic target was detected by the three-dimension detector in laboratory environment without magnetic shielding.The target moving direction was ascertained with the wave shape of axis parallel in that direction.

Thermal effect on endurance performance of 3-dimensional RRAM crossbar array

Three-dimensional（3D） crossbar array architecture is one of the leading candidates for future ultra-high density nonvolatile memory applications. To realize the technological potential, understanding the reliability mechanisms of the3 D RRAM array has become a field of intense research. In this work, the endurance performance of the 3D 1D1 R crossbar array under the thermal effect is investigated in terms of numerical simulation. It is revealed that the endurance performance of the 3D 1D1 R array would be seriously deteriorated under thermal effects as the feature size scales down to a relatively small value. A possible method to alleviate the thermal effects is provided and verified by numerical simulation.

Surface Quantum-Dimensional Photocarrier Recombination in CdTe Microcrystals

The scope of the study is the spectra of low-temperature (T = 2K) photoluminescence of a p-CdTe/n-CdS film heterostructure comprising a monolayer of CdTe microcrystals, where a single microcrystalline particle is typically one micron in size. Focus is made on the dominant band of “super-hot” emission appearing in the spectral region located in energy above the fundamental absorption edge of a CdTe bulk crystal. A theoretical model has been developed that assumes the existence of a space-charge layer inside a microcrystal, which leads to the formation of a triangular potential well for an electron near the surface. The anomalous emission band arises as a result of the optical transitions of electrons from near-surface levels of spatial quantization to valence band states.

Three-dimensional Monte Carlo simulation of bulk fin field effect transistor

In this paper, we investigate the performance of the bulk fin field effect transistor （FinFET） through a three- dimensional （3D） full band Monte Carlo simulator with quantum correction. Several scattering mechanisms, such as the acoustic and optical phonon scattering, the ionized impurity scattering, the impact ionization scattering and the surface roughness scattering are considered in our simulator. The effects of the substrate bias and the surface roughness scattering near the Si/SiO2 interface on the performance of bulk FinFET are mainly discussed in our work. Our results show that the on-current of bulk FinFET is sensitive to the surface roughness and that we can reduce the substrate leakage current by modulating the substrate bias voltage.

齐大山铁矿东帮边坡空间形态优化

针对齐大山铁矿东帮边坡空间形态优化问题,在分析边坡工程地质条件的基础上,将极限平衡法与数值模拟法相结合,评价原设计到界边坡稳定性,优化设计到界边坡的形态参数,探讨追踪距离对边坡三维稳定性的影响规律。研究结果表明:采用逐水平优化方法设计的到界边坡角为46°,每阶段的边坡二维稳定性系数均满足安全储备系数要求;边坡的三维稳定性系数与追踪距离呈负相关指数函数关系,当追踪距离为50 m时,齐大山铁矿东帮到界边坡角可设计为48°,整体边坡角提高了2°,经济效益显著。

竖向紊流积分尺度影响下的流线型箱梁断面抖振升力空间分布特性及理论建模

为研究竖向紊流积分尺度对于流线型箱梁抖振升力空间分布特性的影响,开展了刚性节段模型测压试验。该文选用竖向紊流积分尺度相差较大的三类流场,用于研究无量纲尺度Lw/B(竖向紊流积分尺度与桥梁宽度之比)对抖振升力空间分布特性的影响规律,提出考虑紊流三维效应影响的流线型箱梁断面三维抖振升力广义模型。结果表明:Lw/B为影响流线型箱梁断面抖振升力空间分布特性的关键控制参数,桥梁紊流三维效应随着Lw/B的降低而显著提高。同时,因风嘴、斜腹板等气动措施显著降低了流线型箱梁断面迎风侧气流的流动分离,使得不同竖向紊流积分尺度下其抖振升力二维气动导纳基本保持不变,表明由竖向紊流积分尺度对该型桥梁抖振升力荷载的高频畸变影响可以忽略,可为流线型箱梁断面结构气动外形优化提供参考。

基于InSe/MoTe_(2)异质结构的超灵敏宽光谱光电探测器

基于光栅效应的二维材料垂直结构可实现高灵敏度和宽光谱光探测器。本文报告了一种基于硒化铟(InSe)/二碲化钼(MoTe_(2))垂直异质结构的高灵敏度光电探测器,该探测器在365~965 nm波长范围内具有出色的宽光谱探测能力。顶层的InSe用作调节沟道电流的光栅层,MoTe_(2)则用作传输层。通过结合两种材料的优势,该光电探测器的响应时间为21.6 ms,比探测率在365 nm光照下可以达到1.05×10^(13)Jones,在965 nm光照下也可达到109 Jones数量级。外量子效率可达1.03×10^(5)%,显示出强大的光电转换能力。

金刚石二维电导和场效应管研究新进展

金刚石表面沟道场效应管以氢终端金刚石表面的二维空穴气2DHG(Two-Dimensional Hole Gas)作为沟道实现输入电压对输出电流的控制,是目前金刚石电子器件的主流结构.该2DHG面电导具有可大范围调控的面电荷密度和较高空穴饱和漂移速度.本文回顾了金刚石场效应管器件在直流、频率和功率特性的研究进展,揭示了低迁移率是制约金刚石低功耗高速数字电路、高频器件和高功率微波器件发展的主要因素.从理论和实验总结了金刚石表面电导出现的类调制掺杂的新掺杂机理,尤其实现了室温下2DHG霍尔迁移率提升到680 cm^(2)/Vs,材料方阻从10 kΩ/sq数量级降低到1.4 kΩ/sq电导性能的突破.相信这将会引起金刚石场效应管性能极大提升和器件的快速发展.

三维能量多普勒超声预测宫颈癌化疗效果的临床价值

目的探讨三维能量多普勒超声(3D-PDU)预测宫颈癌化疗效果的临床应用价值。方法选取在我院接受新辅助化疗治疗的宫颈癌患者160例,根据化疗效果分为有效组103例和无效组57例,比较两组3D-PDU血流参数[血管形成-血流指数(VFI)、血流指数(FI)及血管形成指数(VI)]的差异。采用多因素Logistic回归分析筛选预测宫颈癌患者化疗效果的独立危险因素,并建立宫颈癌患者化疗效果风险预测模型;采用Hosmer-Lemeshow检验评估模型的拟合度;绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析模型的预测效能。结果化疗后,两组VFI、FI及VI均较化疗前下降,且有效组上述参数均低于无效组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,化疗后VFI、FI及VI均为预测宫颈癌患者化疗效果的独立危险因素(OR=2.826、4.637、3.216,均P<0.05),建立宫颈癌患者化疗效果风险预测模型为:Logit(P)=1/[1+e^((-4.609+1.039×化疗后VFI+1.534×化疗后FI+1.168×化疗后VI))]。Hosmer-Lemeshow检验显示模型的拟合度较好(χ^(2)=4.635,P=0.781);ROC曲线分析显示模型预测宫颈癌患者化疗效果的曲线下面积为0.882(P<0.05)。结论应用3D-PDU可以较好地预测宫颈癌化疗效果,具有一定的临床应用价值。

圆形利兹线绕组高频损耗三维快速计算模型

绕组损耗作为高频变压器总体损耗的重要组成,是影响磁性元件体积、效率和温升的关键参数。利兹线复杂的三维绞合结构,可以有效降低高频集肤效应与邻近效应引起的附加绕组损耗,广泛应用于高频变压器。然而,利兹线绕组内部的涡流分布极为复杂,现有解析计算方法需要对模型进行较多简化和近似处理,难以精确表征利兹线绕组高频涡流效应。数值计算方法需要对利兹线进行精细化建模,造成计算资源的严重耗费。因此,如何准确、快速计算利兹线绕组损耗对高频磁性元件的优化设计具有重要意义。该文通过分析利兹线绕组损耗机理,并基于解析法与有限元数值法,建立一种同时考虑绕组端部效应及圆形利兹线绞合结构的绕组损耗三维快速计算模型。最后,针对两种不同利兹线绕组的变压器模型,从计算精度和计算成本的角度分别进行详细的实验研究与对比分析。结果表明,所提模型实现了宽频范围内圆形利兹线绕组损耗的精确、高效计算。

Hall Effects on Unsteady MHD Three Dimensional Flow through a Porous Medium in a Rotating Parallel Plate Channel with Effect of Inclined Magnetic Field

In this paper, we make an initial value investigation of the unsteady flow of incompressible viscous fluid between two rigid non-conducting rotating parallel plates bounded by a porous medium under the influence of a uniform magnetic field of strength H0 inclined at an angle of inclination α with normal to the boundaries taking hall current into account. The perturbations are created by a constant pressure gradient along the plates in addition to the non-torsional oscillations of the upper plate while the lower plate is at rest. The flow in the porous medium is governed by the Brinkman’s equations. The exact solution of the velocity in the porous medium consists of steady state and transient state. The time required for the transient state to decay is evaluated in detail and the ultimate quasi-steady state solution has been derived analytically. Its behaviour is computationally discussed with reference to the various governing parameters. The shear stresses on the boundaries are also obtained analytically and their behaviour is computationally discussed.

含挖填界面边坡三维稳定性上限分析

针对工程实践中挖填交界面与边坡坡面走向线斜交的高边坡空间三维稳定分析问题,基于极限分析上限定理,构建拓展的三维牛角状破坏机构,通过引入机构参数挖填界面倾角α突出边坡特性,建立与之对应的功能平衡方程,采用序列二次规划优化算法求解强度折减后的边坡安全系数上限解。在此基础上,计算了宁夏黄土丘陵地区妙岭750kV变电站高边坡以及相关文献中极限状态下边坡稳定性系数γH/c工程案例,并将计算结果与有限元极限分析软件模拟值进行对比分析。结果表明:随着挖填界面倾角α的增大,边坡安全系数Fs上限解和模拟值均减小,两种方法的计算结果相对误差在5.9%以内,且拓展的破坏机构与数值模拟的剪切耗散变形模式基本一致;在极限状态下,拓展机构的上限解和数值模拟结果都十分接近于1.0,二者相对误差未超过8.3%。研究工作为此类高边坡空间稳定分析问题提供了一种简便实用的计算方法。

三维土工网边坡防护水土保持能力研究

路基边坡防护工程可减轻降雨对坡面土体的侵蚀作用,为深入研究坡面防护材料水土保持能力的定量表征方法,通过室内人工降雨边坡侵蚀模型试验,分析不同降雨强度和不同三维土工网防护下路基边坡的降雨侵蚀规律,提出三维土工网水土保持能力的试验测定方法及相关系数计算公式。研究结果表明:三维土工网防护边坡泥沙流失干质量明显小于相同条件下不设防边坡泥沙流失干质量,土工网防护在减少边坡侵蚀量的同时,有利于边坡侵蚀进程的快速稳定,但土工网的水土保持能力随雨强增大急剧下降。泥沙流失速度随着降雨的持续而逐渐减小,后期趋于收敛稳定,侵蚀历程采用指数函数拟合具有较好的相关性。建议设防边坡的试验降雨时间不少于70 min,不设防的边坡试验降雨时间不小于100 min。水土保持能力系数随雨强的增大呈对数函数关系减小,雨强超过100 mm/h时水土保持能力系数实测值与对数函数拟合值差异较大,建议在测定材料水土保持能力系数时雨强取20~100 mm/h,可取50 mm/h作为标准试验雨强。泡面类三维土工网水土保持能力显著优于普通三维土工网,而双泡面的三维土工网优于单泡面三维土工网。试验条件下凹凸泡面三维土工网的水土保持能力系数主要分布在1.71~3.03,建议50 mm/h雨强三维土工网水土保持能力系数不应小于1.5。

基于模态驱动分析方法的桥梁颤振模态影响机理

通过定量描述各阶模态及其分布特性在颤振演化过程中的影响,研究了多阶模态耦合导致的桥梁颤振三维效应。首先,根据系统模态中固有模态间的激励-反馈机制推导出能够反应各阶模态参与贡献的系统阻尼和刚度解析解,建立了适用于三维颤振机理分析的模态驱动分析方法。其次,对桥梁整体系统阻尼沿着跨向进行泰勒展开,建立了跨向节段与气动性能间的定量关系,使得该方法能够量化各阶模态跨向分布特性的影响。然后,以主跨径为500~1500m的悬索桥为例,系统地研究了模态的参与及其分布特性对颤振性能的影响。最后,通过比对二维和三维分析结果,揭示了三维效应的影响及其产生原因。研究结果表明:由于基础竖弯和扭转振型不可能完全相似,三维两模态结果必然大于二维分析结果;随着风速提升二阶正对称竖弯模态先提供负向阻尼后提供正向阻尼,其对颤振性能的影响取决于自身频率与系统颤振频率的比值;约70%的梁段贡献了绝大多数的气动阻尼。

基于立方型气体状态方程的激波风洞准一维流动数值研究

采用基于立方型气体状态方程的准一维流动数值模拟方法研究了反射式高焓激波风洞的真实气体流动,重点关注了高压真实气体效应对风洞全场流动时空结构和驻室区气流参数的影响,并以理论分析揭示了高压真实气体效应对激波管内流动的作用机理。研究表明:对于以冷高压气体驱动的激波风洞,使用考虑分子体积和分子间作用力的真实气体状态方程能够更准确地描述气体的状态和风洞内的流动状况。高压真实气体效应主要在冷驱动气体中发生作用,其作用效果主要是使当地声速增大,从而使得入射稀疏波和反射稀疏波的传播速度加快;另一方面,高压气体效应在高温气体效应较显著的被驱动气体中作用微弱,且对激波管产生激波的强度和激波后的流动状态影响甚微。稀疏波的加快传播改变了激波管波系的相干时空关系。提前抵达的稀疏波可在一定情况下侵蚀激波风洞的有效试验时间。对于所测试的激波风洞构型,在150 MPa氢气驱动110 kPa氮气的工况下,高压效应导致的有效试验时间缩短约38%。适当加长驱动段长度和采用高温气体驱动均可有效减弱高压真实气体效应的影响。

(2+1)-dimensional dissipation nonlinear Schrdinger equatio for envelope Rossby solitary waves and chirp effect

In the past few decades, the （1 ＋ 1）-dimensional nonlinear Schr6dinger （NLS） equation had been derived for envelope Rossby solitary waves in a line by employing the perturbation expansion method. But, with the development of theory, we note that the （1＋1）-dimensional model cannot reflect the evolution of envelope Rossby solitary waves in a plane. In this paper, by constructing a new （2＋1）-dimensional multiscale transform, we derive the （2＋1）-dimensional dissipation nonlinear Schrodinger equation （DNLS） to describe envelope Rossby solitary waves under the influence of dissipation which propagate in a plane. Especially, the previous researches about envelope Rossby solitary waves were established in the zonal area and could not be applied directly to the spherical earth, while we adopt the plane polar coordinate and overcome the problem. By theoretical analyses, the conservation laws of （2＋ 1）-dimensional envelope Rossby solitary waves as well as their variation under the influence of dissipation are studied. Finally, the one-soliton and two-soliton solutions of the （2＋ 1）-dimensional NLS equation are obtained with the Hirota method. Based on these solutions, by virtue of the chirp concept from fiber soliton communication, the chirp effect of envelope Rossby solitary waves is discussed, and the related impact factors of the chirp effect are given.

考虑SSI的层间隔震结构在三维长周期地震下的响应研究

为进一步研究考虑SSI效应的层间隔震结构在三维长周期地震下的响应规律以及与普通地震动作用下的区别,分别输入一维、二维、三维的普通地震动与长周期地震动。针对在长周期地震动三维输入工况下支座应力远超规范值的问题,在原支座的基础上,增加竖向隔震装置,不仅减小了支座应力,同时进一步验证了三维隔震结构在长周期地震作用下的可靠性。研究发现,长周期地震动作用下,考虑SSI效应的层间隔震结构地震响应大于普通地震动输入下的响应;三维长周期地震下结构地震响应大于一维和二维输入下的响应;三维隔震结构在长周期地震作用下仍然可以有效隔离竖向地震,支座应力有效减小,地基土体应力得到优化,具有良好的隔震效果。

桩基尺寸对砂土中水平受荷桩-土作用力的影响

p-y曲线法在水平受荷桩的设计中得到了广泛应用,然而近年来在海上风机超大直径单桩基础设计中受到了学术界和工程界的质疑,当前研究表明,桩基尺寸是产生这一问题的主要原因。本文通过三维数值仿真技术,研究了砂土地基中水平受荷桩-土作用特征的演变规律,探讨了当前超大直径单桩设计方法存在的主要问题及产生的原因。计算结果显示:超大直径单桩基础因其桩径大、长径比(入土长度与直径的比)小的尺寸特征,在水平荷载作用下桩土作用具有明显的三维空间效应,即除受水平向土反力外,还受到桩端水平向的摩擦力、沿桩身不均匀摩阻力产生的抵抗力矩及桩底不均匀土反力提供的抵抗力矩;进一步研究表明,后三类抗力对桩基水平承载力的贡献占比与桩基尺寸有关,即桩基直径越大、长径比越小,这些抗力的贡献越大。因此,在水平受荷超大直径单桩承载特性计算与分析的过程中,除当前水平向p-y弹簧提供的抗力外,还应考虑桩底的水平剪力、桩身摩擦力和桩底反力不平衡产生的抵抗力矩。

谷氨酸通路基因多态性交互作用与快感缺失的关联研究

目的·探究谷氨酸通路基因-基因交互作用与快感缺失的关联。方法·纳入2017年1月-2020年8月在上海交通大学医学院附属精神卫生中心门诊及病房招募的279例精神分裂症(schizophrenia,SZ)患者、236例重型抑郁障碍(major depression disorder,MDD)患者,以及在社区招募的236例健康对照(healthy control,HC)为研究对象。收集并比较3组被试的一般人口学资料及临床特征。采用时间性愉快体验量表(Temporal Experience of Pleasure Scale,TEPS)中文版评估3组的愉快体验能力。采用广义多因子降维(generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction,GMDR)法建立谷氨酸通路基因(NOS1AP、GSK3β、DAOA、DISC1及GRIN2A)单核苷酸多态性(single nucleotide polymorphism,SNP)交互作用模型,依据该模型将SZ及MDD患者分为高风险组和低风险组,并对其愉快体验能力的差异进行组间比较,以分析基因-基因交互作用对快感缺失的影响。结果·年龄、受教育年限在3组间的差异具有统计学意义,首发年龄、病程在SZ、MDD组间的差异具有统计学意义(均P=0.000)。3组被试在总体愉快体验、期待性愉快体验及即时性愉快体验间差异均具有统计学意义(均P=0.000);SZ、MDD组患者的总体愉快体验、期待性及即时性愉快体验均低于HC组(均P_(校正)=0.000),且SZ与MDD组在期待性愉快体验上具有边缘性统计学差异(P_(校正)=0.051)。通过GMDR建模发现,由DAOA-rs3916965与DISC1-rs821577组成的2位点交互作用模型对SZ患者总体愉快体验能力具有预测作用(P=0.003),由NOS1AP-rs1858232和GRIN2A-rs1014531组成的2位点交互作用模型对MDD患者期待性愉快体验能力具有预测作用(P=0.037);且SZ高风险组患者的总体愉快体验能力、MDD高风险组患者的期待性愉快体验能力均分别低于其低风险组(t=3.443,P=0.000;t=3.471,P=0.001)。结论·谷氨酸通路基因多态性交互作用可能参与了快感缺失的发生。