Energy-Saving Distributed Flexible Job Shop Scheduling Optimization with Dual Resource Constraints Based on Integrated Q-Learning Multi-Objective Grey Wolf Optimizer

The distributed flexible job shop scheduling problem(DFJSP)has attracted great attention with the growth of the global manufacturing industry.General DFJSP research only considers machine constraints and ignores worker constraints.As one critical factor of production,effective utilization of worker resources can increase productivity.Meanwhile,energy consumption is a growing concern due to the increasingly serious environmental issues.Therefore,the distributed flexible job shop scheduling problem with dual resource constraints(DFJSP-DRC)for minimizing makespan and total energy consumption is studied in this paper.To solve the problem,we present a multi-objective mathematical model for DFJSP-DRC and propose a Q-learning-based multi-objective grey wolf optimizer(Q-MOGWO).In Q-MOGWO,high-quality initial solutions are generated by a hybrid initialization strategy,and an improved active decoding strategy is designed to obtain the scheduling schemes.To further enhance the local search capability and expand the solution space,two wolf predation strategies and three critical factory neighborhood structures based on Q-learning are proposed.These strategies and structures enable Q-MOGWO to explore the solution space more efficiently and thus find better Pareto solutions.The effectiveness of Q-MOGWO in addressing DFJSP-DRC is verified through comparison with four algorithms using 45 instances.The results reveal that Q-MOGWO outperforms comparison algorithms in terms of solution quality.

Local dimming原理及在车载中的应用

Local dimming(局部调光)是一种低成本提升车载显示器对比度和清晰度的技术。在目前OLED技术尚无法突破严苛的汽车环境要求的状况下,局部调光是一种首选的成本和性能兼顾的技术。在满足汽车环境要求的同时,大幅提升了显示器的清晰度,提高了显示内容的辨识度,同时成本的上升也在合理范围内。它能给客户带来更好的体验,使驾驶更为安全。本文对它的工作原理以及如何应用进行了阐述,给读者提供了一种思路和方法来提升车载显示器的对比度。

Energy-Saving Construction Technologies for Buildings

The development of the construction industry is shifting towards low-carbon construction,so it is necessary to improve and optimize related construction concepts,methods,and processes.By improving resource and energy control efficiency in building projects,minimizing construction waste,and reducing environmental impact,a foundation for the sustainable development of the industry can be established.This paper mainly analyzes the significance of low-carbon energy-saving construction technology and the control factors of construction,summarizes the status quo of the development of building energy-saving construction,and puts forward strategies for applying building energy-saving construction technology.These strategies serve to achieve low-carbon and energy-saving goals to promote the healthy development of energy-saving construction.

Application of Energy-Saving Materials in Architectural Design

The conventional process of building construction is associated with issues such as the waste of construction materials and environmental pollution.Sustainable development highlights the importance of energy conservation and eco-friendly practices.It is essential to use energy-efficient and green materials in building designs to ensure the healthy growth of construction companies.This article discusses the advantages and principles of incorporating energy-saving materials in architectural design.It examines the strategies and critical control points for using energy-saving materials in architectural design,offering guidance for the sustainable development of the construction industry.

儿童青少年使用DIMS镜片联合视觉训练控制近视效果研究

以5~18岁的近视儿童为研究对象,结合接受视觉训练意愿,非随机地分为多区正向光学离焦(DIMS)镜片组和DIMS镜片联合视觉训练组(联合组)观察近视控制的临床效果。对入组儿童的230只眼6个月随访的近视进展数据进行回顾性分析研究,发现所有入组儿童呈现缓慢的近视进展,平均屈光度进展量为(-0.07±0.18)D/半年,平均眼轴增长为(0.04±0.15)mm/半年;2个治疗组儿童的等效球镜度进展程度的分布没有统计学差异(X^(2)=3.200,P>0.05),眼轴进展程度的分布有统计学差异(X^(2)=10.667,P<0.05)。通过6个月的临床随访发现,近视儿童配戴DIMS镜片可以获得良好的屈光度和眼轴进展的控制效果,若同时联合进行视觉训练,对控制眼轴进展有更大帮助。

Green,Sustainable Architectural Bamboo with High Light Transmission and Excellent Electromagnetic Shielding as a Candidate for Energy-Saving Buildings

Currently,light-transmitting,energy-saving,and electromagnetic shielding materials are essential for reducing indoor energy consumption and improving the electromagnetic environment.Here,we developed a cellulose composite with excellent optical transmittance that retained the natural shape and fiber structure of bamboo.The modified whole bamboo possessed an impressive optical transmittance of approximately 60%at 6.23 mm,illuminance of 1000 luminance(lux),water absorption stability(mass change rate less than 4%),longitudinal tensile strength(46.40 MPa),and surface properties(80.2 HD).These were attributed to not only the retention of the natural circular hollow structure of the bamboo rod on the macro,but also the complete bamboo fiber skeleton template impregnated with UV resin on the micro.Moreover,a multilayered device consisting of translucent whole bamboo,transparent bamboo sheets,and electromagnetic shielding film exhibited remarkable heat insulation and heat preservation performance as well as an electromagnetic shielding performance of 46.3 dB.The impressive optical transmittance,mechanical properties,thermal performance,and electromagnetic shielding abilities combined with the renewable and sustainable nature,as well as the fast and efficient manufacturing process,make this bamboo composite material suitable for effective application in transparent,energy-saving,and electromagnetic shielding buildings.

Low-content Pt-triggered the optimized d-band center of Rh metallene for energy-saving hydrogen production coupled with hydrazine degradation

Utilizing the hydrazine-assisted water electrolysis for energy-efficient hydrogen production shows a promising application, which relies on the development and design of efficient bifunctional electrocatalysts. Herein, we reported a low-content Pt-doped Rh metallene(Pt-Rhene) for hydrazine-assisted water electrolysis towards energy-saving hydrogen(H_(2)) production, where the ultrathin metallene is constructed to provide enough favorable active sites for catalysis and improve atom utilization.Additionally, the synergistic effect between Rh and Pt can optimize the electronic structure of Rh for improving the intrinsic activity. Therefore, the required overpotential of Pt-Rhene is only 37 mV to reach a current density of-10 mA cm^(-2) in the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER), and the Pt-Rhene exhibits a required overpotential of only 11 mV to reach a current density of 10 mA cm^(-2) in the hydrazine oxidation reaction(HzOR). With the constructed HER-HzOR two-electrode system, the Pt-Rhene electrodes exhibit an extremely low voltage(0.06/0.19/0.28 V) to achieve current densities of 10/50/100 mA cm^(-2) for energy-saving H_(2) production, which greatly reduces the electrolysis energy consumption. Moreover,DFT calculations further demonstrate that the introduction of Pt modulates the electronic structure of Rh and optimizes the d-band center, thus enhancing the adsorption and desorption of reactant/intermediates in the electrocatalytic reaction.

Design of Diversified Intelligent Control System for Energy-saving Optimization of Solar Greenhouse in North China

Intelligent greenhouse can promote the development of modern agriculture, realize the high quality and high yield of crops, and also bring greater economic benefits. In accordance with the climate conditions in northwest China, a set of intelligent control system for diversified environment of solar greenhouse was designed. The system divides the annual greenhouse control into six stages according to the optimal energy saving. It uses modern detection technology to collect the greenhouse environmental temperature, environmental humidity, soil humidity, CO_(2) concentration and illumination parameters under different working modes. It uses programmable logic control technology to realize the data processing of various parameters and the action control of rolling film, wet curtain fan and other actuators. It uses KingView monitoring software to realize the monitoring and manual control of greenhouse environment parameters. The operation results indicate that the control system runs stably and basically meets the control requirements.

Behavior characteristics and market operation problems of existing building energy-saving renovation market

The long-term and effective implementation of the existing building energy efficiency renovation depends on the development of the existing building energy efficiency renovation market.The key to the development of the existing building energy efficiency renovation market is the joint role of the market players.Starting with the analysis of the externalities and information asymmetry of the existing building energy efficiency renovation market,this paper analyzes the behavioral characteristics and influencing factors of the existing building energy efficiency renovation market entities(central government,local government,owners,energy conservation service enterprises,third-party evaluation institutions,and other market entities),and reveals the problems of the existing building energy efficiency renovation market,such as the absence of government,the lack of main power,and the lack of financing channels,Thus,it lays a platform foundation for the research on the behavior strategy and security system of the existing building energy-s aving renovation market.

Multi-subject and multi-objective integrated optimization system and implementation strategy for energy-saving renovation of the existing residential buildings

The core of the healthy and orderly operation of the existing residential building energy-saving renovation market lies in the exploration of the implementation mechanism of multi-subject and multi-objective integrated optimization.The multi-agent and multi-objective integrated optimization system framework is a powerful tool to guide the scientific decision-making of the market core structural entities in the future market practice. This paper analyzes the practical dilemma of energy-saving renovation of theexisting residential buildings in China, summarizes the practical experience of multi-subject and multi-objective integrated optimization of energy-saving renovation of the existing residential buildings in foreign countries, and puts forward beneficial practical enlightenment on the basis of comparison at home and abroad;The design principles of the target integrated optimization system have established a multi-subject and multi-objective integrated optimization system framework for the energy-saving renovation of the existing residential buildings, from six aspects: government guidance, trust consensus, value co-creation, risk sharing, revenue sharing, and social responsibility sharing. This paper proposes a multi-subject and multi-objective integrated practice strategy, in order to promote the efficient and orderly development of China's existing residential building energy-saving renovation market.

Local dimming高亮节能恒流控制算法的研究与应用

介绍了local dimming(区域调光)技术对LED背光亮度及整机功率的影响,通过实验数据分析了PWM(脉冲宽度调制)调光控制方式和DC(直流)调光控制方式引起的亮度变化、功率损耗、器件温升等问题,并结合实际案例给出了具体的改善对策。通过实验及大批量的生产验证表明,提出的具有创新性的恒流动态幅值控制算法对LED背光亮度、整机能效、器件温升等都有极大改善,对local dimming恒流控制方案的设计具有重要的借鉴和参考意义。

Application Strategy of PLC Technology in Energy-Saving Control of Tunnel Lighting

In this study,we investigated on the application of planar lightwave circuit(PLC)technology in energy-saving control of tunnel lighting.The application status of PLC in the field of energy saving followed by the necessity of energy saving in tunnel lighting was analyzed.Finally,the application of PLC in tunnel lighting energy-saving control around the three dimensions of system overall architecture design,control scheme,and program control process was investigated.The results showed that the system meets the requirements of control effect,robustness,and visual effect after trial operation,and is suitable for practical applications.

A Novel Sensing Imaging Equipment Under Extremely Dim Light for Blast Furnace Burden Surface:Starlight High-Temperature Industrial Endoscope

Blast furnace(BF)burden surface contains the most abundant,intuitive and credible smelting information and acquiring high-definition and high-brightness optical images of which is essential to realize precise material charging control,optimize gas flow distribution and improve ironmaking efficiency.It has been challengeable to obtain high-quality optical burden surface images under high-temperature,high-dust,and extremelydim(less than 0.001 Lux)environment.Based on a novel endoscopic sensing detection idea,a reverse telephoto structure starlight imaging system with large field of view and large aperture is designed.Combined with a water-air dual cooling intelligent self-maintenance protection device and the imaging system,a starlight high-temperature industrial endoscope is developed to obtain clear optical burden surface images stably under the harsh environment.Based on an endoscope imaging area model,a material flow trajectory model and a gas-dust coupling distribution model,an optimal installation position and posture configuration method for the endoscope is proposed,which maximizes the effective imaging area and ensures large-area,safe and stable imaging of the device in a confined space.Industrial experiments and applications indicate that the proposed method obtains clear and reliable large-area optical burden surface images and reveals new BF conditions,providing key data support for green iron smelting.

Dim-YOLOv5n昏暗场景目标检测算法

相比于正常光照场景,照明不良昏暗场景干扰因素较多,图像处理较为复杂,且现有的昏暗目标检测,存在参数量大,识别准确率低等不足。针对昏暗场景下目标检测算法中存在误检与漏检等问题,提出以YOLOv5n算法为基础进行改进的昏暗场景目标检测算法Dim-YOLOv5n。利用嵌入全维动态卷积(omni-dimensional dynamic convolution,ODConv)的轻量化主干ODConv-MobileNetV2替换主干网络,在减少计算量的同时提高检测精度。基于RepGFPN(reparameterized generalized-FPN)方法设计更加轻量高效的LigGFPN(lightweight generalized-FPN)加强特征融合网络,以提高网络特征提取能力,并在此基础上,使用GhostConv(ghost convolution)替换传统卷积,以减少模型的参数量。实验结果表明,改进后算法与原算法相比,检测精度P和召回率R分别提高了5.3个百分点和5个百分点,平均精度均值mAP0.5:0.95和mAP0.5分别提升了8.2个百分点和4.6个百分点,改进的算法在保证模型较小的同时有效提高了检测准确率。

基于Dim env-YOLO算法的昏暗场景车辆多目标检测

低照度的夜间路况复杂,现有夜间车辆识别相关研究较少,且存在识别方法实时性不高、过多占用硬件资源等不足。针对夜间场景车辆识别干扰因素较多、检测效果不佳的问题,提出一种基于YOLOv4的Dim env-YOLO车辆目标检测算法。利用MobileNetV3网络替换原始YOLOv4中的主干网络,以减少模型参数量。在改进的YOLOv4模型上使用图像暗光增强方法,提高车辆目标在昏暗环境中的可识别性。在此基础上,引入注意力机制加强特征信息选择,同时利用深度可分离卷积降低网络计算量。选取北京部分道路的夜间场景图片自制数据集并进行实验验证,结果表明,在存在高斯噪声、模糊扰动、雨雾夜晚等情况下,Dim env-YOLO算法的测试结果较稳定,对于照度低于30 lx的昏暗条件下的车流,其检测mAP值达到90.49%,对于最常见的轿车类别,mAP值达到96%以上,优于Faster-RCNN、YOLOv3、YOLOv4等网络模型在昏暗光照条件下的检测效果。

Excavator Energy-saving Efficiency Based on Diesel Engine Cylinder Deactivation Technology

The hydraulic excavator energy-saving research mainly embodies the following three measures： to improve the performance of diesel engine and hydraulic component, to improve the hydraulic system, and to improve the power matching of diesel-hydraulic system-actuator. Although the above measures have certain energy-saving effect, but because the hydraulic excavator load changes frequently and fluctuates dramatically, so the diesel engine often works in high-speed and light load condition, and the fuel consumption is higher. Therefore, in order to improve the economy of diesel engine in light load, and reduce the fuel consumption of hydraulic excavator, energy management concept is proposed based on diesel engine cylinder deactivation technology. By comparing the universal characteristic under diesel normal and deactivated cylinder condition, the mechanism that fuel consumption can be reduced significantly by adopting cylinder deactivation technology under part of loads condition can be clarified. The simulation models for hydraulic system and diesel engine are established by using AMESim software, and fuel combustion consumption by using cylinder-deactivation-technology is studied through digital simulation approach. In this way, the zone of cylinder deactivation is specified. The testing system for the excavator with this technology is set up based on simulated results, and the results show that the diesel engine can still work at high efficiency with part of loads after adopting this technology; fuel consumption is dropped down to 11% and 13% under economic and heavy-load mode respectively under the condition of driving requirements. The research provides references to the energy-saving study of the hydraulic excavators.

Surface free energy of copper-zinc alloy for energy-saving of boiler

Cu-Zn, Cu-Zn-Sn, Cu-Zn-Ni alloys were melted by vacuum smelter. The effect factors to the surface free energy of the alloys such as chemical composition, crystal structure and surface crystal lattice distortion etc. were investigated by OCA30 automatic contact angle test instrument, metallography microscope and XRD instrument etc. Results suggests: adding alloy element to Cu may increase its surface free energy, and the more kinds of alloy elements are added, the more surface free energy increases; the alloy element Sn an increase the surface free energy of Cu-Zn alloy; Cu-Zn alloy with fir-tree crystal structure, great phase discrepancy and obvious composition aliquation has greater surface free energy; Cu-Zn alloy with compounds and serious surface crystal lattice distortion has greater surface free energy.

Parameters Optimization and Energy-Saving of Highway Tunnel Backlighting with LED

In order to acquire the most energy-saving luminairedistribution-parameters(LDPs)of highway tunnel interior zone backlighting,the parameters optimization model(POM)of backlighting for tunnel interior zone was established.Yanlieshan tunnel of Jiujing highway was taken as an example for the optimization.The optimal LDPs of the backlighting system of the tunnel interior zone were obtained by the POM,a comparison between the optimization results and those of Yanlieshan tunnel’s actual lighting system was performed,which showed that the optimized backlighting system with LED lamps installed according to the optimized LDPs could save energy remarkablely even under full capacity lighting condition.Illuminance and illuminance uniformity of the tunnel road surface still met the lighting demands even the LED lamp’s luminance decreased by 30%.A backlighting simulation experiment with the optimized backlighting LDPs for Yanlieshan tunnel was accomplished in the software Dialux.The simulation results basically agreed with the optimization calculated results from the POM which proved the correctness of the backlighting POM.

Coordination Effect-Promoted Durable Ni(OH)_(2) for Energy-Saving Hydrogen Evolution from Water/ Methanol Co-Electrocatalysis

Electrocatalytic water splitting is a viable technique for generating hydrogen but is precluded from the sluggish kinetics of oxygen evolution reactions(OER).Small molecule oxidation reactions with lower working potentials,such as methanol oxidation reactions,are good alternatives to OER with faster kinetics.However,the typically employed Ni-based electrocatalysts have poor activity and stability.Herein,a novel three-dimensional(3D)-networking Modoped Ni(OH)_(2) with ultralow Ni-Ni coordination is synthesized,which exhibits a high MOR activity of 100 mA cm^(−2) at 1.39 V,delivering 28 mV dec^(−1) for the Tafel slope.Meanwhile,hydrogen evolution with value-added formate co-generation is boosted with a current density of more than 500 mA cm^(−2) at a cell voltage of 2.00 V for 50 h,showing excellent stability in an industrial alkaline concentration(6 M KOH).Mechanistic studies based on density functional the-ory and X-ray absorption spectroscopy showed that the improved performance is mainly attributed to the ultralow Ni-Ni coordination,3D-networking structures and Mo dopants,which improve the catalytic activity,increase the active site density and strengthen the Ni(OH)_(2)3D-networking structures,respectively.This study paves a new way for designing electrocatalysts with enhanced activity and durability for industrial energy-saving hydrogen production.

Local dimming效果与分区数的关系研究

Local dimming(区域背光调控)是改善被动发光的液晶显示器性能的重要技术。采用一套自主开发的仿真算法,在充分验证其准确性后,对液晶显示器的对比度和光晕指数随分区数的变化关系进行了计算仿真与分析,最终形成背光分区数设计指引。分析结果表明:对比度随分区数的增加而增加,RTINGS棋盘格图片最大价值点(导数为1的点)为300分区,要达到足够接近最大对比度,则需要1600分区左右;背光行列分区数为8的倍数时有更好的对比度体现;光晕指数与对比度随分区数变化的趋势相似,RTINGS十字架图片最大价值点(导数为1)为500分区。