Direct carbon solid oxide fuel cells(DC-SOFCs)are promising,green,and efficient power-generating devices that are fueled by solid carbons and comprise all-solid-state structures.Developing suitable anode materials for...Direct carbon solid oxide fuel cells(DC-SOFCs)are promising,green,and efficient power-generating devices that are fueled by solid carbons and comprise all-solid-state structures.Developing suitable anode materials for DC-SOFCs is a substantial scientific challenge.Herein we investigated the use of La_(0.75)Sr_(0.25)Cr_(0.5)Mn_(0.5)O_(3)-δ−Ce_(0.8)Gd_(0.2)O_(1.9)(LSCM−GDC)composite electrodes as anodes for La_(0.9)Sr_(0.1)Ga_(0.8)Mg_(0.2)O_(3)-δelectrolyte-based DC-SOFCs,with Camellia oleifera shell char as the carbon fuel.The LSCM−GDC-anode DC-SOFC delivered a maximum power density of 221 mW/cm^(2) at 800℃ and it significantly improved to 425 mW/cm^(2) after Ni nanoparticles were introduced into the LSCM−GDC anode through wet impregnation.The microstructures of the prepared anodes were characterized,and the stability of the anode in a DC-SOFC and the influence of catalytic activity on open circuit voltage were studied.The above results indicate that LSCM–GDC anode is promising to be applied in DC-SOFCs.展开更多
Despite the long tradition of fossil carbon(coal,char,and related carbon-based materials)for fueling mankind,the science of transforming them into chemicals is still demandingly progressing in the current energy scena...Despite the long tradition of fossil carbon(coal,char,and related carbon-based materials)for fueling mankind,the science of transforming them into chemicals is still demandingly progressing in the current energy scenario,especially when considering its responsibilities to the global climate change.Traditionally,there are four routes of preparing chemicals directly from fossil carbon,including hydrogasification,gasification,direct liquefaction,and oxidation,in the macroscope of gas-solid reaction(hydrogasification and gasification)and liquid-solid reaction(direct liquefaction and oxidation).When the study goes to microscale,the gas-solid reaction can be considered as the reaction between the severe condensed radicals and gas,while the liquid-solid reaction is the direct reaction between the radical and the activated-molecule.To have a full overview of the area,this review systematically summarizes the main factors in these processes and shows our own perspectives as follows,(ⅰ)stabilizing the free radicals generated from coal and then directly converting them has the highest efficiency in coal utilization;(ⅱ)the research on the self-catalytic process of coal structure will have a profound impact on the direct preparation of chemicals from fossil carbon.Further discussions are also proposed to guide the future study of the area into a more sustainable direction.展开更多
This work describes the performance of the direct carbon fuel cell(DCFC)fuelled by ash-free coal.Employing coal in the DCFC might be problematic,mainly because of the ash deposition after the cell reactions.In the stu...This work describes the performance of the direct carbon fuel cell(DCFC)fuelled by ash-free coal.Employing coal in the DCFC might be problematic,mainly because of the ash deposition after the cell reactions.In the study,the carbonaceous ash-free component of coal is obtained,which is then evaluated as the DCFC fuel and compared with raw coal,active carbon,carbon black,and graphite.The electrolyte-supported SOFC structure is adapted to build the DCFC.The DCFC based on the ash-free coal fuel exhibits good performance with regard to the maximum power density,day-by-day measurements,and durability at continuous run.When the carbon fuels are internally gasified to H2 and CO,the power density is generally much improved,compared to N2 pyrolysis environment.The power generation is most likely related to the concentration of pyrolyzed gases as well as the electrochemical reactivity of the solid carbon.展开更多
Coal consumption leads to over 15 billion tons of global CO_(2) emissions annually,which will continue at a considerable intensity in the foreseeable future.To remove the huge amount of CO_(2),a practically feasible w...Coal consumption leads to over 15 billion tons of global CO_(2) emissions annually,which will continue at a considerable intensity in the foreseeable future.To remove the huge amount of CO_(2),a practically feasible way of direct carbon mitigation,instead of capturing that from dilute tail gases,should be developed;as intended,we developed two innovative supporting technologies,of which the status,strengths,applications,and perspective are discussed in this paper.One is supercritical water gasification-based coal/biomass utilization technology,which orderly converts chemical energy of coal and low-grade heat into hydrogen energy,and can achieve poly-generation of steam,heat,hydrogen,power,pure CO_(2),and minerals.The other one is the renewables-powered CO_(2) reduction techniques,which uses CO_(2) as the resource for carbon-based fuel production.When combining the above two technical loops,one can achieve a full resource utilization and zero CO_(2) emission,making it a practically feasible way for China and global countries to achieve carbon neutrality while creating substantial domestic benefits of economic growth,competitiveness,well-beings,and new industries.展开更多
Rural residents have unique lifestyle characteristics,energy consumption methods,energy-saving behaviors,and awareness.And the direct carbon emission from rural residents is based on the combined effect of multiple fa...Rural residents have unique lifestyle characteristics,energy consumption methods,energy-saving behaviors,and awareness.And the direct carbon emission from rural residents is based on the combined effect of multiple factors.In order to address the complexity of factors affecting the direct carbon emissions from rural household,this study used a structural equation model to examine the effect of multi-factor variables on direct carbon emissions from rural households in central China.Data were collected using questionnaires and surveys in six cities in central China to reflect the daily reality of rural residents.The results show that quality of life and awareness of energy conservation can affect the direct carbon emissions of rural residents.Family characteristics and awareness of energy conservation affected carbon emissions indirectly by affecting the daily behaviors and quality of life of the residents;consumption characteristics,energy-saving behaviors,and energy conservation policies are not the main factors contributing to the direct carbon emissions of the residents.Based on the results,future studies can focus on energy conservation education,improvement of the living habits,coal energy use efficiency,and energy consumption structure of residences.展开更多
Stable adsorption and direct electrochemistry of glucose oxidase （COx） occurred on nitric acid （HNO3）-treated multi-walled carbon nanotubcs （MWNTs） instead of as-received MWNTs, demonstrating the critical roles ...Stable adsorption and direct electrochemistry of glucose oxidase （COx） occurred on nitric acid （HNO3）-treated multi-walled carbon nanotubcs （MWNTs） instead of as-received MWNTs, demonstrating the critical roles of oxygen-containing groups in stable adsorption and direct electrochemistry of GOx on carbon nanotubcs （CNTs）.展开更多
In this paper, a direction carbonization method was used to prepare porous carbon from Allium cepa for supercapacitor applications. In this method, calcium acetate was used to assist carbonization process. Scanning el...In this paper, a direction carbonization method was used to prepare porous carbon from Allium cepa for supercapacitor applications. In this method, calcium acetate was used to assist carbonization process. Scanning electron microscope （SEM） and N2 adsorption/desorption method were used to characterize the morphology, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller （BET） specific surface area and pore size distribution of porous carbon derived from Allium cepa （onion derived porous carbon, OPC）. OPC is of hierarchical porous structure with high specific surface area and relatively high specific capacitance. OPC possesses relatively high specific surface area of 533.5 m2Jg. What＇s more, OPC possesses a specific capacitance of 133.5 Fig at scan rate of 5 mV/s.展开更多
It is reported that the direct electron transfer of hemoglobin (Hb) can be effectively promoted by carbon nanotubes when Hb was immobilized on the surface of the carbon nanotubes modified electrode. The results indica...It is reported that the direct electron transfer of hemoglobin (Hb) can be effectively promoted by carbon nanotubes when Hb was immobilized on the surface of the carbon nanotubes modified electrode. The results indicated that the conversion of Hb-Fe(Ⅲ)/Hb-Fe(Ⅱ) is a one-electron coupled one-proton reaction process. The method presented can be easily extended to study the direct electrochemistry of other proteins or enzymes.展开更多
The effect of press direction on the thermal expansion, slag resistance, etc. of periclase spinel carbon brick has been studied in this article. The results show that the thermal expansion rate in the direction para...The effect of press direction on the thermal expansion, slag resistance, etc. of periclase spinel carbon brick has been studied in this article. The results show that the thermal expansion rate in the direction parallel to the press axis is larger than that in the direction perpendicular to the press axis and the slag resistance in the direction parallel to the press axis is much better than that in the perpendicular direction. The directional distribution of graphite in the specimen is observed with the microscope.展开更多
It is reported for the first time that horseradish peroxidase (HRP) immobilized on the active carbon can undergo a direct quasi-reversible electrochemical reaction. In addition, the immobilized HRP showed the stable b...It is reported for the first time that horseradish peroxidase (HRP) immobilized on the active carbon can undergo a direct quasi-reversible electrochemical reaction. In addition, the immobilized HRP showed the stable bioelectrocatalytic activity for the reduction of H2O2.展开更多
A reversible electron transfer between horse heart cytochrome c and a bare glassy carbon electrode was found and the dependence of direct electrochemical behaviotw on the electrode surface state was discussed.
A kind of direct numerical simulation method suitable for supercritical carbon dioxide jet flow has been discussed in this paper. The form of dimensionless nonconservative compressible Navier-Stokes equations in a two...A kind of direct numerical simulation method suitable for supercritical carbon dioxide jet flow has been discussed in this paper. The form of dimensionless nonconservative compressible Navier-Stokes equations in a two-dimensional cartesian coordinate system is derived in detail. High accurate finite difference compact schemes based on non-uniform grid system are introduced to solve the equations. The simulation results of the three vortex pairing phenomenon of plane mixing layer and a compressible axisymmetric jet flow field show that the discussed numerical simulation method is feasible to calculate the supercritical carbon dioxide jet fluid. And it is found that the difficulties of splitting the convective terms in conservation Navier-Stokes equations, which are brought by the supercritical carbon dioxide fluid pressure state equation, can be avoided by solving the nonconservative compressible Navier-Stokes equations.展开更多
The direct electron transfer of hemoglobin at the PAMAM-MWNTs-AuNPs composite film modified glassy carbon electrode was studied. In a phosphate buffer solution（PBS, pH=7.0）, the formal potential（E^0） of Hb was -0....The direct electron transfer of hemoglobin at the PAMAM-MWNTs-AuNPs composite film modified glassy carbon electrode was studied. In a phosphate buffer solution（PBS, pH=7.0）, the formal potential（E^0） of Hb was -0.105 V versus SCE, the electron transfer rate constant was 4.66 s-1. E^0＇ of Hb at the modified electrode was linearly varied in a pH range of 5.0-8.0 with a slope of-49.2 mV/pH. The Hb/PAMAM-MWNTs-AuNPs/GCE gave an excellent electrocatalytic response to the reduction of hydrogen peroxide. The catalytic current increased linearly with H2O2 concentration in a range of 1.0× 10^-6 to 2.2× 10^-3 mol/L. The detection limit was 2.0× 10^-7 mol/L at a signal to noise ratio of 3. The Michaelis-Menten constant（Km^app） was 2.95 mmol/L.展开更多
基金Project(2019YFC1907405)supported by the National Key R&D Program of ChinaProject(GJJ200809)supported by the Education Department Project Fund of Jiangxi Province,ChinaProject(2020BAB214021)supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province,China。
文摘Direct carbon solid oxide fuel cells(DC-SOFCs)are promising,green,and efficient power-generating devices that are fueled by solid carbons and comprise all-solid-state structures.Developing suitable anode materials for DC-SOFCs is a substantial scientific challenge.Herein we investigated the use of La_(0.75)Sr_(0.25)Cr_(0.5)Mn_(0.5)O_(3)-δ−Ce_(0.8)Gd_(0.2)O_(1.9)(LSCM−GDC)composite electrodes as anodes for La_(0.9)Sr_(0.1)Ga_(0.8)Mg_(0.2)O_(3)-δelectrolyte-based DC-SOFCs,with Camellia oleifera shell char as the carbon fuel.The LSCM−GDC-anode DC-SOFC delivered a maximum power density of 221 mW/cm^(2) at 800℃ and it significantly improved to 425 mW/cm^(2) after Ni nanoparticles were introduced into the LSCM−GDC anode through wet impregnation.The microstructures of the prepared anodes were characterized,and the stability of the anode in a DC-SOFC and the influence of catalytic activity on open circuit voltage were studied.The above results indicate that LSCM–GDC anode is promising to be applied in DC-SOFCs.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(52161145403 and 22072164)the Joint Fund of the Yulin University and the Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy(Grant.YLU-DNL Fund 2022002)。
文摘Despite the long tradition of fossil carbon(coal,char,and related carbon-based materials)for fueling mankind,the science of transforming them into chemicals is still demandingly progressing in the current energy scenario,especially when considering its responsibilities to the global climate change.Traditionally,there are four routes of preparing chemicals directly from fossil carbon,including hydrogasification,gasification,direct liquefaction,and oxidation,in the macroscope of gas-solid reaction(hydrogasification and gasification)and liquid-solid reaction(direct liquefaction and oxidation).When the study goes to microscale,the gas-solid reaction can be considered as the reaction between the severe condensed radicals and gas,while the liquid-solid reaction is the direct reaction between the radical and the activated-molecule.To have a full overview of the area,this review systematically summarizes the main factors in these processes and shows our own perspectives as follows,(ⅰ)stabilizing the free radicals generated from coal and then directly converting them has the highest efficiency in coal utilization;(ⅱ)the research on the self-catalytic process of coal structure will have a profound impact on the direct preparation of chemicals from fossil carbon.Further discussions are also proposed to guide the future study of the area into a more sustainable direction.
基金supported by the New&Renewable Energy Development Program of the Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning(KETEP)Grant Funded by the Korean Government’s Ministry of Knowledge Economy(20113020030010)
文摘This work describes the performance of the direct carbon fuel cell(DCFC)fuelled by ash-free coal.Employing coal in the DCFC might be problematic,mainly because of the ash deposition after the cell reactions.In the study,the carbonaceous ash-free component of coal is obtained,which is then evaluated as the DCFC fuel and compared with raw coal,active carbon,carbon black,and graphite.The electrolyte-supported SOFC structure is adapted to build the DCFC.The DCFC based on the ash-free coal fuel exhibits good performance with regard to the maximum power density,day-by-day measurements,and durability at continuous run.When the carbon fuels are internally gasified to H2 and CO,the power density is generally much improved,compared to N2 pyrolysis environment.The power generation is most likely related to the concentration of pyrolyzed gases as well as the electrochemical reactivity of the solid carbon.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51888103).
文摘Coal consumption leads to over 15 billion tons of global CO_(2) emissions annually,which will continue at a considerable intensity in the foreseeable future.To remove the huge amount of CO_(2),a practically feasible way of direct carbon mitigation,instead of capturing that from dilute tail gases,should be developed;as intended,we developed two innovative supporting technologies,of which the status,strengths,applications,and perspective are discussed in this paper.One is supercritical water gasification-based coal/biomass utilization technology,which orderly converts chemical energy of coal and low-grade heat into hydrogen energy,and can achieve poly-generation of steam,heat,hydrogen,power,pure CO_(2),and minerals.The other one is the renewables-powered CO_(2) reduction techniques,which uses CO_(2) as the resource for carbon-based fuel production.When combining the above two technical loops,one can achieve a full resource utilization and zero CO_(2) emission,making it a practically feasible way for China and global countries to achieve carbon neutrality while creating substantial domestic benefits of economic growth,competitiveness,well-beings,and new industries.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(71573015,71521002)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFA0602801).
文摘Rural residents have unique lifestyle characteristics,energy consumption methods,energy-saving behaviors,and awareness.And the direct carbon emission from rural residents is based on the combined effect of multiple factors.In order to address the complexity of factors affecting the direct carbon emissions from rural household,this study used a structural equation model to examine the effect of multi-factor variables on direct carbon emissions from rural households in central China.Data were collected using questionnaires and surveys in six cities in central China to reflect the daily reality of rural residents.The results show that quality of life and awareness of energy conservation can affect the direct carbon emissions of rural residents.Family characteristics and awareness of energy conservation affected carbon emissions indirectly by affecting the daily behaviors and quality of life of the residents;consumption characteristics,energy-saving behaviors,and energy conservation policies are not the main factors contributing to the direct carbon emissions of the residents.Based on the results,future studies can focus on energy conservation education,improvement of the living habits,coal energy use efficiency,and energy consumption structure of residences.
基金This research is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.30370397 and 60571042).
文摘Stable adsorption and direct electrochemistry of glucose oxidase （COx） occurred on nitric acid （HNO3）-treated multi-walled carbon nanotubcs （MWNTs） instead of as-received MWNTs, demonstrating the critical roles of oxygen-containing groups in stable adsorption and direct electrochemistry of GOx on carbon nanotubcs （CNTs）.
基金financial support provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21573093)National Key Research and Development Program(Nos.2016YFC1102802,2017YFB0307501)Guangdong Innovative and Entrepreneurial Research Team Program(No.2013C092)
文摘In this paper, a direction carbonization method was used to prepare porous carbon from Allium cepa for supercapacitor applications. In this method, calcium acetate was used to assist carbonization process. Scanning electron microscope （SEM） and N2 adsorption/desorption method were used to characterize the morphology, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller （BET） specific surface area and pore size distribution of porous carbon derived from Allium cepa （onion derived porous carbon, OPC）. OPC is of hierarchical porous structure with high specific surface area and relatively high specific capacitance. OPC possesses relatively high specific surface area of 533.5 m2Jg. What＇s more, OPC possesses a specific capacitance of 133.5 Fig at scan rate of 5 mV/s.
文摘It is reported that the direct electron transfer of hemoglobin (Hb) can be effectively promoted by carbon nanotubes when Hb was immobilized on the surface of the carbon nanotubes modified electrode. The results indicated that the conversion of Hb-Fe(Ⅲ)/Hb-Fe(Ⅱ) is a one-electron coupled one-proton reaction process. The method presented can be easily extended to study the direct electrochemistry of other proteins or enzymes.
文摘The effect of press direction on the thermal expansion, slag resistance, etc. of periclase spinel carbon brick has been studied in this article. The results show that the thermal expansion rate in the direction parallel to the press axis is larger than that in the direction perpendicular to the press axis and the slag resistance in the direction parallel to the press axis is much better than that in the perpendicular direction. The directional distribution of graphite in the specimen is observed with the microscope.
文摘It is reported for the first time that horseradish peroxidase (HRP) immobilized on the active carbon can undergo a direct quasi-reversible electrochemical reaction. In addition, the immobilized HRP showed the stable bioelectrocatalytic activity for the reduction of H2O2.
文摘A reversible electron transfer between horse heart cytochrome c and a bare glassy carbon electrode was found and the dependence of direct electrochemical behaviotw on the electrode surface state was discussed.
文摘A kind of direct numerical simulation method suitable for supercritical carbon dioxide jet flow has been discussed in this paper. The form of dimensionless nonconservative compressible Navier-Stokes equations in a two-dimensional cartesian coordinate system is derived in detail. High accurate finite difference compact schemes based on non-uniform grid system are introduced to solve the equations. The simulation results of the three vortex pairing phenomenon of plane mixing layer and a compressible axisymmetric jet flow field show that the discussed numerical simulation method is feasible to calculate the supercritical carbon dioxide jet fluid. And it is found that the difficulties of splitting the convective terms in conservation Navier-Stokes equations, which are brought by the supercritical carbon dioxide fluid pressure state equation, can be avoided by solving the nonconservative compressible Navier-Stokes equations.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.20605009)
文摘The direct electron transfer of hemoglobin at the PAMAM-MWNTs-AuNPs composite film modified glassy carbon electrode was studied. In a phosphate buffer solution（PBS, pH=7.0）, the formal potential（E^0） of Hb was -0.105 V versus SCE, the electron transfer rate constant was 4.66 s-1. E^0＇ of Hb at the modified electrode was linearly varied in a pH range of 5.0-8.0 with a slope of-49.2 mV/pH. The Hb/PAMAM-MWNTs-AuNPs/GCE gave an excellent electrocatalytic response to the reduction of hydrogen peroxide. The catalytic current increased linearly with H2O2 concentration in a range of 1.0× 10^-6 to 2.2× 10^-3 mol/L. The detection limit was 2.0× 10^-7 mol/L at a signal to noise ratio of 3. The Michaelis-Menten constant（Km^app） was 2.95 mmol/L.
