The ability to speak two languages in the non-English-speaking countries is a remarkable achievement. There is a good reason to believe that bilingualism is the norm for the majority of people in the world, because 70...The ability to speak two languages in the non-English-speaking countries is a remarkable achievement. There is a good reason to believe that bilingualism is the norm for the majority of people in the world, because 70% of the earth＇s population are supposed to be bilingual or multilingual. Our purpose of the study was to determine the participants＇ awareness of using true and false cognate words of L 1 （the first language） ＆ L2 （the second language） in learning English. Three hundred and eighty-five selected people from 3,789 statistical population participated in 2014--2015 at three levels of A.D., B.A., and M.A. of Islamic Azad University as well as teachers of English in English educational institutions in Zanjan （Iran）. Each educational level was considered as one category with the total sample calculated by using Kokran Formula, and the amount of each category was determined by using appropriate proportion and randomized categorical sampling method. The participants＇ age was between from 18 to 52, with a mean age of 29 years. The materials were 45 words of true and false cognate＇s words from 500 words by doing CVR （content validity ratio） and CVI （content validity index） （Lawshe＇s table with the index of 88% and 82% respectively） for being reliable and valid. ANOVA （Analysis of variance） was used for studying the effect of educational level on the rate of awareness. In other words, the awareness level has been compared in different educational levels. The results of Dankan test show that： There is no significant difference between the awareness of A.D., B.A., and M.A. levels, but there is a significant difference between the level of awareness of teachers group and the other groups （in true cognate words） and for false cognate words, there is no significant difference between the level of awareness of the four groups in this regard.展开更多
Ship detection using synthetic aperture radar(SAR)plays an important role in marine applications.The existing methods are capable of quickly obtaining many candidate targets,but numerous non-ship objects may be wrongl...Ship detection using synthetic aperture radar(SAR)plays an important role in marine applications.The existing methods are capable of quickly obtaining many candidate targets,but numerous non-ship objects may be wrongly detected in complex backgrounds.These non-ship false alarms can be excluded by training discriminators,and the desired accuracy is obtained with enough verified samples.However,the reliable verification of targets in large-scene SAR images still inevitably requires manual interpretation,which is difficult and time consuming.To address this issue,a semisupervised heterogeneous ensemble ship target discrimination method based on a tri-training scheme is proposed to take advantage of the plentiful candidate targets.Specifically,various features commonly used in SAR image target discrimination are extracted,and several acknowledged classification models and their classic variants are investigated.Multiple discriminators are constructed by dividing these features into different groups and pairing them with each model.Then,the performance of all the discriminators is tested,and better discriminators are selected for implementing the semisupervised training process.These strategies enhance the diversity and reliability of the discriminators,and their heterogeneous ensemble makes more correct judgments on candidate targets,which facilitates further positive training.Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms traditional tritraining.展开更多
Various investigations have shown that the native language impacts foreign word recognition and this influence is adapted by the dexterity in the normative language. Cognates, words which area like beyond two or addit...Various investigations have shown that the native language impacts foreign word recognition and this influence is adapted by the dexterity in the normative language. Cognates, words which area like beyond two or additional languages in some fields signify an attention-grabbing, illuminating, and crucial facet of foreign or second language learning and research. Forty-five （males and females） participants have been randomly chosen and participated in the experiment in Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran, in 2014-2015 school year. The participants＇ age was between from 18 to 28, with a mean age of 21.5 years. The materials were divided into two groups which include 30 true cognates and 30 false cognates words from 300 words by doing CVR （content validity ratio） and CVI （content validity index） （Lawshe＇s table with index of 88% and 82% respectively） for being reliable and valid. These words have been taught to them, after a week, a test has been prepared about those words. According to the results of T-test for comparing the average marks of learning in every two groups can be said that there is a meaningful difference between the scores. The results show that the students learned true cognate words better than the false cognate words. The results of this investigation conjointly make sure the expectations that cognate-based instruction can absolutely impact in second language acquisition.展开更多
In the 11 th issue of 2009,'treasure'magazine published the author’s article'four steps to determine the truth of lingbi stone'.This article has been widely cited by professor wen qing of tsinghua uni...In the 11 th issue of 2009,'treasure'magazine published the author’s article'four steps to determine the truth of lingbi stone'.This article has been widely cited by professor wen qing of tsinghua university in the teaching of the China ornamental stone association appraisal and evaluation teacher training class,and has been reproduced by magazines and media,also has its name changed to"the true and false identification of lingbi stone"published,received a good response.展开更多
High fidelity repeater false-target badly affects a radar system＇s detecting, tracking, and data processing. It is an available approach of confronting false-target for radar that discriminates firstly and then elimi...High fidelity repeater false-target badly affects a radar system＇s detecting, tracking, and data processing. It is an available approach of confronting false-target for radar that discriminates firstly and then eliminates. Whereas for the technique progress about the repeater false-target jam, it is more and more difficult to discriminate this jam in the time-domain, frequency-domain, or space-domain. The technique using polarization information to discriminate the target and false-target is discussed in this paper, With the difference that false-target signal vector＇s polarization ratio is fixed and target echo signal vector＇s polarization ratio is variational along with radar transmission signal＇s polarization, we transform the discrimination problem to beeline distinguish problem in the 2-dim complex space. The distributing characteristic expression of the false-target discrimination statistic is constructed, with which the discrimination ratio of false-target is analyzed. For the target case, the decomposed model of target scattering matrix and the concept of distinguish quantity are proposed. Then, the discrimination ratio of target can be forecasted according to target distinguish quantity. Thus, the performance of discrimination method has been analyzed integrally. The simulation results demonstrate the method in this paper is effective on the discrimination of target and false-target.展开更多
A new polarization measurement algorithm by using the sum and difference beam differential property of mono-pulse radar is given.Based on the generation mechanism differences between the target scattering and multi-fa...A new polarization measurement algorithm by using the sum and difference beam differential property of mono-pulse radar is given.Based on the generation mechanism differences between the target scattering and multi-false-target jamming,the signal models of real targets and digital deceptive false target jamming for sum and delta channel are presented.The polarization discrimination parameters are designed,and the discrimination method and its performance are discussed.This novel method does not need the accurate estimation of the absolute value of full target polarization scattering matrix,but only requires the relative estimation of the orthogonal polarized component of the targets.Without the need to add additional polarization channels,the proposed method is more suitable for engineering realization.The simulation experiment verifies that the correctly identifying probability can be better than 90%.展开更多
Universe life includes the universe realm, the life realm, human society and man-made materials. Each life has four grades.There are four different “me” in each life: true me, Yang me, Yin me and conscious me. True ...Universe life includes the universe realm, the life realm, human society and man-made materials. Each life has four grades.There are four different “me” in each life: true me, Yang me, Yin me and conscious me. True me never dies while Yang me, Yin meand conscious me all appear and go. The heart of life is also a system consisting of four grades (true heart + Yang me heart + Yin meheart + conscious heart). Life is a four-seasonal whole dominated by heart. True me is true while Yang me, Yin me and conscious meare false. The general law of the universe is an operating body of general rules. Both the operating body of general rules and the lifebody are combination of the true and the false. The operating body of general rules is a body with two aspects and the combinationand an autonomous operation of movement with stillness, gathering with parting and rising with falling. The operating body ofgeneral rules dominated by true me is the universe body. The essential features of the universe body include: 1) it is empty;2) it isabsolutely quiet;3) it exists forever;4) it contains seeds for everything;5) it generates everything in the universe;6) it is solid andwill never break;7) its power is King Kong power. The zero-state of the galaxy is its basic state and the giant blank zone of theuniverse. The galaxy’s turning from zero-state into one-state is getting something from nothing. The operating of general rule ispresented as the four-seasonal movement or metabolism of life. It is a continuity of movement and stillness (life and death) and aprocess of something interacting with nothing. The modes of reproduction of life consist of self-generation, generation byaugmentation and generation by transformation. The Milky Way Galaxy, the solar system and the earth are inorganic life withreproductive system and reproductive capacity. In the positive-going evolution, their inner morality power gradually decreases andundergoes different states and structures. Internal intercourse generates different lives. In the early days of the earth, the temperaturewas high and inorganic lives first appeared: humans, animals, plants and bacteria. When the temperature dropped to a proper degree,organic lives then appeared: bacteria, plants, animals and humans. Now, new lives are still appearing on the earth.展开更多
Regional Weather Forecasting Centre(RWFC)New Delhi has the responsibility to issue and disseminate rainfall forecast for Delhi.So it is very important to scientifically verify the rainfall forecast issued by RWFC.In t...Regional Weather Forecasting Centre(RWFC)New Delhi has the responsibility to issue and disseminate rainfall forecast for Delhi.So it is very important to scientifically verify the rainfall forecast issued by RWFC.In this study rainfall forecast verification of Delhi has been carried out annually and season wise for the period 2011 to 2021.Various statistical parameters such as Percentage Correct(PC),Probability of Detection(POD),Missing Ratio(MR),False Alarm Ratio(FAR),Critical Success Index(CSI),True Skill Statistics(TSS)and Heidke Skill Score(HSS)have been calculated for season wise and annually.A forecast is considered to be improved if PC,POD,CSI,TSS and HSS increase and FAR and MR decrease over a period of time.The author can conclude that annual accuracy of forecast has increased significantly over the period of time from 2011 to 2021,as PC,POD,CSI,TSS and HSS increase and FAR and MR decrease over a period of time.Maximum contribution in the improved forecast has observed in transition season(pre-monsoon season followed by post-monsoon,having rainfall activity mainly in association with thunderstorms),when FAR and MR have decreased drastically.展开更多
文摘The ability to speak two languages in the non-English-speaking countries is a remarkable achievement. There is a good reason to believe that bilingualism is the norm for the majority of people in the world, because 70% of the earth＇s population are supposed to be bilingual or multilingual. Our purpose of the study was to determine the participants＇ awareness of using true and false cognate words of L 1 （the first language） ＆ L2 （the second language） in learning English. Three hundred and eighty-five selected people from 3,789 statistical population participated in 2014--2015 at three levels of A.D., B.A., and M.A. of Islamic Azad University as well as teachers of English in English educational institutions in Zanjan （Iran）. Each educational level was considered as one category with the total sample calculated by using Kokran Formula, and the amount of each category was determined by using appropriate proportion and randomized categorical sampling method. The participants＇ age was between from 18 to 52, with a mean age of 29 years. The materials were 45 words of true and false cognate＇s words from 500 words by doing CVR （content validity ratio） and CVI （content validity index） （Lawshe＇s table with the index of 88% and 82% respectively） for being reliable and valid. ANOVA （Analysis of variance） was used for studying the effect of educational level on the rate of awareness. In other words, the awareness level has been compared in different educational levels. The results of Dankan test show that： There is no significant difference between the awareness of A.D., B.A., and M.A. levels, but there is a significant difference between the level of awareness of teachers group and the other groups （in true cognate words） and for false cognate words, there is no significant difference between the level of awareness of the four groups in this regard.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No.61971455.
文摘Ship detection using synthetic aperture radar(SAR)plays an important role in marine applications.The existing methods are capable of quickly obtaining many candidate targets,but numerous non-ship objects may be wrongly detected in complex backgrounds.These non-ship false alarms can be excluded by training discriminators,and the desired accuracy is obtained with enough verified samples.However,the reliable verification of targets in large-scene SAR images still inevitably requires manual interpretation,which is difficult and time consuming.To address this issue,a semisupervised heterogeneous ensemble ship target discrimination method based on a tri-training scheme is proposed to take advantage of the plentiful candidate targets.Specifically,various features commonly used in SAR image target discrimination are extracted,and several acknowledged classification models and their classic variants are investigated.Multiple discriminators are constructed by dividing these features into different groups and pairing them with each model.Then,the performance of all the discriminators is tested,and better discriminators are selected for implementing the semisupervised training process.These strategies enhance the diversity and reliability of the discriminators,and their heterogeneous ensemble makes more correct judgments on candidate targets,which facilitates further positive training.Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms traditional tritraining.
文摘Various investigations have shown that the native language impacts foreign word recognition and this influence is adapted by the dexterity in the normative language. Cognates, words which area like beyond two or additional languages in some fields signify an attention-grabbing, illuminating, and crucial facet of foreign or second language learning and research. Forty-five （males and females） participants have been randomly chosen and participated in the experiment in Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran, in 2014-2015 school year. The participants＇ age was between from 18 to 28, with a mean age of 21.5 years. The materials were divided into two groups which include 30 true cognates and 30 false cognates words from 300 words by doing CVR （content validity ratio） and CVI （content validity index） （Lawshe＇s table with index of 88% and 82% respectively） for being reliable and valid. These words have been taught to them, after a week, a test has been prepared about those words. According to the results of T-test for comparing the average marks of learning in every two groups can be said that there is a meaningful difference between the scores. The results show that the students learned true cognate words better than the false cognate words. The results of this investigation conjointly make sure the expectations that cognate-based instruction can absolutely impact in second language acquisition.
文摘In the 11 th issue of 2009,'treasure'magazine published the author’s article'four steps to determine the truth of lingbi stone'.This article has been widely cited by professor wen qing of tsinghua university in the teaching of the China ornamental stone association appraisal and evaluation teacher training class,and has been reproduced by magazines and media,also has its name changed to"the true and false identification of lingbi stone"published,received a good response.
基金Supported by the New Century Excellent Talents Fund (Grant No. NCET-04-0997)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (GrantNo. 60672033)
文摘High fidelity repeater false-target badly affects a radar system＇s detecting, tracking, and data processing. It is an available approach of confronting false-target for radar that discriminates firstly and then eliminates. Whereas for the technique progress about the repeater false-target jam, it is more and more difficult to discriminate this jam in the time-domain, frequency-domain, or space-domain. The technique using polarization information to discriminate the target and false-target is discussed in this paper, With the difference that false-target signal vector＇s polarization ratio is fixed and target echo signal vector＇s polarization ratio is variational along with radar transmission signal＇s polarization, we transform the discrimination problem to beeline distinguish problem in the 2-dim complex space. The distributing characteristic expression of the false-target discrimination statistic is constructed, with which the discrimination ratio of false-target is analyzed. For the target case, the decomposed model of target scattering matrix and the concept of distinguish quantity are proposed. Then, the discrimination ratio of target can be forecasted according to target distinguish quantity. Thus, the performance of discrimination method has been analyzed integrally. The simulation results demonstrate the method in this paper is effective on the discrimination of target and false-target.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (6073600660802078)the Hunan Provincial Innovation Foundation for Postgraduate (CX2009B010)
文摘A new polarization measurement algorithm by using the sum and difference beam differential property of mono-pulse radar is given.Based on the generation mechanism differences between the target scattering and multi-false-target jamming,the signal models of real targets and digital deceptive false target jamming for sum and delta channel are presented.The polarization discrimination parameters are designed,and the discrimination method and its performance are discussed.This novel method does not need the accurate estimation of the absolute value of full target polarization scattering matrix,but only requires the relative estimation of the orthogonal polarized component of the targets.Without the need to add additional polarization channels,the proposed method is more suitable for engineering realization.The simulation experiment verifies that the correctly identifying probability can be better than 90%.
文摘Universe life includes the universe realm, the life realm, human society and man-made materials. Each life has four grades.There are four different “me” in each life: true me, Yang me, Yin me and conscious me. True me never dies while Yang me, Yin meand conscious me all appear and go. The heart of life is also a system consisting of four grades (true heart + Yang me heart + Yin meheart + conscious heart). Life is a four-seasonal whole dominated by heart. True me is true while Yang me, Yin me and conscious meare false. The general law of the universe is an operating body of general rules. Both the operating body of general rules and the lifebody are combination of the true and the false. The operating body of general rules is a body with two aspects and the combinationand an autonomous operation of movement with stillness, gathering with parting and rising with falling. The operating body ofgeneral rules dominated by true me is the universe body. The essential features of the universe body include: 1) it is empty;2) it isabsolutely quiet;3) it exists forever;4) it contains seeds for everything;5) it generates everything in the universe;6) it is solid andwill never break;7) its power is King Kong power. The zero-state of the galaxy is its basic state and the giant blank zone of theuniverse. The galaxy’s turning from zero-state into one-state is getting something from nothing. The operating of general rule ispresented as the four-seasonal movement or metabolism of life. It is a continuity of movement and stillness (life and death) and aprocess of something interacting with nothing. The modes of reproduction of life consist of self-generation, generation byaugmentation and generation by transformation. The Milky Way Galaxy, the solar system and the earth are inorganic life withreproductive system and reproductive capacity. In the positive-going evolution, their inner morality power gradually decreases andundergoes different states and structures. Internal intercourse generates different lives. In the early days of the earth, the temperaturewas high and inorganic lives first appeared: humans, animals, plants and bacteria. When the temperature dropped to a proper degree,organic lives then appeared: bacteria, plants, animals and humans. Now, new lives are still appearing on the earth.
文摘Regional Weather Forecasting Centre(RWFC)New Delhi has the responsibility to issue and disseminate rainfall forecast for Delhi.So it is very important to scientifically verify the rainfall forecast issued by RWFC.In this study rainfall forecast verification of Delhi has been carried out annually and season wise for the period 2011 to 2021.Various statistical parameters such as Percentage Correct(PC),Probability of Detection(POD),Missing Ratio(MR),False Alarm Ratio(FAR),Critical Success Index(CSI),True Skill Statistics(TSS)and Heidke Skill Score(HSS)have been calculated for season wise and annually.A forecast is considered to be improved if PC,POD,CSI,TSS and HSS increase and FAR and MR decrease over a period of time.The author can conclude that annual accuracy of forecast has increased significantly over the period of time from 2011 to 2021,as PC,POD,CSI,TSS and HSS increase and FAR and MR decrease over a period of time.Maximum contribution in the improved forecast has observed in transition season(pre-monsoon season followed by post-monsoon,having rainfall activity mainly in association with thunderstorms),when FAR and MR have decreased drastically.
