Analysis of the Distribution of Tulipa fosteriana and Tulipa ingens. The Importance of Protecting Wild Plants, in Particular Tulips All over the World

The assessment of the distribution and importance of the protection of tulip varieties around the world and separately rare, wild-growing ancestors of cultivated tulips, in particular Tulipa fosteriana and Tulipa ingens on the globe, including Central Asia, Uzbekistan and the Samarkand region, was described. A distribution map was introduced to visualize the data. Information about the morphological description of the studied species was also given.

A study on zooplankton distribution patterns and indicator species in Kuroshio upstream area and adjacent East China Sea

On the basis of the data of zooplankton biomass and three major taxa—— Copepoda, Chaetognatha andSiphonophora of May-June 1986, July-August and December 1987, the distributional patterns and the indicator species of zooplankton in the Kuroshio and adjacent waters of the East China Sea are preliminarily studied. The results are as follows:The horizontal distribution of zooplankton biomass and the abundance of copepods, chaetognaths and siphonophores arecurred in the continent area northwest of Taiwan and the south-centre section of the East China Sea continent, which are the mix front of different waters. Zooplankton in the water area inside of Ryukyu Islands presented low abundance and high diversity. There are clear seasonal variations in zooplankton biomass and abundance in the study area. The strength or weakness of different water masses and fronts is the basic reason for the variations of zooplankton biomass and abundance.The species composition of zooplankton in the study area is complex and varies, however, the tropic oceanic species predominates overwhelmingly. The distribution of different ecotype species evidences the distribution of different water masses and the state of mixture. The indicator species of each water mass are listed in the paper so as to provide grounds for the variation of currents in the Kuroshio area.The temperature and salinity of sea water are important factors affecting zooplankton distribution, composition and diversity , however the role of salinity is major. With the replacement of one season by another, the correlative levels of temperature and salinity to various zooplankton taxa are more or less significant.

Study on Temporal-spatial Distribution of Heavy Rain and Rainstorm in Different Functional Areas of Chongqing

To discuss response ability of five functional areas to rainstorm flood in Chongqing,by taking 8 districts（ counties） as research object,monthly occurrence times of heavy rain and rainstorm in different functional areas over the years and appearance month of the maximum rainfall were conducted statistics. Results showed that frequency distribution of heavy rain in whole year in different functional areas was different,but it was similar in the same functional zone. Temporal-spatial distribution of rainstorm was more independent,and there were different performances in various districts of each functional area. In urban functional core area and urban functional expansion area,rainstorm times was more,and the maximum precipitation was larger. In urban development new district,rainstorm times and the maximum precipitation were relatively smaller in whole Chongqing. In ecological conservation development area of northeast Chongqing,rainstorm duration was longer,and we needed prevention and control during June- September. In ecological protection area of southeast Chongqing,although rainstorm occurrence times was the most in Chongqing,the heavy rainstorm was less.

The Potential Geographic Distribution of Radopholus similis in China

The burrowing nematode （Radopholus similis） is one of the main quarantine pests in China, and the risk of invasion posed by this nematode is becoming more and more serious with regard to the international trade being intensified day by day. It is urgent to analyse the potential geographic distribution of R. similis in China. Genetic algorithm for rule-set prediction modeling system （GARP） and maximum entropy （MAXENT）, the two niche models which have been widely used to predict the potential geographic distribution of alien species, were used to predict the distribution of R. similis in China. We also presented a model comparison of the results by both threshold-dependent and threshold-independent evaluations. It has been shown that the two niche models could be used to predict the potential distribution of R. similis reliably. The potential distribution of R. similis should be constricted within the south of China, such as Hainan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, Yunnan provinces, and Taiwan of China. The MAXENT gives a better prediction than that of GARP. R. similis can be introduced to China by flowers and nursery stock＇s international shipping. The predicted results indicate that R. similis can occur in south coastal area of China and Yunnan Province, which are the main flower and nursery stock＇s import-export areas in China. Consequently, a strong quarantine program is needed at the ports of such areas to prevent the pest from being introduced to China.

Fabrication of 32 Gb/s Electroabsorption Modulated Distributed Feedback Lasers by Selective Area Growth Technology

A 32 Gb/s monolithically integrated electroabsorption modulated laser is fabricated by selective area growth technology. The threshold current of the device is below 13mA. The output power exceeds 10mW at 0V bias when the injection current of the distributed feedback laser is 100mA at 25℃. The side mode suppression ratio is over 50 dB. A 32Gb/s eye diagram is measured with a 3.SVpp nonreturn-to-zero pseudorandom modulation signal at -2.3 V bias. A clearly opening eyediagram with a dynamic extinction ratio of 8.01 dB is obtained.

计及源荷时序特性的低压台区分布式光伏接入分布鲁棒优化方法

为提高低压配电台区中分布式光伏(DPV)的接入容量,促进光伏消纳,本文提出一种计及源荷时序特性的低压台区DPV接入分布鲁棒优化方法.首先,针对低压台区中分布式光伏出力和负荷需求的不确定性,提出一种基于优化聚类的源-荷联合时序场景生成方法;其次,计及电压约束、线路容量约束、逆变器无功补偿约束及光伏消纳约束等,构建低压台区分布式光伏接入分布鲁棒优化模型,在保证各典型场景最恶劣概率分布下的弃光率期望值符合要求的情况下,最大化低压台区中分布式光伏接入容量;然后,建立低压台区分布式储能接入的数学模型,以研究储能接入及其充放电机制对低压台区分布式光伏接入的影响;最后,以实际配电台区为例进行仿真计算,验证了本文模型的有效性.

Advances in Research of Resources and Cultivation Techniques of Chinese Medicinal Material Radix Bupleuri

At present,with the vigorous development of traditional Chinese medicines,wild Bupleurum chinense resources become increasingly depleted,and its cultivars have become the mainstream of the market.However,due to factors such as a large number of original plants,irregular planting techniques,and poor growth environment,the quality of cultivated B.chinense is uneven and it is difficult to achieve the expected efficacy.In order to protect the wild resources of B.chinense and expand the source of medicinal materials,this paper summarized the research advances of the main resource producing areas and cultivation techniques of B.chinense in combination with relevant documents published at home and abroad,and discussed the future development of B.chinense,to provide a reference for research and sustainable development of B.chinense resources.

考虑广域源-荷协调的分布式鲁棒优化调度

对源荷双侧存在的不确定性进行精细化建模,可提升广域源荷协调调度结果的有效性。分别以风电功率和分时(time-of-use,TOU)电价为不确定变量,利用历史数据构建基于Wasserstein距离的概率分布模糊集来表征风电功率和分时电价的不确定性,并根据各类民用负荷特性建立分时电价引导下广域分布的民用负荷需求响应不确定模型。建立基于Wasserstein距离的广域源-荷协调双层分布式鲁棒优化调度模型,优化求解得到火电机组、风电场和各类广域民用负荷的调度计划。最后通过算例仿真验证所提方法可有效挖掘广域民用负荷调峰潜力,降低系统运行成本,提高风电消纳能力,平衡调度计划的经济性和鲁棒性。

青海省农牧区典型供电模式研究

结合青海农牧区特点,对配电网各电压等级电网结构、建设标准在典型供电区的适用性和匹配性进行研究,形成配电网的典型发展模式。

Stress area of the mandibular alveolar mucosa under complete denture with linear occlusion at lateral excursion

Background The rocking and instability of a loaded complete denture （CD） during lateral excursion reduce the bearing area under the denture base, causing localized high stress concentrations. This can lead to mucosal tenderness, ulceration, and alveolar bone resorption, and the linear occlusion design was to decrease the lateral force exerted on the denture and to ensure denture stability. But it is not known how the bearing areas of linear occlusal CDs （LOCDs） and anatomic occlusal CDs （AOCDs） differ. The purpose of this study was to analyze and compare the distributions of the high and low vertical stress-bearing areas in the mandibular alveolar mucosa under LOCDs and AOCDs at lateral excursion.Methods Computerized tomography （CT） and finite element analysis were used to establish three-dimensional models of an edentulous maxilla and mandible with severe residual ridge resorption. These models were composed of maxillary and mandibular bone structure, mucosa, and the LOCD or AOCD. Lateral excursion movements of the mandible were simulated and the vertical stress-bearing areas in the mucosa under both mandibular CDs were analyzed using ANSYS 7.0.Results On the working side, the high stress-bearing （-0.07 to -0.1 Mpa） area under the LOCD during lateral excursion was smaller than that under the AOCD, while the medium stress-bearing （-0.03 to -0.07 Mpa） area under the LOCD was 1.33-fold that under the AOCD. The medium stress-bearing area on the non-working side under the LOCD was 2.4-fold that under the AOCD. Therefore, the overall medium vertical stress-bearing area under the LOCD was 20% larger than that under the AOCD.Conclusions During lateral excursion, the medium vertical stress-bearing area under a mandibular LOCD was larger and the high vertical stress-bearing area was smaller than that under an AOCD. Thus, the vertical stress under the LOCD was distributed more evenly and over a wider area than that under the AOCD, thereby improving denture stability.

Unraveling the size distributions of surface properties for purple soil and yellow soil

Soils contain diverse colloidal particles whose properties are pertinent to ecological and human health, whereas few investigations systematically analyze the surface properties of these particles. The objective of this study was to elucidate the surface properties of particles within targeted size ranges（i.e. 〉 10, 1-10, 0.5-1, 0.2-0.5 and 〈 0.2 μm） for a purple soil（Entisol） and a yellow soil（Ultisol） using the combined determination method. The mineralogy of corresponding particle-size fractions was determined by X-ray diffraction.We found that up to 80% of the specific surface area and 85% of the surface charge of the entire soil came from colloidal-sized particles（〈 1 μm）, and almost half of the specific surface area and surface charge came from the smallest particles（〈 0.2 μm）. Vermiculite,illite, montmorillonite and mica dominated in the colloidal-sized particles, of which the smallest particles had the highest proportion of vermiculite and montmorillonite. For a given size fraction, the purple soil had a larger specific surface area, stronger electrostatic field, and higher surface charge than the yellow soil due to differences in mineralogy.Likewise, the differences in surface properties among the various particle-size fractions can also be ascribed to mineralogy. Our results indicated that soil surface properties were essentially determined by the colloidal-sized particles, and the 〈 0.2 μm nanoparticles made the largest contribution to soil properties. The composition of clay minerals within the diverse particle-size fractions could fully explain the size distributions of surface properties.

Power and efficiency optimizations for an open cycle two-shaft gas turbine power plant

In finite-time thermodynamic analyses for various gas turbine cycles,there are two common models:one is closed-cycle model with thermal conductance optimization of heat exchangers,and another is open-cycle model with optimization of pressure drop(PD)distributions.Both of optimization also with searching optimal compressor pressure ratio(PR).This paper focuses on an open-cycle model.A two-shaft open-cycle gas turbine power plant(OCGTPP)is modeled in this paper.Expressions of power output(PP)and thermal conversion efficiency(TCE)are deduced,and these performances are optimized by varying the relative PD and compressor PR.The results show that there exist the optimal values(0.32 and 14.0)of PD and PR which lead to double maximum dimensionless PP(1.75).There also exists an optimal value(0.38)of area allocation ratio which leads to maximum TCE(0.37).Moreover,the performances of three types of gas turbine cycles,such as one-shaft and two-shaft ones,are compared.When the relative pressure drop at the compressor inlet is small,the TCE of third cycle is the biggest one;when this pressure drop is large,the PP of second cycle is the biggest one.The results herein can be applied to guide the preliminary designs of OCGTPPs.

集成生物物理成分的夜光遥感图像城市用地提取方法（英文）

DMSP/OLS nighttime light （NTL） image is a widely used data source for urbaniza- tion studies. Although OLS NTL data are able to map nighttime luminosity, the identification accuracy of distribution of urban areas （UAD） is limited by the overestimation of the lit areas resulting from the coarse spatial resolution. In view of geographical condition, we integrate NTL with Biophysical Composition Index （BCl） and propose a new spectral index, the BCl Assisted NTL Index （BANI） to capture UAD. Comparisons between BANI approach and NDVl-assisted SVM classification are carried out using UAD extracted from Landsat TM/ETM＋ data as reference. Results show that BANI is capable of improving the accuracy of UAD extraction using NTL data. The average overall accuracy （OA） and Kappa coefficient of sample cities increased from 88.53% to 95.10% and from 0.56 to 0.84, respectively. Moreover with regard to cities with more mixed land covers, the accuracy of extraction results is high and the improvement is obvious. For other cities, the accuracy also increased to varying de- grees. Hence, BANI approach could achieve better UAD extraction results compared with NDVl-assisted SVM method, suggesting that the proposed method is a reliable alternative method for a large-scale urbanization study in China＇s mainland.