Research on Advertising and Pricing in E-Supply Chain Under Different Dominant Modes

The E-supply chain is formed gradually along with the development of network, which is getting more attention among enterprises with unique advantages. Three E-supply chain operation modes are constructed in this paper, then the optimal pricing and advertising strategies under those modes are studied and compared, which are demonstrated with numerical examples. The results of comparison and analysis show that: Selling price, network platform service level, advertising investment and the profits of manufacturer, network platform and E-supply chain all increase with advertising effectiveness of stimulating demand growth. Under centralized decision-making mode, service level is highest, advertising investment is largest and the profit of E-supply chain is highest as well. When manufacturer leads decentralized decision-making mode, not only network service level, advertising investment and the profit of manufacturer can gain better results, but also profit of network platform can be higher while the advertisement effect of increasing demand is big enough. Additionally, it is confirmed that centralized decision-making is better than decentralized decision-making for system operation. Besides, decentralized decision-making mode led by manufacturer is superior to it led by network platform on the condition that advertisement effect is obvious.

The Variations of Dominant Convection Modes over Asia, Indian Ocean, and Western Pacific Ocean during the Summers of 1997-2004

The NOAA daily outgoing longwave radiation （OLR） and the Global Precipitation Climatology Project （GPCP）daily precipitation data are used to study the variation of dominant convection modes and their relationships over Asia, the Indian Ocean, and the western Pacific Ocean during the summers from 1997 to 2004. Major findings are as follows： （1） Regression analysis with the OLR indicates the convective variations over Asian monsoon region are more closely associated with the convective activities over the western subtropical Pacific （WSP） than with those over the northern tropical Indian Ocean （NTIO）. （2） The EOF analysis of OLR indicates the first mode （EOF1） exhibits the out-of-phase variations between eastern China and India, and between eastern China and the WSP. The OLR EOF1 primarily exhibits seasonal and even longer-term variations. （3） The OLR EOF2 mostly displays in-phase convective variations over India, the Bay of Bengal, and southeastern China. A wavelet analysis reveals intraseasonal variation （ISV） features in 2000, 2001, 2002, and 2004. However, the effective ISV does not take place in every year and it seems to occur only when the centers of an east-west oriented dipole reach enough intensity over the tropical Indian and western Pacific Oceans. （4） The spatial patterns of OLR EOF3 are more complicated than those of EOF1 and EOF2, and an effective ISV is noted from 1999 to 2004. The OLR EOF3 implies there is added complexity of the OLR pattern when the effective ISV occurs. （5） The correlation analysis suggests the precipitation over India is more closely associated with the ISV, seasonal variations, and even longer-term variations than precipitation occurring over eastern China.

A family of explicit algorithms for general pseudodynamic testing

A new family of explicit pseudodynamic algorithms is proposed for general pseudodynamic testing. One particular subfamily seems very promising for use in general pseudodynamic testing since the stability problem for a structure does not need to be considered. This is because this subfamily is unconditionally stable for any instantaneous stiffness softening system, linear elastic system and instantaneous stiffness hardening system that might occur in the pseudodynamic testing of a real structure. In addition, it also offers good accuracy when compared to a general second-order accurate method for both linear elastic and nonlinear systems.

Evaluation of multidimensional simulations of summer air temperature in China from CMIP5 to CMIP6 by the BCC models: From trends to modes

To determine whether the capability of the CMIP6 version of Beijing Climate Center(BCC)models(BCC-ESMI and BCC-CSM2-MR)in simulating China summer surface air temperature(SAT)has improved,we presented a multidimensional evaluation of the summer SAT in China including the trends,modes,and influencing factors.Critical comparisons are also made with the results of CMIP5(BCC-CSM1.1 and BCC-CSMl.lm).In general,the CMIP6,especially BCC-CSM2-MR,has smaller deviations in the trends,the means,the mutations,the maximum centers,the variances,and the spatial patterns of the dominant modes from observatio relative to those of CMIP5.However,the BCC CMIP6 models still underestimate the SAT variation in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and the northeastern regions of China,and the performance is unsatisfactory with respect to the physical drivers of the dominant modes.Importantly,all the BCC models can capture the spatio-temporal characteristics of the first mode well and can,in general,characterize the spatial pattern of the second mode,but none of the models perform well in the principal component of the second mode(PC2)due to the low performance with respect to the interannual variation of PC2.Furthermore,the factors influencing the leading two modes are evaluated.The two CMIP6 can simulate better the Northern Hemisphere subtropical high northern boundary affecting the first mode.Another factor,the Asia polar vortex area,can only be simulated better by two low-resolution models(BCC-CSM1.1 and BCC-ESM I).For the second mode,all four models simulate the influence of Asian zonal circulation well,but poorly simulate that of the southern Indian Ocean dipole due to a large deviation in the Indian Ocean surface temperature.