Dopamine receptor D4 gene (DRD4) is associated with gazing toward humans in domestic dogs (<i>Canis familiaris</i>)

Dogs show high social communicative ability in interactions with humans. We investigated the association between dogs’ social communicative behavior and the polymorphisms of a gene related to a neurotransmitter. We used an “unsolvable task”, in which an experimenter put a food reward into a container and closed it firmly so that dogs could not remove the reward. Human-directed gazing, possibly to request help, is a characteristic behavioral trait of dogs in such situations. The association between owner-directed gazing behavior in the unsolvable task and polymorphisms of three regions (exon1, exon3, intron2) in the dopamine receptor D4 gene (DRD4) was analyzed. We found that the genotype of DRD4 intron2 was significantly associated with the dogs’ gazing behavior. Dogs carrying shorter allele (P) looked at their owner more frequently, for longer, and earlier than dogs carrying longer allele (Q). This result suggests that polymorphism in DRD4 intron2 may affect social communication and cognition in dogs.

Dopamine receptor D3R and D4R mRNA levels in peripheral lymphocytes in patients with schizophrenia correlate with severity of illness

Schizophrenia is a disease that affects many areas of the brain. The dopamine hypothesis is one of the most widely-accepted ideas in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Besides alterations in the dopaminergic system in the central nervous system, there have been several reports of changes in dopaminergic systems in the peripheral blood of schizophrenic patients. Several reports have shown that dopamine receptor expression by lymphocytes is altered in patients with schizophrenia, but the results have been conflicting. We therefore re-assessed D3R and D4R mRNA levels in 11 patients with schizophrenia and 12 healthy subjects and correlated levels with severity of symptoms. D3R and D4R expression in lymphocytes and granulocytes was measured by quantitative RT-PCR and the severity of symptoms and cognitive impairment were assessed using the PANSS and BACS-J. There were no significant differences in mean D3R or D4R mRNA levels in lymphocytes from schizophrenic patients and controls and no significant difference in mean D4R mRNA levels in granulocytes (D3R mRNA undetectable). In patients with schizophrenia, D3R expression was inversely correlated with the total PANSS score (r = 0.768, p = 0.009), while D4R expression was positively correlated with working memory scales (r = 0.895, p = 0.001). In conclusion, these results imply that lymphocyte D3R and D4R are involved in the mechanisms of the disorder and could be used as target markers in the treatment of schizophrenia.

The dopamine receptor D4 regulates the proliferation of pulmonary arteries smooth muscle in broilers by downregulating AT1R

The major cause of pulmonary vascular remodeling in broilers is abnormal proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells(VSMCs),and one of the main causes of pulmonary hypertension syndrome(PHS)in broilers is pulmonary artery vascular remodeling.Forty Arbor Acres(AA)broilers were randomly divided into four groups(n=10):a control group(deionized water,Og/L NaCl),a freshwater group(FW,deionized water+1 g/L NaCl),highly salinized freshwater group 1(H-SFW-1,deionized water+2.5 g/L NaCl)and highly salinized freshwater group 2(H-SFW-2,deionized water+5 g/L NaCl).The results of in vivo experiments showed that vascular smooth muscle of the broilers could be significantly proliferated by intake of high-salinity fresh water(H-SFW-1&H-SFW-2),which significantly increased the content of angiotensin II(Ang II)and the expression of angiotensin II type 1(AT1)receptor protein.Meanwhile,it significantly decreased the expression of dopamine receptor D4(DRD4)protein.The results of in vitro experiments showed that exogenous Ang II induced the proliferation of primary VSMCs in broilers,which could be significantly inhibited by DRD4 agonists(D4A,HY-101384A)and enhanced by DRD4 inhibitors(D4I;HY-B0965).In addition,the results of immunoblotting and fluorescence quantitative PCR showed that AT1 receptors could be negatively regulated by DRD4 in VSMCs of broilers,either at the transcriptional or translational level.At the same time,the expression of AT1 receptor could be increased by DRD4 inhibition by D4I and decreased by DRD4 activation by D4A.The negative regulatory effect of DRD4 on AT1 receptor occurred in a dose-dependent manner.These results indicate that long-term intake of highly salinized fresh water can cause PHS in broilers,accompanied by varying degrees of proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle.This mechanism may involve response of its receptor being induced by increased Ang II,while DRD4 can negatively regulate it.

福建省Tourette综合征DRD4基因第3外显子48bp VNTR多态性

目的探讨福建省Tourette综合征与DRD4基因第3号外显子48bp VNTR多态性的关系。方法研究对象包括120名正常人和106例Tourette综合征(Gilles de la Tourette syndrom,TS)患者。采用抽提人基因组DNA、聚合酶链反应、琼脂糖凝胶电泳,结合PAGE胶电泳及银染技术检测DRD4基因第3外显子48bpVNTR多态性的等位基因和基因型。部分有代表性等位基因片段的PCR产物直接测序,检测其基因型。将TS患者与正常人的DRD4基因型进行对比,分析其与TS的相关性。结果 TS组与对照组中,DRD448bpVNTR共检测到8种基因型,有5种等位基因,即对应2～6次重复。DRD448bpVNTR基因型总体分布趋势、DRD4等位基因频率分布、DRD448bpVNTR长短重复等位基因比较,TS组与对照组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 DRD4第3号外显子的48bpVNTR多态性可能与福建省TS有关联。

多巴胺D_4受体基因与注意缺陷多动障碍及其相关症状的关联分析

目的 探讨多巴胺D4受体 (dopamineD4receptor,DRD4 )基因 48bp可变重复序列 (variantnumbertandemrepeat,VNTR)多态性与注意缺陷多动障碍(Attention deficithyperactivitydisorder,ADHD)及其相关症状的关系。方法 取 139例ADHD患者及 115例正常对照,利用Achenbach父母用儿童行为调查表(ChildBehaviourChecklist,CBCL)来评定患者的临床症状;采用聚合酶链式反应(polymerasechainreac tion,PCR)、聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳结合银染技术,检测ADHD患者和对照组基因型和等位基因的频率。结果 患者组和对照组DRD4基因型和等位基因的频率与对照组相比无显著性差异 (P>0. 05)。DRD4基因的携带 5等位基因(DRD4 *5+ )组个体间焦虑 /抑郁(5. 1±4. 0)和内化性(12. 1±7. 6)两分量表分和非携带 5等位基因(DRD4 *5 )组个体间焦虑 /抑郁(2. 7±2. 7)和内化性 (7. 3±5. 4)两分量表分有显著性差异(Mann WhitneyZ=1. 982,P=0. 047;Z=2. 047, P=0. 041), DRD4 *5+基因型个体焦虑 /抑郁和内向性两行为分量表评分高。而其它分量表及行为总分无显著性差异。结论 本研究未发现DRD4基因 48bpVNTR多态性与ADHD存在关联,但DRD基因 48bpVNTR多态性与ADHD伴内化问题可能有关。

7-氮杂吲哚衍生物——一种新多巴胺D_4受体显像剂的合成

7 氮杂吲哚衍生物L 75 0 667是一个新的、高亲和性 (Ki=0 5 1nmol L)的D4受体选择性配体 ,采用还原的胺烷基化反应合成了L 75 0 667的类似物 :3 [4 (4 氟苯甲基 )哌嗪 1 基 ] 甲基 1H 吡咯并 [2 ,3 b]吡啶。同时制备出 [1 8F]标记前体 4 三甲基铵苯甲醛 三氟甲基磺酸盐 ,及用于放射化学合成目标化合物的中间体 3 (哌嗪 1 基 ) 甲基 1H 吡咯 [2 ,3 b]吡啶 ,为放射化学合成 3 [4 (4 [1 8F]氟苯甲基 )哌嗪 1 基 ] 甲基 1H 吡咯并 [2 ,3

用于多巴胺D_4受体体内研究的3-[4-(4-[^(18)F]氟苯甲基)哌嗪-1-基]甲基-1H-吡咯并[2,3-b]吡啶的合成及生物学评价

目的 7 氮杂吲哚的衍生物L 74 5 ,870是一个新的、高亲和性 (Ki=0 4 3nmol·L-1)的多巴胺D4受体选择性配体 ,我们放化合成了其类似结构的新化合物 3 [4 (4 [18F]氟苯甲基 )哌嗪 1 基 ] 甲基 1H 吡咯并 [2 ,3 b]吡啶 ([18F]C) ,并作了大鼠体内生物学评价。方法 ([18F]C)的放化合成是通过 3 (哌嗪 1 基 )甲基 1H 吡咯并 [2 ,3 b]吡啶和 4 氟[18F]苯甲醛的胺烷基化反应完成 ,放化产率为 9 0 %～12 0 % ,放化纯度大于 98% ,比活度高于 37GBq·mol-1。结果 额叶皮质、海巴和延髓等脑区有较高的放射性摄取率 ,分别为 0 4 3%ID/ g和 0 35 %ID/g ;而纹状体、小脑处放射性摄取率较低。结论 大鼠体内的组织分布和代谢物研究表明 :[18F]C在大鼠脑组织区域有特异性分布 。

Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 is required for suppressing D1-dependent signaling mediated through muscarinic 4 in isolated medium spiny neurons

OBJECTIVE Previous studies have demonstrated acetylcholine muscarinic 4(M4) receptor regulates DARPP-32 phosphorylation at Thr75 in isolated medium spiny neurons(MSNs),indicating antagonistic mechanism with D1 dependent signal cascade,but the exact molecular mechanisms remain unclearly.In this study,we investigated the roles of M4 receptor in modulation D1 dependent signal to integrate striatal DA inputs in isolated MSNs.METHODS(1)Lentivirus technology was employed to genetically knock down the M4 receptor of MSNs;(2) Apomorphine(APO),acts as a dopamine receptor agonist,while SCH23390,acts as a selective antagonist for D1,were used to study the pharmacologically profiles with D1 receptor stimulation or blockade,respectively.Then the no subtype-selective muscarinic agonist oxotremorine M(OX) were used to show that mAchRs activation,in order to dissect the particular function of M4,a selective M4 antagonist,MT3 was used;(3) Intracellular cAMP production of MSNs was measured by using time resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer detection method;(4) Laser confocal was used to explore the expression of M4 and D1 in MSNs;(5) Immunofluorescence cytochemistry and Western blotting were used to confirm the alteration of signaling molecular including P-CREB,DARPP-32 P-Thr34,DARPP-32 P-Thr75,cyclin-dependent kinase 5(CDK5) as wel as p25/35,which are involved in DA-dependent signaling modulations.RESULTS Firstly,TR-FRET assay revealed APO(10-2 mol·L^(-1))significantly increased the level of intracellular cAMP(vs control,n=3,P<0.01),also Western blotting results showed that APO(10-6 mol · L^(-1))increased DARPP-32 Thr34 phosphorylation(vs control,n=3,P<0.01),and these effect were reversed by D1 receptor antagonist SCH23390(vs APO,n=3,P<0.01).Interestingly,we confirmed that OX(10-6 mol · L^(-1)) down-regulated APO-induced DARPP-32 Thr34 phosphorylation(vs APO,n=3,P<0.01),due to its effects on DARPP-32 phosphorylation at Thr75.The results presented the antagonistic mechanism of mAchRs stimulation with D1 dependent signal cascade in MSNs.Meanwhile,OX(10-7,10-6 and10^(-5) mol·L^(-1)) stimulated DARPP-32 phosphorylation at Thr75,and simultaneously up regulated P25/35 and CDK5 activity(vs control,n=3,P<0.01) by using Western blotting assay.Furthermore,roscovitine(10^(-5) mol · L^(-1)),acts as a CDK5 inhibitor,suppressed CDK5 activity(vs control,n=10,P<0.01),and fully inhibited OX-induced DARPP-32 Thr75 phosphorylation(vs OX,n=10,P<0.01).More important,pretreated with roscovitine(10^(-5) mol·L^(-1)),the effect of APO on DARPP-32 Thr34 phosphorylation was potentiated(vs APO,n=3,P<0.05).The result presented CDK5 is required in suppression of APO on DARPP-32 Thr34 phosphorylation mediated through mAchRs stimulation.In addition,laser confocal results showed that the CDK5 up-regulation was mostly confined to MSNs co-expressing M4,which means that M4 participated in CDK5-mediated phosphorylation of DARPP-32 at Thr75.Consistently,immunofluorescence and Western blotting results confirmed that both genetic knockdown and pharmacologic inhibition of M4 receptors with MT3(10-7 mol · L^(-1)) down-regulated the OX-induced the expression of CDK5(vs OX,n=3,P<0.01) and P25/35(vs OX,n=3,P<0.01)in isolated MSNs.CONCLUSION M4 receptor may play an important role in antagonistic regulation D1 dependent signaling,in which CDK5 is required for suppressing D1-DARPP-32 Thr34 phosphorylation in isolated medium spiny neurons.

Dopamine D4 Receptor Gene Associated with the Frontal-Striatal-Cerebellar Loop in Children with ADHD: A Resting-State fMRI Study

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder（ADHD）is a common childhood neuropsychiatric disorder that has been linked to the dopaminergic system. This study aimed to investigate the effects of regulation of the dopamine D4 receptor（DRD4） on functional brain activity during the resting state in ADHD children using the methods of regional homogeneity（Re Ho） and functional connectivity（FC）. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data were analyzed in 49 children with ADHD. All participants were classified as either carriers of the DRD44-repeat/4-repeat（4 R/4 R） allele（n = 30） or the DRD42-repeat（2 R） allele（n = 19）. The results showed that participants with the DRD4 2 R allele had decreased Re Ho bilaterally in the posterior lobes of the cerebellum, while Re Ho was increased in the left angular gyrus. Compared with participants carrying the DRD4 4 R/4 R allele, those with the DRD4 2 R allele showed decreased FC to the left angular gyrus in the left striatum, right inferior frontal gyrus, and bilateral lobes of the cerebellum. The increased FC regions included the left superior frontal gyrus, medial frontal gyrus, and rectus gyrus. These data suggest that the DRD4 polymorphisms are associated with localized brain activity and specific functional connections, including abnormality in the frontal-striatal-cerebellar loop. Our study not only enhances the understanding of the correlation between the cerebellar lobes and ADHD, but also provides an imaging basis for explaining the neural mechanisms underlying ADHD in children.

双生子儿童体型相关指标的遗传度及与DRD 3基因单核苷酸多态性的相关性分析

为探讨遗传与环境因素对双生子儿童体型相关指标的相对效应,初步了解多巴胺D 3受体基因(dopamine D 3 receptor,DRD 3)单核苷酸多态性(single nucleotide polymorphism,SNP)对其发育的影响,对160对4~12岁双生子儿童的身高、体重、腰围、臀围进行测量,计算体质指数(body mass index,BMI)和腰臀比(waist-hip ratio,WHR)。从口腔拭子中提取全基因组DNA,采用SNaPshot技术对DRD 3基因4个SNP位点进行检测;运用MX软件拟合最佳结构方程模型,估算各指标遗传度;运用广义估计方程模型分析各指标与DRD 3基因SNP的相关性。结果发现:(1)各指标拟合的最佳结构方程模型均为ACE,校正年龄后,除女生臀围(学龄前22%,学龄70%)外,其余各指标遗传度均为学龄前期(男生身高92%、体重93%、BMI 92%、腰围86%、臀围86%、WHR 71%,女生身高92%、体重90%、BMI 92%、腰围86%、WHR 51%)不同程度高于学龄期(男生身高73%、体重70%、BMI 64%、腰围54%、臀围70%、WHR 43%,女生身高73%、体重47%、BMI 61%、腰围27%、WHR 43%);学龄前期体重、臀围及WHR,学龄期体重、BMI、腰围等指标遗传度存在一定的性别差异;(2)体重分别与rs 167771、rs 226082存在相关(P<0.05),身高与rs 324029存在相关(P<0.05),腰围与rs 167771存在相关(P<0.05),臀围与rs 226082存在相关(P<0.01),WHR分别与rs 324029、rs 167771、rs 226082存在相关(P<0.05)。研究结果表明:遗传和环境因素对儿童体型发育均有影响,但遗传效应可能存在一定的发育阶段和性别差异;DRD 3基因rs 324029、rs 167771、rs 226082与双生子儿童体型发育可能存在一定相关性。

DRD4基因多态性与鸡繁殖性状的相关性分析

旨在分析多巴胺受体4基因(dopamine receptor 4,DRD4)多态性与鸡繁殖性状的关系。对DRD4基因共设计3对引物,筛选出7个多态位点,对瑶山鸡母系60个个体进行了与繁殖性状的关联分析。结果表明:DRD4基因5365(C→T)、5747(C→T)对开产日龄存在显著影响(P<0.05);5546(G→A)对首次就巢日龄、首次就巢持续时间和300日龄就巢次数存在显著影响(P<0.05)。结果提示:DRD4基因5365(C→T)、5747(C→T)可作为开产日龄辅助选择标记;DRD4基因5546(G→A)可作为首次就巢日龄、首次就巢持续时间和300日龄就巢次数辅助选择标记。

精神分裂症与多巴胺D_4受体基因及载脂蛋白E基因的关联分析

目的 探讨上海地区汉族人群载脂蛋白E(apoE)基因、多巴胺D4 受体 (DRD4)基因与精神分裂症的易患性、患者的性别、发病年龄以及病程之间的关系。方法 应用聚合酶链反应扩增技术及限制性片段长度多态性对 80例精神分裂症患者和 80名正常人分别测定apoE、D4基因型和等位基因。结果 (1 )患者组apoE等位基因ε2 频率明显高于对照组 ,与精神分裂症呈显著正关联 [相对危险度 (RR) =2 0 1 ,P <0 0 5] ;而且患者组男性等位基因ε2 频率明显高于对照组男性 ,与精神分裂症呈显著正关联 (RR =8 5l,P <0 0 5)。 (2 )DRD4基因与精神分裂症无关联 ,但是发病年龄与A2 ,A4等位基因及性别与 4/ 4基因型有关联 (P <0 0 5) ;(3)患者组与对照组携带ε4 与非携带ε4 间比较 ,DRD4基因的基因型和等位基因频率均无差异。患者组和对照组的组内携带ε4 与非携带ε4 间比较的差异均有显著性 ,对照组携带ε4 组的DRD4基因型 4/ 4 (85 % )和等位基因A4(89% )频率均明显高于非携带ε4组 (55 % ,67% ) ,而非携带ε4 组的等位基因A2 (2 9% )频率高于携带ε4 组 (1 2 % ) ;患者组非携带ε4 组的DRD4基因型 2 / 2 (1 3 % )和等位基因A2 (2 4 % )频率均高于携带ε4 组 (0 % ,8% )。结论 (1 )

Etiological characteristics and treatment of tardive dyskinesia

OBJECTIVE ： The pathogenesis of tardive dyskinesia （TD） is complicated and uncertain, Thus, there is not any effective treatment for it. The psychiatrists pay more and more attention to TD, which lasts for a long time and is difficult to treat. DATA SOURCES： A computer-based online search of Medline database was undertaken to identify articles about the feature of etiology and the progression of treatment for TD published in English by using the keywords of ＂rD, etiology, pathogenesis＂ and ＂TD, therapy, drug treatment＂. Meanwhile, Chinese articles about the feature of etiology and the progression of treatment for TD were searched in Wanfang database and China journal full-text database, and the keywords were ＂TD, etiology, pathogenesis＂ and ＂TD, therapy, drug Treatment＂ in Chinese. STUDY SELECTION： Articles met the following inclusion criteria were selected in this paper. Inclusion criteria： （1） Researches of randomized blind control design, before and after control design and retrospective. （2） Researches of the feature of etiology and the progression of treatment for TD. Exclusion criteria： the repetitive researches and individual reports. DATA EXTRACTION ： Totally 65 articles related the feature of etiology and the progression of treatment for TD of randomized blind control design, before and after control design and retrospective studies were collected, and 53 of them were accorded with the inclusion criteria. Of the 12 excluded ones, 8 were concerning with genetics, 4 were repetitive researches. DATA SYNTHESIS ： The feature of etiology for TD includes：（1） Hypothesis of dopamine receptor super-sensitivity： The dopamine receptor is persistently blocked, so it will result in functional disorder in CNS, and then TD may take place. （2）） Hypothesis of neuronal degeneration： The concentration of aminosuccinic acid and glutamic acid will increase after the antipsychotic used for a long time and this will result in neuronal degeneration through glutamic acid receptor in the postsynaptic membrane; meanwhile with free radical, the nerve cells of corpus striatum may degenerate and become necrosis. （3） Sex and age： The females and gerontal patients are liability to the TD disease. It is may related to the lower estrogen. （4） Molecule heredity： TD may association with the dopamine and 5-HT receptor gene polymorphism. （5） Other theories： Hypofunction of γ-amino-butyri acid （GABA）, hypothesis of noradrenaline 5-serotonin and nutrition metabolism can cause TD disease. Treatlent for TD： （1） Dopamine receptor agonist： The therapeutic effect is not satisfactory, especially for gerontism females. （2） Oxygen free radical scavenger： As represent of vitamin E, it can clear out free radicals and reduce the potential cytotoxic effect of free radicals. （3） Calcium channel blocker： This maybe related to block calcium ions releasing from muscle cells and inhibit muscle convulsion; therefore, it can be used for symptomatic treatment. （4） GABA receptor agonist： It is more effective for the prominent dysmyotonia than dancing slowly symptom. （5） Antipsychotic： There is some therapeutic effect with ciozapine, but the effect will reduce because of the age growing up and the symptom exacerbating. （6） Other therapies： Valproate sodium, cyproheptadine, melatonin, branched chain amino acid, ahalysantinfarctasum, electric acupuncture and injection ad acumen, traditional Chinese drug have a certain effects on TD. Prevention of TD： The serum creatine phosphokinase （CPK） combined with symptoms should be checked regularly so as to early discovery TD. CONCLUSION ： （1） Etiology of TD： The hypothesis of dopamine receptor super-sensitivity is denyed; the hypothesis of neuronal degeneration is approved in academic circles; the sex and age is a finding of generally received; but the dopamine and 5-HT receptor gene polymorphism, hypofunction of GABA, noradrenaline, 5-serotonin and nutrition metabolism cannot explain the pathogenesis of TD. （2） Treatment for TD： The therapeutic effect of dopamine receptor agonist is not satisfactory; the oxygen free radical scavenger maybe effective; calcium channel blocker maybe used for symptomatic treatment; GABA receptor agonist maybe more effective for the prominent dysmyotonia than dancing slowly symptom; the consequence of antipsychotic is discrepancy; other therapies maybe use to adjunctive therapies. （3） As far as prevention of TD is concerned, and the serum CPK combined with symptoms should be checked regularly so as to early discovery TD.

幼儿气质的相关因素研究

【目的】 探讨影响幼儿气质的相关因素。 【方法】 对 2 3 4名合格对象采用PCR、VNTR多态性分析技术 ,检测其DRD4exonⅢ 48bpVNTR ;用TTS测查其气质 ;用家庭因素问卷了解其家庭环境因素。 【结果】 幼儿气质类型与性别、父亲对子女不良行为采用说理的教育方法 ,父母亲生活规律、父亲性格随和、母乳喂养、产伤、脐带绕颈、出生体重有关 ;幼儿气质维度与性别、父亲 (或母亲 )对子女不良行为的处理方法、父母亲及带领人文化程度、父母离异、是否经常感冒、父母亲生活规律、DRD4exonⅢ 48bpVNTR等因素有关 ,影响注意力分散度的因素由强到弱依次是 :DRD4exonⅢ 48bpVNTR >母亲文化程度 >父亲生活规律。 【结论】 幼儿气质受家庭环境和DRD4ex onⅢ

^(18)F-FMTP的放射化学合成

8 甲氧基 3 (4 氟苄基) 1,2,3,4 四氢苯并吡喃[3,4 c]吡啶 5 酮(FMTP)作为选择性多巴胺D4受体拮抗剂显示出高的亲和性和选择性(与D4受体的结合常数Ki=4.3nmol/L,与D2受体的结合常数Ki>5800nmol/L)。文章采用三氟甲基磺酸 4 三甲基铵苯甲醛为前体,完成了18F标记的亲核取代反应,用18F标记的中间体同8 甲氧基 1,2,3,4 四氢苯并吡喃[3,4 c]吡啶 5 酮完成胺烷基化反应,得到目标产物8 甲氧基 3 (4 [18F]氟苄基) 1,2,3,4 四氢苯并吡喃[3,4 c]吡啶 5 酮(18F FMTP)。产物的总合成时间(包括高效液相纯化)为110min,放化产率为19.5%,放化纯度大于98%,比活度高于37GBq/μmol。

多巴胺系统基因对注意网络的调控作用

多巴胺是脑内重要的神经递质之一,与注意活动紧密相关。本文选取作用于突触前膜、间隙和后膜的多巴胺系统基因——多巴胺转运蛋白基因、儿茶酚氧化甲基转移酶基因和多巴胺受体基因,整合影像遗传学研究,探讨多巴胺基因对注意网络的调控。元分析发现背侧和腹侧注意网络的主要脑区均有较大的基因调控效应,且腹侧网络的效应值显著大于背侧网络,表明多巴胺系统基因在全脑范围内调控注意网络,且对腹侧网络的调控作用强于背侧网络。