[ Objective] The paper aimed to explore the dose-reduced pesticide control technique of Bradysia odoriphaga Yang et Zhang. [ Method] The field trids were carried out by routine spraying method, and the control effects...[ Objective] The paper aimed to explore the dose-reduced pesticide control technique of Bradysia odoriphaga Yang et Zhang. [ Method] The field trids were carried out by routine spraying method, and the control effects of mixtures of Beichuang （ Liangfenbao and Jianweikang） and less dose of phoxim than conrentional against B. odoriphaga larvae were examined. [Result] The results indicated that the control effects of mixtures （containing 14% of Liandeibao or Jian- veikang and 30% -40% less phoxim than conventional dosage） against B. odoriphaga larvae were 84.01% -2.46% and 81.07% -86.12%, respectively. The mntrol effects were equivalent to the conventional dose of phoxim （89.42%）. [ Conclusion] When Beichuang is mixed with phoxim in controlling B. odor/phaga arvae, the suitable reduction level of phoxim is 30% -40%.展开更多
Purpose: To test the concept of Statistical Process Control (SPC) as a Quality Assurance (QA) procedure for dose verifications in external beam radiation therapy in conventional and 3D Conformal Radiotherapy (3D-CRT) ...Purpose: To test the concept of Statistical Process Control (SPC) as a Quality Assurance (QA) procedure for dose verifications in external beam radiation therapy in conventional and 3D Conformal Radiotherapy (3D-CRT) treatment of cervical cancer. Materials and Methods: A study of QA verification of target doses of 198 cervical cancer patients undergoing External Beam Radiotherapy (EBRT) treatments at two different cancer treatment centers in Kenya was conducted. The target doses were determined from measured entrance doses by the diode in vivo dosimetry. Process Behavior Charts (PBC) developed by SPC were applied for setting Action Thresholds (AT) on the target doses. The AT set was then proposed as QA limits for acceptance or rejection of verified target doses overtime of the EBRT process. Result and Discussion: Target doses for the 198 patients were calculated and SPC applied to test whether the action limits set by the Process Behavior Charts could be applied as QA for verified doses in EBRT. Results for the two sub-groups of n = 3 and n = 4 that were tested produced action thresholds which are within clinical dose specifications for both conventional AP/PA and 3D-CRT EBRT treatment techniques for cervical cancer. Conclusion: Action thresholds set by SPC were within the clinical dose specification of ±5% uncertainty for both conventional AP/PA and 3D-CRT EBRT treatment techniques for cervical cancer. So the concept of SPC could be applied in setting QA action limits for dose verifications in EBRT.展开更多
Selective Catalyst Reduction（SCR）Urea Dosing System（UDS）directly affects the system accuracy and the dynamic response performance of a vehicle.However,the UDS dynamic response is hard to keep up with the changes o...Selective Catalyst Reduction（SCR）Urea Dosing System（UDS）directly affects the system accuracy and the dynamic response performance of a vehicle.However,the UDS dynamic response is hard to keep up with the changes of the engine＇s operating conditions.That will lead to low NO_χconversion efficiency or NH_3 slip.In order to optimize the injection accuracy and the response speed of the UDS in dynamic conditions,an advanced control strategy based on an air-assisted volumetric UDS is presented.It covers the methods of flow compensation and switching working conditions.The strategy is authenticated on an UDS and tested in different dynamic conditions.The result shows that the control strategy discussed results in higher dynamic accuracy and faster dynamic response speed of UDS.The inject deviation range is improved from being between-8%and 10%to-4%and 2%and became more stable than before,and the dynamic response time was shortened from 200 ms to 150 ms.The ETC cycle result shows that after using the new strategy the NH_3 emission is reduced by 60%,and the NO_χemission remains almost unchanged.The trade-off between NO_χconversion efficiency and NH_3 slip is mitigated.The studied flow compensation and switching working conditions can improve the dynamic performance of the UDS significantly and make the UDS dynamic response keep up with the changes of the engine＇s operating conditions quickly.展开更多
The main role of water treatment plants is to supply high-quality safe drinking water. Coagulation is one of the most important stages of surface water treatment. The photometric dispersion analyzer(PDA) is a new opti...The main role of water treatment plants is to supply high-quality safe drinking water. Coagulation is one of the most important stages of surface water treatment. The photometric dispersion analyzer(PDA) is a new optical method for flocculation monitoring, and is feasible to realize coagulation feedback control. The on line modification of the coagulation control system' s set point( or optimum dosing coagulant) has influenced the application of this technology in water treatment plant for a long time. A fuzzy control system incorporating the photometric dispersion analyzer was utilized in this coagulation control system. Proposed is a fuzzy logic inference control system by using Takagi and Sugeno' s fuzzy if-then rule for the self-correction of set point on line. Programmed is the dosing rate fuzzy control system in SIEMENS small-scale programmable logic controller. A 400 L/min middle-scale water treatment plant was utilized to simulate the reaction. With the changes of raw water quality, the set point was modified correctly in time, as well as coagulant dosing rate, and residual turbility before filtration was eligible and stable. Results show that this fuzzy inference and control system performs well on the coagulation control system through PDA.展开更多
The principle and working process of Vacuum Resin Shot Dosing Equipment(VRSDE) are analyzed and the characteristics of IP1612-220PLC (Programmable Logical Controller) areintroduced briefly at first. Then the authors d...The principle and working process of Vacuum Resin Shot Dosing Equipment(VRSDE) are analyzed and the characteristics of IP1612-220PLC (Programmable Logical Controller) areintroduced briefly at first. Then the authors discuss the flow of program, the assignment of PLCI/O ports, the wiring diagram, and the ladder logic program of the PLC control system of VRSDE indetail. Some application issues of the system are accounted for in addition. Finally, according tothe information acquired from users, the authors draw the conclusion: this system owns a highreliability and a-vailability and greatly improves the automatic degree of VRDE.展开更多
The use of opioid analgesics has created an opioid addiction epidemic in the United States and around the world. One of the main responsibilities of the emergency department is to address acute pain. In this paper we ...The use of opioid analgesics has created an opioid addiction epidemic in the United States and around the world. One of the main responsibilities of the emergency department is to address acute pain. In this paper we examine the use of low dose ketamine as a safe substitute for opioid analgesics. Types of pain are identified using prior established taxonomy, followed by discussing types of management and treatments. The opioid epidemic and its societal implications are considered. We also examine the side effects of ketamine and the use of ketamine as an adjunct to analgesics used for pain control. Recommendations and considerations for the use of ketamine are suggested, and a low dose ketamine administration sample hospital policy is reviewed.展开更多
While the incidence of toddlers’ diabetes is soaring,their mainstay insulins were withdrawn,namely the weak 10% or 20% insulin mixtures (WIM),which were injected only once or twice daily.Consequently,toddlers are coe...While the incidence of toddlers’ diabetes is soaring,their mainstay insulins were withdrawn,namely the weak 10% or 20% insulin mixtures (WIM),which were injected only once or twice daily.Consequently,toddlers are coerced to use an insulin pump,multi-dose insulin regime (MuDIR),mix or dilute insulins.This paper highlights the difficulties and proposes a simple solution.While an insulin pump is the best available option,it is not readily available for everyone.Mixing insulins is not sufficiently precise in small doses.Although diluting insulin would allow precise dosing and reduce the dose variability secondary to dribbling after injections,it,like insulin mixing,deprives children from using the pen and related child-friendly accessories.In MuDIR,we inject 4-5 small doses of insulin instead of 1-2 daily larger doses of WIM.Thus,on using a half unit (unit) insulin pen,a dose of 0.5,1,1.5 and 2 units are adjusted in steps of 100%,50%,33% or 25%;unlike the advisable 5%-20%.This does not easily match the tiny erratic meals of grazing toddlers.Maternal anxiety peaks on watching yo-yoing glycemia.Carers have to accept either persistently high sugar or wild fluctuation.The risks of such poor glycemic pattern are increasingly recognized.Using insulin U20 in a unit disposable pen allows deci-unit dosing,with 5%-20% dose-tuning,greater accuracy on delivering small doses and reduction of dose variability from dribbling.Deci-unit dosing may help avoid wide glycemic swings and provide the affordable alternative to insulin pumps for toddlers.Deci-unit pen materializes the Human Rights of Children,a safer and effective treatment.展开更多
基金Supported by Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest(201303027)
文摘[ Objective] The paper aimed to explore the dose-reduced pesticide control technique of Bradysia odoriphaga Yang et Zhang. [ Method] The field trids were carried out by routine spraying method, and the control effects of mixtures of Beichuang （ Liangfenbao and Jianweikang） and less dose of phoxim than conrentional against B. odoriphaga larvae were examined. [Result] The results indicated that the control effects of mixtures （containing 14% of Liandeibao or Jian- veikang and 30% -40% less phoxim than conventional dosage） against B. odoriphaga larvae were 84.01% -2.46% and 81.07% -86.12%, respectively. The mntrol effects were equivalent to the conventional dose of phoxim （89.42%）. [ Conclusion] When Beichuang is mixed with phoxim in controlling B. odor/phaga arvae, the suitable reduction level of phoxim is 30% -40%.
文摘Purpose: To test the concept of Statistical Process Control (SPC) as a Quality Assurance (QA) procedure for dose verifications in external beam radiation therapy in conventional and 3D Conformal Radiotherapy (3D-CRT) treatment of cervical cancer. Materials and Methods: A study of QA verification of target doses of 198 cervical cancer patients undergoing External Beam Radiotherapy (EBRT) treatments at two different cancer treatment centers in Kenya was conducted. The target doses were determined from measured entrance doses by the diode in vivo dosimetry. Process Behavior Charts (PBC) developed by SPC were applied for setting Action Thresholds (AT) on the target doses. The AT set was then proposed as QA limits for acceptance or rejection of verified target doses overtime of the EBRT process. Result and Discussion: Target doses for the 198 patients were calculated and SPC applied to test whether the action limits set by the Process Behavior Charts could be applied as QA for verified doses in EBRT. Results for the two sub-groups of n = 3 and n = 4 that were tested produced action thresholds which are within clinical dose specifications for both conventional AP/PA and 3D-CRT EBRT treatment techniques for cervical cancer. Conclusion: Action thresholds set by SPC were within the clinical dose specification of ±5% uncertainty for both conventional AP/PA and 3D-CRT EBRT treatment techniques for cervical cancer. So the concept of SPC could be applied in setting QA action limits for dose verifications in EBRT.
基金Supported by National Hi-tech Research and Development Program of China(863 Program,Grant No.2012AA111708)
文摘Selective Catalyst Reduction（SCR）Urea Dosing System（UDS）directly affects the system accuracy and the dynamic response performance of a vehicle.However,the UDS dynamic response is hard to keep up with the changes of the engine＇s operating conditions.That will lead to low NO_χconversion efficiency or NH_3 slip.In order to optimize the injection accuracy and the response speed of the UDS in dynamic conditions,an advanced control strategy based on an air-assisted volumetric UDS is presented.It covers the methods of flow compensation and switching working conditions.The strategy is authenticated on an UDS and tested in different dynamic conditions.The result shows that the control strategy discussed results in higher dynamic accuracy and faster dynamic response speed of UDS.The inject deviation range is improved from being between-8%and 10%to-4%and 2%and became more stable than before,and the dynamic response time was shortened from 200 ms to 150 ms.The ETC cycle result shows that after using the new strategy the NH_3 emission is reduced by 60%,and the NO_χemission remains almost unchanged.The trade-off between NO_χconversion efficiency and NH_3 slip is mitigated.The studied flow compensation and switching working conditions can improve the dynamic performance of the UDS significantly and make the UDS dynamic response keep up with the changes of the engine＇s operating conditions quickly.
基金Sponsored by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant No. 2003033332)Scientific Research Foundation of Harbin Institute of Technology (Grant No. HIT2002.24)
文摘The main role of water treatment plants is to supply high-quality safe drinking water. Coagulation is one of the most important stages of surface water treatment. The photometric dispersion analyzer(PDA) is a new optical method for flocculation monitoring, and is feasible to realize coagulation feedback control. The on line modification of the coagulation control system' s set point( or optimum dosing coagulant) has influenced the application of this technology in water treatment plant for a long time. A fuzzy control system incorporating the photometric dispersion analyzer was utilized in this coagulation control system. Proposed is a fuzzy logic inference control system by using Takagi and Sugeno' s fuzzy if-then rule for the self-correction of set point on line. Programmed is the dosing rate fuzzy control system in SIEMENS small-scale programmable logic controller. A 400 L/min middle-scale water treatment plant was utilized to simulate the reaction. With the changes of raw water quality, the set point was modified correctly in time, as well as coagulant dosing rate, and residual turbility before filtration was eligible and stable. Results show that this fuzzy inference and control system performs well on the coagulation control system through PDA.
文摘The principle and working process of Vacuum Resin Shot Dosing Equipment(VRSDE) are analyzed and the characteristics of IP1612-220PLC (Programmable Logical Controller) areintroduced briefly at first. Then the authors discuss the flow of program, the assignment of PLCI/O ports, the wiring diagram, and the ladder logic program of the PLC control system of VRSDE indetail. Some application issues of the system are accounted for in addition. Finally, according tothe information acquired from users, the authors draw the conclusion: this system owns a highreliability and a-vailability and greatly improves the automatic degree of VRDE.
文摘The use of opioid analgesics has created an opioid addiction epidemic in the United States and around the world. One of the main responsibilities of the emergency department is to address acute pain. In this paper we examine the use of low dose ketamine as a safe substitute for opioid analgesics. Types of pain are identified using prior established taxonomy, followed by discussing types of management and treatments. The opioid epidemic and its societal implications are considered. We also examine the side effects of ketamine and the use of ketamine as an adjunct to analgesics used for pain control. Recommendations and considerations for the use of ketamine are suggested, and a low dose ketamine administration sample hospital policy is reviewed.
文摘While the incidence of toddlers’ diabetes is soaring,their mainstay insulins were withdrawn,namely the weak 10% or 20% insulin mixtures (WIM),which were injected only once or twice daily.Consequently,toddlers are coerced to use an insulin pump,multi-dose insulin regime (MuDIR),mix or dilute insulins.This paper highlights the difficulties and proposes a simple solution.While an insulin pump is the best available option,it is not readily available for everyone.Mixing insulins is not sufficiently precise in small doses.Although diluting insulin would allow precise dosing and reduce the dose variability secondary to dribbling after injections,it,like insulin mixing,deprives children from using the pen and related child-friendly accessories.In MuDIR,we inject 4-5 small doses of insulin instead of 1-2 daily larger doses of WIM.Thus,on using a half unit (unit) insulin pen,a dose of 0.5,1,1.5 and 2 units are adjusted in steps of 100%,50%,33% or 25%;unlike the advisable 5%-20%.This does not easily match the tiny erratic meals of grazing toddlers.Maternal anxiety peaks on watching yo-yoing glycemia.Carers have to accept either persistently high sugar or wild fluctuation.The risks of such poor glycemic pattern are increasingly recognized.Using insulin U20 in a unit disposable pen allows deci-unit dosing,with 5%-20% dose-tuning,greater accuracy on delivering small doses and reduction of dose variability from dribbling.Deci-unit dosing may help avoid wide glycemic swings and provide the affordable alternative to insulin pumps for toddlers.Deci-unit pen materializes the Human Rights of Children,a safer and effective treatment.
