Effective dynamics for a spin-1/2 particle constrained to a curved layer with inhomogeneous thickness

We derive an effective Hamiltonian for a spin-1/2 particle confined within a curved thin layer with non-uniform thickness using the confining potential approach.Our analysis reveals the presence of a pseudo-magnetic field and effective spin–orbit interaction(SOI)arising from the curvature,as well as an effective scalar potential resulting from variations in thickness.Importantly,we demonstrate that the physical effect of additional SOI from thickness fluctuations vanishes in low-dimensional systems,thus guaranteeing the robustness of spin interference measurements to thickness imperfection.Furthermore,we establish the applicability of the effective Hamiltonian in both symmetric and asymmetric confinement scenarios,which is crucial for its utilization in one-side etching systems.

A Review of Geothermal Type-Curves with Damage Effect: A Case of Practical Apply to a Mexican Geothermal Field

A review of the art state was developed about the inflow relationships and their application for reservoir characterization. The theoretical development of the methodology for determining the damage effect using type-curves of the inflow relationships was shown. We show the process followed for achieve the geothermal type-curve affected with damage for reservoirs with mean salinities of 30000 ppm and temperatures up to 350℃. This type-curve was applied using measurement production data in a Mexican geothermal field. According with the obtained results is shown that the methodology for determining the damage effect using production measurements is a sure alternative for the damage effect calculation. It was used an alternative methodology in order to validate the damage presence and the obtained results were consistent. Last thing shows that both methodologies can be combined as a confident manner.

Curved surface effect and emission on silicon nanostructures

The curved surface （CS） effect on nanosilicon plays a main role in the activation for emission and photonic manipulation. The CS effect breaks the symmetrical shape of nanosilicon on which some bonds can produce localized electron states in the band gap. The investigation in calculation and experiment demonstrates that the different curvatures can form the characteristic electron states for some special bonding on the nanosilicon surface, which are related to a series of peaks in photoluminecience （PL）, such as LN, LNO, Lo1, and Lo2 lines in PL spectra due to Si-N, Si-NO, Si=O, and Si-O-Si bonds on curved surface, respectively. Si-Yb bond on curved surface of Si nanostructures can provide the localized states in the band gap deeply and manipulate the emission wavelength into the window of optical communication by the CS effect, which is marked as the Lyb line of electroluminescence （EL） emission.

Development of seismic fragility curves for precast concrete frames with cast-in-situ concrete shear-walls

Precast reinforced concrete buildings have been well received in some seismic zones worldwide due to advantages such as the ease and the speed of implementation,and the possibility of working in inappropriate atmospheric conditions.In this research,seismic fragility curves were developed for precast concrete frames with a cast-in-situ concrete shear-wall,concerning the important issues of modeling the precast beam-column joints,construction quality,and soil type effects.For this purpose,the incremental dynamic analysis(IDA)was conducted for three-dimensional models of 3-,5-,and 8-story buildings under two record sets corresponding to soil types C and D of the NEHRP code.Beam-column joints were modeled using nonlinear rotational springs with rigid links with respect to the finite size of the joint panel.Results demonstrate that the Weibull distribution can be fitted to the damage state capacities better than the lognormal distribution at the intensities that are more than one standard deviation away from the median damage capacity.The seismic vulnerability of precast structures increases at all damage states as the height of the building increases.It is also observed that soil type has almost no considerable effect on the fragility curve parameters for all damage states considered herein.

Gravitational Faraday effect in curved space-time induced by high-power lasers

Gravitational field produced by high-power laser is calculated according to the linearized Einstein field equation in weak field approximation. Gravitational Faraday effect of electromagnetic wave propagating in the above gravitational field is studied and the rotation angle of polarization plane of electromagnetic wave is derived. The result is discussed and estimated under the condition of present experiment facility.

Matrix effect suppressing in the element analysis of soils by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy with acoustic correction

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy(LIBS)has been used for soil analysis,but its measurement accuracy is often influenced by matrix effects of different kinds of soils.In this work,a method for matrix effect suppressing was developed using laser-induced plasma acoustic signals to correct the original spectrum,thereby improving the analysis accuracy of the soil elements.A good linear relationship was investigated firstly between the original spectral intensity and the acoustic signals.The relative standard deviations(RSDs)of Mg,Ca,Sr,and Ba elements were then calculated for both the original spectrum and the spectrum with the acoustic correction,and the RSDs were significantly reduced with the acoustic correction.Finally,calibration curves of MgⅠ285.213 nm,CaⅠ422.673 nm,SrⅠ460.733 nm and BaⅡ455.403 nm were established to assess the analytical performance of the proposed acoustic correction method.The values of the determination coefficient(R~2)of the calibration curves for Mg,Ca,Sr,and Ba elements,corrected by the acoustic amplitude,are improved from 0.9845,0.9588,0.6165,and 0.6490 to 0.9876,0.9677,0.8768,and 0.8209,respectively.The values of R~2 of the calibration curves corrected by the acoustic energy are further improved to 0.9917,0.9827,0.8835,and 0.8694,respectively.These results suggest that the matrix effect of LIBS on soils can be clearly improved by using acoustic correction,and acoustic energy correction works more efficiently than acoustic amplitude correction.This work provides a simple and efficient method for correcting matrix effects in the element analysis of soils by acoustic signals.

Discrimination of Structural Isomers of Aromatic Compounds with EI Mass Spectra and Their Ionization Efficiency Curves of Dehydrogenated Fragment Ions

The mechanism of ionization and fragmentation for terphenyl (diphenylbenzene) with three structural ring isomers (ortho-, meta- and para-), and stilbene (1,2-diphenylethylene) with two geometrical isomers (trans- and cis-) by EI mass spectrometry and ionization efficiency curves are investigation.

Experimental Study and Fragility Analysis of Effective-Length Factors in Column Buckling

The design of columns relies heavily on the basis of Leonhard Euler’s Theory of Elastic Buckling.However,to increase the accuracy in determining the maximum critical load a column can withstand before buckling,a constant was introduced.This dimensionless coefficient is K,also known as the effective-length factor.This constant is often found in building design codes and varies in value depending on the type of column support that is applied.This paper presents experimental and analytical studies on the determination of the effective-length factor in the buckling stability of columns with partially-fixed support conditions.To this end,the accurate K value of the columns tested by the Instron Testing Machine(ITM)at California State University,Northridge’s(CSUN’s)Mechanics Laboratory is determined.The ITM is used in studying the buckling of columns where the supports are neither pinned nor fixed,and the material cross-section rather rests upon the machine while loading is applied axially.Several column specimens were tested and the experimental data were analyzed in order to estimation of the accurate effective-length factor.The calculations from the tested results as well as the conducted probabilistic analysis shed light on how a fragility curve may aid in predicting the effective-length value of future tests.

曲线轨道式隔震装置的结构优化与应用研究

针对浮放物体的防震保护需求,研发出一款基于新型抗侧移组件的曲线轨道式隔震装置。阐述它的构造特点和运行机制,并依据结构原理制作模型,通过试验与理论对比来检验模型的运行质量进而验证方案的可行性。然后结合雨花阁内文物来设计样机,采用多条楼面波进行样机的振动台试验,测试其隔震效果。最后探讨建筑滤波效应对该类隔震装置设计的影响。研究结果表明:曲线轨道式隔震装置经优化后不仅零部件功能清晰,结构简单易加工,而且具备整体性强、运行质量高以及后期可扩展等优势。试验模型的零部件能充分发挥各自功能,尤其是抗侧移组件极大提高了模型的稳定性和可靠性,理论分析与试验结果吻合良好。结合案例所设计的样机虽具有较好的隔震性能,但限于非线性双自由度的结构特点,重复试验的响应结果存在差异,工程应用中应予以重视。当楼面波不易获取且隔震装置周期远离建筑自振周期时,依据楼面加速度放大系数,将调幅后的原始波作为隔震装置设计依据是可行的且结果偏保守。

肾小管及肾小球标志物在2型糖尿病患者不同肾损伤阶段诊断价值的研究

目的探讨肾小管及肾小球相关标志物在2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes mellitus,T2DM)患者不同肾损伤阶段的诊断价值。方法选取于2018年4月1日至2019年10月31日入住首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院内分泌科的T2DM患者272例,完善临床生化指标及尿蛋白四项:尿微量白蛋白/肌酐(urinary albumin to creatinine ratio,ACR)、α1-微球蛋白/肌酐(urinary α1-microglobulin to creatinine ratio,UA1CR)、免疫球蛋白G/肌酐(urinary immunoglobulin G to creatinine ratio,UIGG)、转铁蛋白/肌酐(urinary transferrin to creatinine ratio,UTRF);进行眼底照相、核医学99mTc-EC检测肾有效血浆流量(effective renal plasma flow,ERPF)和99mTc-DTPA检测肾小球滤过率(glomerular filtration rate,GFR)。根据ACR和眼底检查结果分为4组:正常蛋白尿无糖尿病视网膜病变(diabetic retinopathy,DR)132例,即对照组(ACR≤30 mg/g);正常蛋白尿合并DR 32例,为糖尿病肾病(diabetic kidney disease,DKD)前期组;微量蛋白尿组78例(30<ACR≤300 mg/g)和大量蛋白尿组30例(ACR>300 mg/g)。比较四组间尿蛋白四项和ERPF、GFR的水平,通过受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线评价上述各指标在不同肾损伤阶段的诊断价值。结果尿蛋白四项和ERPF、GFR的水平在不同组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。在尿蛋白正常组中,DR组中肾小管功能标志物UA1CR较对照组明显升高(P<0.01);肾小球功能标志物ACR、UTRF和GFR在两组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),DR组UIGG较对照组升高(P<0.01)。在微量蛋白尿组和大量蛋白尿组,尿蛋白四项随肾损伤程度增加而增加,而ERPF和GFR随肾损伤程度增加而降低。ROC曲线分析显示,在尿蛋白排出正常的T2DM患者中合并DR组中肾小管功能标志物UA1CR和ERPF的曲线下面积(area under the curve,AUC)分别为68.2%(P<0.01)和60.5%(P<0.05),而肾小球功能标志物ACR和GFR的AUC均小于60%,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。尿蛋白四项及GFR在微量和大量蛋白尿组的AUC均大于60%(P<0.05),ERPF在大量蛋白尿组AUC为67.2%(P<0.05)。结论T2DM极早期微血管改变即ACR正常仅有DR时,肾小管标志物UA1CR先于肾小球标志物ACR和GFR发生变化。肾损伤早期,肾小管标志物诊断效能优于肾小球;肾损伤后期,肾小球标志物诊断效能优于肾小管。提示DKD肾小管功能的改变可能早于肾小球。

不同加载条件下含瓦斯煤岩强度极限邻域范围研究

煤与瓦斯突出灾害的发生机理尚不清楚,据流变假说,含瓦斯煤岩在长期载荷下可能进入“强度极限邻域”,此时受外部冲击扰动更易破坏。为研究不同加载条件下含瓦斯煤岩的“强度极限邻域”,以找到进入该状态的影响规律,并建立相应的微观判别标准,利用自主研发的岩石流变扰动效应三轴试验系统和煤岩流变扰动效应渗流实验装置,开展不同围压、不同瓦斯压力、轴压下的含瓦斯煤岩流变扰动实验,通过核磁共振手段对流变扰动前后煤岩进行分析对比,得到不同加载条件下的孔隙率、孔径分布、T_(2)谱曲线。试验结果表明:①不同加载条件下的煤岩流变过程中,存在一个应力阈值,可以使得煤岩在受到外部冲击扰动后阈值左右邻域有不同力学性质的表现;当施加力小于此阈值时,冲击扰动后,煤岩的孔隙度减小,煤样随之被压缩紧密,T_(2)谱曲线中代表大孔径的谱峰降低,谱峰曲线左移;当施加力大于此阈值时,冲击扰动后,煤岩大孔径孔隙增多,T_(2)谱曲线出现右移,所有谱峰高度增大,说明该应力阈值是用来判断煤岩是否进入“强度极限邻域”关键。②围压和瓦斯压力对煤岩的影响具有相反的力学作用性质,在抗压能力、损伤程度、长期强度、“强度极限邻域”中有所表现,其中,围压越大,煤岩越晚进入“强度极限邻域”,瓦斯压力越大,煤岩则越早进入该邻域。③煤岩的孔径分布、T_(2)谱曲线能直观反映了煤岩“强度极限邻域”内、外微观变化特征。④通过煤岩孔隙率所确定的进入“强度极限邻域”时的轴压与围压、瓦斯压力构建函数方程可判断不同加载条件煤岩进入“强度极限邻域”的时机,作为进入“强度极限邻域”范围时的判别标准,其中围压越大,此时进入“强度极限邻域”范围时的应力阈值越大;瓦斯压力越大,进入“强度极限邻域”时的应力阈值越小。

微纳挠曲电结构力电耦合响应的数值模拟方法

微纳米尺度下挠曲电效应相对于传统压电效应具有较高的机电耦合转换效率,其在传感、致动和俘能领域极具应用前景。然而目前多数商用有限元软件未包含挠曲电本构模型,无法对挠曲电结构进行有效的数值模拟。本研究基于Abaqus用户自定义单元(UEL)子程序进行二次开发,将挠曲电效应内化到计算模型。首先,结合配点混合有限元法(CMFEM),推导了挠曲电结构的力电耦合方程,并在Abaqus中开发了挠曲电单元,提供了挠曲电结构响应分析的数值模拟技术。与传统的混合有限元法(MFEM)相比,该方法的优点是易于建模,降低了计算自由度,提高了计算效率,节省了运算成本,并且挠度与电场强度指标都比其他方法更接近解析解。然后,通过上述数值模拟方法,建立了挠曲电结构响应分析数值模型,开展了矩形梁及弧形梁在不同边界条件下的力电耦合响应计算与分析。分析结果展示了梁的几何参数影响结构应变梯度|η113|的作用机制,表明在使用同一材料设计挠曲电梁时,可通过控制变形梯度来控制输出电压的大小。研究表明,改变梁的弯曲程度,可有效提高梁输出的开路电压,减小梁的挠度。相同程度弯曲下,弧形悬臂梁向下弯曲的开路电压大于弧形悬臂梁向上弯曲的开路电压。当向上弯曲弧形梁的圆心角为38°,左边缘为滑动支座,右边缘为铰链支座时,开路电压最大,可达214.07 mV,比悬臂矩形梁增加5倍。此外,相同模型若仅考虑压电效应,开路电压将下降89.3%。

基于层次聚类分场景的光伏汇聚趋势量化方法

持续功率曲线能反映长时间波动特性规律,通过研究已建设光伏集群持续功率曲线,建立预测模型揭示不同规模集群的汇聚演化规律,最终得到待建光伏集群的持续功率曲线。首先,利用层次聚类算法确定光伏集群汇聚规模的分层顺序,得到装机容量逐层递增的光伏集群,并提出汇聚效应指标验证顺序的有效性;其次,为了更好地判断和预测光伏持续功率曲线的变化趋势,对持续功率曲线进行出力场景划分;最后,为避免单一模型预测偏差,在各出力场景下,通过改进的信息熵组合预测模型掌握汇聚过程中规模演变规律,完成规划待建设集群持续功率曲线的预测。利用河北某地区实测数据仿真结果表明:验证聚类方法得到的集群分层顺序更能体现汇聚效应,并有效提高预测精度;出力场景划分准确刻画集群持续功率曲线汇聚趋势;通过模型对比表明分场景下改进信息熵组合预测模型更能精确完成待建光伏集群持续功率特性的量化分析。

他克莫司治疗儿童肾病综合征的最佳血药浓度范围探究

目的探究他克莫司(TAC)治疗儿童肾病综合征(NS)的最佳血药浓度范围。方法回顾性选取2021年1月至2023年12月河北省儿童医院肾脏免疫科收治的NS患儿为研究对象。根据治疗是否有效分为有效组和无效组,采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线确定治疗有效的TAC阈值。根据NS患儿TAC浓度分为低浓度组(<3 ng/mL)、中浓度组(3~5 ng/mL)和目标浓度组(5~10 ng/mL),分析TAC浓度与临床疗效和不良反应的关系。结果研究共纳入患儿160例。NS患儿完全缓解(CR)、部分缓解(PR)和无效(NR)例数分别为91例、37例和32例,治疗有效128例(80%)。ROC曲线分析结果显示,TAC平均谷浓度预测疗效的ROC曲线下面积(95%CI)、敏感性、特异性和阈值分别为0.779(0.704,0.853)、62.5%、84.45%和3.33 ng/mL。临床疗效方面,与目标浓度组比较,低浓度组CR和PR较低,而NR较高(P<0.05);而中浓度组CR较低,PR较高(P<0.05),NR差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。NS不同激素反应型方面,与目标浓度组或中浓度组比较,低浓度组CR较低(P<0.05);而中浓度组与目标浓度组CR和PR差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。NS不同病理类型方面,与目标浓度组或中浓度组比较,低浓度组CR较低(P<0.05);而中浓度组与目标浓度组CR和PR差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。不良反应方面,目标浓度组肢体震颤和血糖异常发生率显著高于其余两组(P<0.05)。此外,3组严重感染和高血压差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论TAC治疗儿童NS时,推荐TAC浓度范围为3~5 ng/mL。

大气折射对雷达测角的影响

在雷达测角精度计算时,大气折射会对其产生巨大影响,这一影响会成为对雷达系统性能的制约性因素。针对这一问题,论文研究分析了电磁波在对流层中的折射模型,并对电磁波的传播特性提出了两种假设:电磁波在大气中进行传播时,是按照圆弧曲线和非圆弧曲线的方式进行的。基于这两种假设,论文采用了两种不同的修正方法,并通过试验对这种修正方法进行了验证。试验结果表明,两种修正方法都能够提高雷达的测角精度,且按照非圆弧修正方法进行修正的效果更好。该研究对于理解大气折射对雷达测角的影响具有重要意义,为提高雷达系统性能提供了技术支持。

曲线拟合与分段函数组合法在瓦斯抽采量预测中的研究与应用

为减少矿井煤与瓦斯突出、瓦斯爆炸等事故的发生,将井下瓦斯及时抽出是必要的,因此对瓦斯抽采量进行准确地预测愈发重要。在神经网络法、多元线性回归法等预测方法的基础上,根据瓦斯抽采量在时间效应下变化波动大的特性,提出了曲线拟合与分段函数组合法。此方法以瓦斯抽采量衰减为界将瓦斯抽采分为前、后2个阶段,根据实测数据作抽采纯量随时间变化曲线并对变化曲线进行拟合,根据拟合曲线列出预测瓦斯抽采量的计算公式,用于对抽采量进行预测。分别对九里山矿、古汉山矿进行后段抽采量预测与实际的比较,其中九里山矿得到后段预测值的最小相对误差为0.63%,最大相对误差为2.34%,古汉山矿得到后段预测值的最小相对误差为0.09%,最大相对误差为3.23%。表明曲线拟合与分段函数组合法对井下瓦斯抽采量预测是可行的,对井下瓦斯治理具有重要的意义。

hs-CRP、CCL2、CCL3与新生儿细菌感染病情关系及疗效预测价值

目的探讨超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、趋化因子CC基序配体(CCL)、CCL3与新生儿细菌感染病情关系及疗效预测价值。方法选取2021年1月至2023年1月廊坊市人民医院收治的70例新生儿细菌感染患儿作为细菌感染组,另按照1∶1比例选取70例新生儿病毒感染患儿、70例非感染性新生儿分别作为病毒感染组、对照组。比较3组及细菌感染组不同病情程度患儿入院时血清hs-CRP、CCL2、CCL3,比较细菌感染组不同疗效患儿血清各指标,绘制受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)分析血清各指标对治疗效果预测效能,用相对危险度(RR)分析血清各指标不同表达对新生儿细菌感染治疗效果的影响。结果细菌感染组、病毒感染组入院时血清hs-CRP、CCL2、CCL3表达均高于对照组(P<0.05);细菌感染中重症患儿入院时血清hs-CRP、CCL2、CCL3表达高于轻症患儿(P<0.05),入院时及入院24 h、第3天、第5天无效亚组血清hs-CRP、CCL2、CCL3表达均高于有效亚组(P<0.05);入院时及入院24 h、第3天、第5天血清hs-CRP、CCL2、CCL3联合预测新生儿细菌感染疗效价值优于各时间点的单一指标预测效能,其中入院24 h各指标联合预测AUC最大;以入院24 h各指标截断值为界分为高表达、低表达,hs-CRP、CCL2、CCL3高表达患儿治疗无效风险是低表达患儿的3.577倍、3.357倍、2.630倍。结论在新生儿细菌感染血清中hs-CRP、CCL2、CCL3高表达,且与患儿病情程度、治疗效果密切相关,3者血清各指标联合在预测患儿治疗效果中具有良好的参考价值。

基于广义波阻抗理论的SHPB试验中弹性压缩阶段试件应力-应变曲线的应力波效应及其影响机理

定量研究分离式霍普金森压杆(split Hopkinson pressure bar,SHPB)试验中弹性压缩阶段试件中的应力波效应是解耦准确材料弹性曲线的基础。在满足平面波假设的基础上,基于广义波阻抗理论,对杆与试件面积不匹配时试件弹性压缩阶段应力波演化造成的结构效应开展了定量理论研究,分析了不同情况下弹性阶段内试件唯象工程及实际材料应力-应变曲线的偏差特征与主要因素,并揭示了影响这种偏差的影响规律及其机理。研究表明:对于线性入射加载波,当无量纲时间为0.5的倍数时,即使其他参数改变,试件唯象与材料实际的应力-应变曲线仍对应相等;试件两端的应力差较大时,若应力差的变化趋于稳定,则试件唯象与材料实际的应力-应变曲线差异较小。计算了不同波动区间内试件的最大应力偏离值及其变化趋势和对应的无量纲时间,研究了入射波是双线性组合波时试件的应力-应变曲线。研究表明:双线性波入射时,2个线性区间可以独立分析,无论如何组合线性区间或应力差如何变化,只要试件两端应力差为近似恒定曲线,对应的试件唯象工程应力-应变曲线都是相对准确的。

分叉柱支承式单层曲面钢网壳施工过程监测研究

以云南红河综合交通枢纽单层曲面网壳为工程背景,对网壳结构、提升塔架的关键杆件布置测点进行施工过程监测研究,分析了结构在地面拼装及整体提升过程中内力的变化情况。通过对施工过程中网壳结构的温度效应进行研究,探讨了边界约束作用强弱对结构内力变化的影响程度,温度每变化1℃引起的网壳合拢后应力变化是合拢前应力变化的3倍;合拢后,温度每变化1℃引起网壳远离支座杆件的应力变化是靠近支座应力变化的2倍;对提升阶段监测数据进行分析,提升过程中实测应力波动范围在10 MPa以内,吊点提升同步性较好;此外,网壳结构卸载阶段监测数据表明,由于网壳提升状态与使用状态受力基本一致,网壳卸载前后应力变化较小,且卸载后支撑结构对温度敏感性较高。