Mass Concentration of Particles (PM10) in Urban Environment of Changsha,China

Continuous measurement of ambient PM10 was performed by TEOM at a university campus for about one year from 20 November 2007 to 29 October 2008 in Changsha city of Hunan province.Indoor PM10 and PM2.5 concentration were measured by DustTrak simultaneously in order to describe the difference in concentration level and daily variations of particle mass concentration between different seasons,and to survey the influence of ambient particle on indoor air quality.During the survey period,the annual average PM10 concentration was found to be 117.63 μg/m3,with a mean value 121.88 μg/m3 in winter and 111.50 μg/m3 in spring.The temporal trend changed quickly from time to time,and the peak values were found in rush hours and in the evening.Ambient PM10 showed a good correlation with indoor PM10 and outdoor PM2.5 but not with indoor PM2.5.These results showed that PM10 was influenced by local source(such as traffic or fuel burning)and regional source.The correlation analysis has shown that ambient PM10 contributes substantial fraction to indoor PM10 but not to indoor PM2.5,which indicates other source may exist in the indoor environment.

Study on copper complexing ligand concentrations in several China's coastal waters

Copper complexing ligand concentrations in the Daya Bay, Qingdao coast, Jiaozhou Bay, South China Sea and Huanghe Estuary waters were determined by the anodic stripping voltammetry technique. The distribution regularity and the relationship with other parameters were discussed. The results were as follows： Copper complexing ligand concentrations of the South China Sea were a little higher than those of other sea areas, and they were apparently higher than those of the ocean. Compared with the subsurface layer （SSL） in the sea surface microlayer copper complexing ligand concentrations showed an enrichment phenomenon, of which the mechanism is similar to dissolved organic matter. The metal complexing ligand concentration profiles of the South China Sea showed that the value in the sea surface was the highest, then it decreased with depth accruing, and a higher value appeared at the bottom. Copper complex- ing ligand concentrations were higher than those of cadmium and lead. Ligands in each sea area exhibited a complicated property. In short, the distribution regularity of copper complexing ligand concentrations in China＇s coastal waters was consistent with that of other regions in the world. Meanwhile, the positive relationship between the copper complexing ligand concentrations and biological oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, dissolved organic carbon, and viscosity were found clearly.

Correlation of Critical Micelle Concentration of Sodium Alkyl Benzenesulfonates with MolecularDescriptors

The hydrophobic-hydrophilic segment geometries of 36 sodium alkyl benzenesulfonates were fully optimized and calculated by abinitio RHF/6-31G（d）, quantum chemical data such as the charge density, the energy of molecular orbital and the dipole moment were obtained. Based on two topological descriptors and one quantum chemical descriptor, a significant quantitative structure-property relationship （QSPR） model for the critical micelle concentration （Cmc） of sodium alkyl benzenesulfonate surfactants was obtained by using the multiple linear regression technique. The good correlation coefficient of Re （0. 980） and cross-validation correlation coefficient Rcv^2 （0. 974） indicate the excellent capability and stability of the regression equation developed. In addition, linear relationships between logarithm of Cmc and the dipole moment of surfaetant hydrophobic hydrophilic segments for each homologous series have also been established with high correlation coefficient.

Primary investigation of dose-effect relationship of ^(153)Sm-EDTMP in treating multiple bone metastases

Objective:To calculate the focus absorption dose of 153Sm-EDTMP with the Monte Carlo(MC)EGS4 method for treatment of bone metastases from nasopharyngeal carcinoma or breast cancer,and investigate the relationship between the focus absorption dose and painkilling effect of 153Sm-EDTMP.Methods:Four patients with multiple bone metastases from nasopharyngeal or breast carcinoma and suffered from grade IV bone pain were treated with radionuclide internal irradiation of 153Sm-EDTMP.The absorption dose and dose distribution of bone metastases and other targeted organs were calculated with MC EGS4 program based on the time-order SPECT/CT scanning and the measurement of the radioactivity in the urine accumulation.The release of bone pain and the improvement of life quality were observed.Results:Bone pain of the patients was significantly alleviated to grade II for 3–4 weeks after internal 153Sm-EDTMP irradiation.The 3-dimensional absorption dose distribution image of bone metastases and targeted organs showed that the dose distribution in bone metastases was not asymmetrical.After injection of 0.65×37 MBq/kg 153Sm-EDTMP,the highest absorption dose in bone lesions was about 4.9–5.9 Gy,and the dose in the lesion margin was about 2.0 Gy.Using the highest dose as reference dose point,the relative absorption dose values of bone marrow,vertebra and sex organ near lesions were 0.48–1.1 Gy,0.51–0.85 Gy,and 0.01–0.14 Gy,respectively.Conclusion:The absorption dose of bone metastases is significantly lower than treatment dose of 30 Gy after single irradiation of 153Sm-EDTMP.The painkilling effect is limited and in accordance with clinical observation.

Survey of dose-effect relationship in Chinese materia medica

The research on the dose-effect relationship in Chinese materia medica is delayed due to the complexity of its composition, multi-efficacy, multi-targeting and other factors. Many experts put forward relevant research ideas and methods and worked out more and more research results in literature, experimental and clinical categories because of the progress of statistical methods and scientific and technological means in recent years. In this paper, these results were preliminarily combed to show the basic situation of dose-effect relationship research in Chinese materia medica.

Study on the Quantitative Structure-toxicity Relationships for the Selected Esters by Using Molecular Electronegativity Interaction Vector (MEIV)

The molecular electronegativity interaction vector （MEIV） was used to describe the molecular structure of 30 selected esters. Two excellent QSTR models were built up by using multiple linear regression （MLR） and partial least-squares regression （PLS）. The correlation coefficients （R） of the two models were 0.945 and 0.941, respectively. The models were evaluated by performing the cross validation with the leave-one-out （LOO） procedure. The cross-verification correlation coefficients （RCV） of the two models were 0.921 and 0.919, respectively. The results showed that the models constructed in this work could provide estimation stability and favorable predictive ability.

Analysis on the Relationship between Air Pollution Status and Meteorological Factors in Zhumadian City

Based on monitoring data of air quality and corresponding meteorological observation data in Zhumadian City during 2013-2015,temporalspatial distribution characteristics and influence factors of air pollution were analyzed. The results showed that >Grade II of pollution occupied a certain proportion in Zhumadian City throughout the year,and annual pollution probabilities at three stations were 11%,11% and 6%; serious pollution occurred for six times at three stations,and they all occurred in autumn and winter; pollution probabilities at three stations in autumn and winter were 18%,17% and 12%,and pollution situation in autumn and winter was more serious than that in spring and summer,and seasonal sequence of pollution frequency from low to high was spring,summer,autumn and winter. Seen from three monitoring stations,there was little difference between new and old industrial zones. Since Branch II of China Meheco Topfond Pharma Co.,Ltd. which represented largescale pollution source took pollution prevention measures,pollution was relatively light,but serious pollution was easy to appear. Seen from temporal change of pollutant concentration,monthly distribution characteristics of three kinds of air pollutants( SO_2,NO_2 and PM_(10)) showed typical one-peak-one valley pattern,and peak occurred during December-January,while valley was during July-August. Due to straw burning,monthly change curve of PM_(10) concentration had two peaks in June and October. Dekad change characteristics of three kinds of air pollutants also showed one-peak-one-valley pattern,and peak occurred from middle dekad of December to middle dekad of January,while valley was from early dekad of July to last dekad of August. The concentration correlation among three kinds of pollutants was the most significant at station 3.Additionally,concentration correlation was significant in autumn and winter,but was relatively weaker in spring and summer. The correlation between pollutant concentration and meteorological factors in the same period was the most significant in autumn,followed by winter. Negative correlation between horizontal visibility and pollutant concentration was extremely significant in winter. There was positive correlation between air pressure and pollutant concentration in summer and autumn,while the correlation was unobvious in winter and spring. There was negative correlation between air temperature and pollutant concentration,which was the most significant in autumn. Negative correlation between relative humidity and pollutant concentration was significant in summer and autumn. Total cloud cover showed significantly positive correlation with pollutant concentration in winter,but the correlation was unobvious in other seasons. Average wind velocity and NO_2 concentration maintained significantly negative correlation in whole year,and there was significantly negative correlation between average wind velocity and concentrations of other two kinds pollutants in winter,but the correlation was worse in other seasons.

供应链关系对企业数字化转型的影响分析——基于空间滞后模型和门槛效应模型的实证研究

供应链关系反映了企业对供应商和客户的依赖程度,企业应当将供应链管理作为其核心战略,并根据供应链结构特点有针对性地进行数字化转型。选取中国2015—2021年间A股制造业上市公司为样本,采用空间滞后模型和门槛效应模型探究供应链关系对企业数字化转型的影响。研究发现:企业数字化转型具有空间溢出效应,供应商集中度整体上抑制企业数字化转型,客户集中度整体上对企业数字化转型无显著影响。同时,供应商集中度对企业数字化转型的影响存在单门槛效应,当供应商集中度小于门槛值时,促进企业数字化转型,当大于门槛值时,将阻碍企业数字化转型;客户集中度对企业数字化转型的影响存在单门槛效应,越过门槛值后,对企业数字化转型的抑制作用减缓。研究结果表明,为了应对市场的不确定性,企业建立灵活的供应链关系有助于推动数字化转型。

二价铁活化分子氧体系中溶解氧对活性自由基产生及污染物降解的影响

构建了Fe^(2+)/O_(2)/三聚磷酸钠(STPP)高级氧化体系,通过曝气实验与固定初始DO实验,分别探究了体系在持续曝气与有限溶解氧的条件下活性自由基产生能力与污染物降解效果.结果表明,在以150mL/min流量充分曝气时,Fe^(2+)-STPP浓度由3mmol/L增加至20mmol/L,体系在中性条件下羟基自由基(HO•)的产量从0.185mmol/L增加至0.256mmol/L,对苯酚的去除率由81.4%增加到91.5%.在密闭环境中固定初始DO浓度且Fe^(2+)-STPP浓度足量时,O_(2)转化为HO•的转化率约为10.60%~18.05%,转化率随DO浓度增加而增大;明确了体系中HO•产生量、Fe^(2+)消耗量、污染物降解量与初始DO浓度间的响应关系,并建立了线性方程(R^(2)>0.99).

利用光拍频波测量液体浓度

以溶液浓度与其折射率之间的联系作为出发点,通过理论推导得出当光在液体中的传播路程一定时,液体的浓度变化量与光通过液体后波形移动的距离成线性关系.基于该关系,用具有低频性的光拍频波为波源,搭建了一套表征并测量液体浓度的实验装置,验证该线性关系并得出线性相关参数,再利用该线性关系实现液体浓度的测量.

三种描述符对食源性血管紧张素转化酶抑制二肽定量构效关系研究

为探究血管紧张素转化酶(angiotensin converting enzyme,ACE)抑制肽结构与功能的关系,阐明食源性ACE抑制肽作用机理,该文收集最近报道的血管紧张素转化酶抑制二肽的氨基酸序列及其IC_(50)值,用Z-scales、VHSE和SVHEHS三种氨基酸描述符对ACE抑制二肽的结构进行表征,以氨基酸的疏水性质、立体性质以及电性性质参数作为自变量,ACE抑制二肽的lg(IC_(50))作为因变量,建立ACE抑制二肽的定量构效模型。结果显示基于Z-scales描述符建立的二肽定量构效模型R^(2)为0.8477,Q^(2)为0.8284,模型预测二肽Phe-Phe有较高的ACE抑制活性,预测IC_(50)为1.0499μmol/L,实测IC_(50)为(1.0414±0.0041)μmol/L,预测值与实测值误差为0.0085μmol/L。基于VHSE描述符构建的模型R^(2)为0.8568,Q^(2)为0.8052,模型预测二肽Asp-Trp有较高的ACE抑制能力,预测IC_(50)为1.2160μmol/L,实测IC_(50)为(1.1100±0.0053)μmol/L,误差为0.1060μmol/L。基于SVHEHS描述符构建的定量构效模型R^(2)为0.8581,Q^(2)为0.7453μmol/L,模型预测二肽Ala-Trp有较高的ACE抑制活性,预测IC_(50)为1.0323μmol/L,实测IC_(50)为(1.1290±0.0082)μmol/L,误差为0.0967μmol/L。3种氨基酸描述符均能较为合适地对ACE抑制二肽进行定量构分析。通过模型分析发现ACE抑制肽C端氨基酸残基疏水特性和立体特征与其活性关系更为密切,其氨基酸残基的疏水特征和立体特征越强,ACE抑制肽的活性越强。通过3种ACE抑制二肽与ACE蛋白(2X8 J)进行分子对接发现,3种ACE抑制肽均可与ACE蛋白进行结合。表明通过偏最小二乘法对Z-scales、VHSE、SVHEHS三种描述符对ACE抑制二肽构建定量构效关系模型是可行的。这将对ACE抑制肽的检测、预测和筛选具有积极的意义。

微塑料对湖泊生态系统初级生产者的影响

塑料的广泛应用导致大量微塑料进入环境,尤其是水环境,从而产生环境风险。浮游植物等自养生物是湖泊系统的主要初级生产者,是湖泊食物链的关键组成部分,为食物链的上游提供能量和物质基础。同时,浮游植物也是对微塑料响应最敏感的类群。了解湖泊浮游植物等初级生产者对微塑料的响应是探究微塑料对湖泊生态系统功能影响的重要基础。总结了全球湖泊生态系统微塑料的丰度、类型、尺寸、来源等分布特征,系统分析了微塑料暴露对浮游植物等初级生产者细胞结构、基因表达和生长,以及对浮游植物叶绿素a含量、光合活性的影响,并总结了其中的影响机制。总体而言,微塑料会降低初级生产者的叶绿素a含量,剂量越高、尺寸越小,这种抑制作用越强烈;同时,微塑料也会作用于初级生产者,造成细胞膜损伤、DNA损伤,调控其相关功能基因表达,抑制其生长和光合活性等。然而,湖泊生态系统微塑料的实际检出浓度远低于室内暴露实验中的添加剂量,微塑料结构和组分也更为复杂,野外观测结果与室内培养实验之间还不能建立直接的对应关系。因此,未来的相关研究应集中在如何有效联系野外观测结果与室内培养实验结果,进一步聚焦建立可靠的、可应用推广的微塑料浓度与初级生产者之间的剂量-效应关系模型,探究微塑料对湖泊初级生产者的作用机制,为刻画微塑料对湖泊生态系统初级生产者及其功能的作用机制提供科学支撑。

基于浓度与流量突变的河流总磷通量估算

为进一步加深对流量与水质浓度突变特征的理解,探究浓度与流量突变点对通量模拟的影响,本研究基于Mann-Kendall突变检验法以及贝叶斯突变点模型,对潮河流域20多年来(1992—2014年)的径流量、总磷(TP)浓度以及二者之间关系进行突变分析,并结合LOADEST模型估算TP通量。结果表明:潮河流域径流、TP浓度整体均呈下降趋势,径流突变点发生于1998年,突变前后的平均流量分别为7.92 m^(3)·s^(-1)和2.86 m^(3)·s^(-1);TP浓度突变点发生于1993年和1996年,1992—1993年、1994—1996年和1997—2014年平均浓度分别为0.08、0.06 mg·L^(-1)和0.03 mg·L^(-1)。TP浓度-流量关系在2004年12月前后发生突变,前后两个阶段的流量阈值分别为2.36 m^(3)·s^(-1)和9.08 m^(3)·s^(-1)。突变点前,TP浓度与流量的关系是典型的流量驱动模式;突变点后二者关系会在高流量情况下转变为稀释主导模式。基于突变点识别的分段建模有助于改善LOADEST模型的模拟效果,而不同类型突变点各有优势。基于TP浓度突变点的分段模型的整体模拟效果最佳,使纳什系数从0.50提高到0.96;基于浓度-径流关系突变点的模型对关系突变后TP通量的模拟效果最佳,使纳什系数从-0.31提高到0.89。此外本研究讨论了降水及流域管理措施的可能影响。研究表明,进行水质建模及负荷模拟时,考虑水质浓度与流量及其关系的突变可在一定程度上提高模型的适用性。

白芥子穴位给药配伍对延胡索乙素药效动力学影响的研究

目的:探讨“冬病夏治”全方配伍和无白芥子配伍延胡索乙素在模型家兔“肺俞”穴皮下药代动力学特征及药代动力学-药效动力学(PK-PD)模型的相关性。方法:支气管哮喘模型家兔随机分成延胡索单方组、缺白芥子组、全方组,微透析技术收集14 h穴位皮下透析液,液相色谱-质谱法(Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry,LCMS)法检测方中君药延胡索主要成分延胡索乙素浓度,获得药代动力学参数;酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)法检测对应时间点模型动物血清中IgE水平,获得药效学参数;对药动学、药效学参数进行PK-PD模型拟合。结果:白芥子配伍后的药峰浓度(C_(max))、药时曲线下面积(AUC_(0-t))、平均滞留时间(MRT_(0-t))均显著增加(P<0.01,P<0.01,P<0.05),达峰时间(T_(max))提前(P<0.01);“浓度-时间-效应”三维曲线表明,方中有白芥子配伍时,药效出现更快、消退更慢,起效时间晚于峰浓度,具有一定滞后性。结论:动力学参数、PK-PD模型结果表明,白芥子配伍能够改变“方中君药”——延胡索的主要成分延胡索乙素穴位局部的皮下分布,促进方中君药有效成分快速吸收,延长滞留时间,在方剂中起到主药、改善其他药物分布的“双重”作用。

基于序关系分析法和模糊综合评价法的家用雾化制氧机设计

为提升家用雾化制氧机的用户体验及满意度,提出结合用户体验模型,采用半结构化访谈方式归纳用户需求并建立评价层级体系;采用序关系分析法进行需求指标权重计算及优度排序;通过功能分析系统技术(Function Analysis System Technique,FAST)功能树获取产品功能要素,指导设计方案输出;采用模糊综合评价(Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation,FCE)法对产品设计方案进行用户满意度评价。研究结果表明:基于序关系分析法和FCE法设计的家用雾化制氧机具有较高的用户满意度,设计方法的集成提升了用户需求获取与方案评价环节的效率及科学性,可为同类产品的创新设计提供参考。

祁连山北坡一次秋季对流性降水雨滴谱特征分析

利用Parsivel2激光雨滴谱仪观测数据,分析了祁连山北坡2020年9月21日发生的一次对流性降水天气的雨滴谱特征。结果表明:雨水含量W和降水强度R的时间演变一致,各站点雨滴数浓度N(D)最大时对应雨滴直径D均<1 mm,出现在层状云降水期间。在对流云雨增强至最大阶段,雨滴直径D迅速增大,各站点最大雨滴直径D在2.75~3.75 mm之间。高海拔站总数浓度NT平均值大于低海拔站,低海拔站质量加权平均直径D_(m)平均值大于高海拔站。对流云降水D_(m)显著大于层状云降水且分布相对集中,层状云降水D_(m)分布有更大谱宽。对流云降水logNw分布相对集中,层状云降水logNw分布有更大谱宽。Gamma函数能较好拟合祁连山区对流云和层状云降水平均谱。对流云、层状云μ-λ有很好的拟合关系。D_(m)-R拟合系数和指数均为正数,D_(m)随R增强而增大,并在雨强达到一定值后变化有变缓的趋势。层状云降水logNw随R增强变化较快,对流云降水logNw随R增大缓慢。业务雷达默认使用的夏季对流云降水和经典大陆性层状云降水Z-R关系对祁连山区对流云、层状云降水估测值偏低。

The relationship between concentration of growth hormone in serum and microangiopathy in patients with diabetes mellitus.

Objective To study the relationship between growth hormone (GH) and microangiopathy in patients with diabetes mellitus in order to elucidate pathogenesis on microangiopathy in diabetics. Methods GH and insulin (INS) were detected by radioimmunoassay, and blood sugar (BS) was detected by oxydase method. Results 138 NIDDM diabetics were examined. The concentration of serum GH in diabetics without microangiopathy (2.3±1.2 μg/L) was higher than in normal people (1.0±1.2 μg/L) and GH in diabetics with microangiopathy (5.74±1.94 μg/L) was higher than in diabetics without microangiopathy. The differences were significant ( P <0.01). As the history of diabetes went on, the level of GH in serum increased, and the incidence of microangiopathy increased too. The correlation of GH in serum with BS was parallel. The correlation of GH in serum with INS was not apparent. 27 IDDM diabetics were examined, their level of GH in serum (6.8±3.4 μg/L) was higher than that of NIDDM diabetics (4.6±1.8 μg/L). They were all patients with microangiopathy. Conclusion The rise of GH in serum may be an important pathogeny that causes microangiopathy in diabetics.

家族企业代际传承对供应链管理的影响——基于客户集中度的研究

供应链管理是企业竞争战略中的重要领域,其中客户是确保企业生存发展、适时了解市场动态、优化供应链管理的关键要素。当前,众多家族企业面临代际传承的过渡期,故家族企业代际传承如何影响客户集中度是值得研究的重要议题。本文利用2007~2023年中国A股上市家族企业样本数据,实证探究家族企业代际传承对供应链管理的影响,并进一步识别其作用机制。研究发现,家族企业代际传承显著降低了企业客户集中度,且在一系列稳健性检验和内生性分析后结论依然成立。异质性分析发现,金字塔式、劳动密集型、行业竞争度较高以及非高技术行业的家族企业,代际传承对企业客户集中度的影响更为显著。机制检验显示,家族企业代际传承对客户集中度的负向影响,主要通过增加获客投入,降低专有化投资和减少关系维护成本等渠道来实现。本文揭示了家族企业代际传承对供应链管理影响的微观机制,为家族企业传承过程中企业战略调整和长期稳健发展提供了理论参考和实践启示。

客户集中度与控股股东股权质押

控股股东股权质押具有担保增信机制与引发系统性金融风险的两面性,而关系交易作为一种中国传统“关系信任”的交易模式存在“合作”与“掠夺”的双重性,考察两者的关系对于科学合理安排关系交易与股权质押具有重要意义。以2010—2022年沪深A股上市公司为研究对象,以客户集中度表征关系交易,考察以下三个问题:①客户集中度的双重性是否影响股权质押行为?②影响机制是什么?③具有怎样的经济后果?研究发现:客户集中度与控股股东股权质押呈显著的倒“U”型关系。机制检验发现,信息不对称、代理成本与风险承担发挥了部分中介效应。经济后果检验发现,在关系治理情景下,控股股东股权质押降低了股价崩盘风险。研究表明,关系交易这种利益相关者共同治理模式具有极强的灵活性与适应性,在约束与监督控股股东股权质押私利行为上具有突出优势,科学合理地处理客户集中度与股权质押限制性规定之间的关系,能避免陷入关系交易失灵和股权质押限制“一刀切”的两难窘境,有利于推动资本市场实现长期稳定发展。

Prediction on Critical Micelle Concentration of Nonionic Surfactants in Aqueous Solution:Quantitative Structure-Property Relationship Approach

In order to predict the critical micelle concentration (cmc) of nonionic surfactants in aqueous solution,a quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR) was found for 77 nonionic surfactants belonging to eight series. The best-regressed model contained four quantum-chemical descriptors,the heat of formation (ΔH),the molecular dipole moment (D),the energy of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (E_ LUMO ) and the energy of the highest occupied molecular orbital (E_ HOMO ) of the surfactant molecule; two constitutional descriptors,the molecular weight of surfactant (M) and the number of oxygen and nitrogen atoms (n_ ON ) of the hydrophilic fragment of surfactant molecule; and one topological descriptor,the Kier & Hall index of zero order (KH0) of the hydrophobic fragment of the surfactant. The established general QSPR between lg(cmc) and the descriptors produced a relevant coefficient of multiple determination:R 2=0.986. When cross terms were considered,the corresponding best model contained five descriptors E_ LUMO ,D,KH0,M and a cross term n_ ON ·KH0,which also produced the same coefficient as the seven-parameter model.