A New Approach to Calculate Parameters of Induction Generator with Double Windings

The accuracy prediction for the performance of an induction generator depends much on the parameters of the equivalent circuit. This paper presented a new way for calculating these parameters of induction generator with double windings. The method is based on 2D time-dependent magnetic field coupled with electric circuit. An application example of a 12-phase self-excited induction generator (SEIG) was provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the presented approach. Some of the calculated results show good coincidence with the experiment values.

Protective benefit of folded linear HDPE board sand fences along the Golmud-Korla Railway,China:Field observation and wind tunnel study

The Milan Gobi area of the Golmud-Korla Railway in northwest China is located in the lower dispersal area of the mountain pass and has strong winds with evident double wind direction characteristics.This study introduced a novel sand fence deployment technique,termed‘folded linear deployment',designed to position the sand fence orthogonally to the two predominant wind directions for optimal protection.This study used wind tunnel and field tests to evaluate the wind and sand flow characteristics,as well as the windproof and sandresistant performance of folded linear HDPE(Highdensity polyethylene)board sand fences.The results suggest that the airflow around the fence creates clear zoning characteristics.The deceleration area on the BSF(backwind side of the sand fence)is much larger than that on the DSF(downwind side of the sand fence).Thus,sand particles are primarily deposited on the BSF.At different wind speeds,the airflow at 2 and 5 h on the DSF is not disturbed.The WSP(wind speed profile)presents a logarithmic distribution.The airflow is disturbed at 1-20 h on the BSF,and the WSP gradually deviates from the logarithmic law.However,as the airflow moves away from the fence,the WSP gradually approaches a logarithmic distribution.Meanwhile,the WPE(windproof efficiency)and SRE(sand-resistant efficiency)of the sand fence exceed 80%.In addition,the results of wind tunnel tests are compared with those of field tests.The overall dispersion is good,and the best dispersion is found at z/H=2.00,indicating good agreement between the two test results.This study provides a scientific basis for the design of sand hazard control measures,similar to the railway project in the Gobi Gale area.

Wind Tunnel Validation of Double Multiple Streamtube Model for Vertical Axis Wind Turbine

The performance and annual energy output have to be predicted to maximize the economic benefits from a wind turbine. Mathematically predicting the performance of Darrieus type lift based turbines are challenging due to the inconsistent angle of attack, blade wake interaction and local induced velocities giving rise to complex flow physics. A reliable and validated mathematical model is therefore essential to optimize the various design parameters prior to manufacture. The objective of the current study is to evaluate widely employed aerodynamic models based on their prediction accuracy, limitations, and computational requirements. Double multiple stream tube models have been discussed in detail and the predictions are experimentally validated through the wind tunnel test of three-bladed H-Darrieus rotor in terms of torque and power coefficient. The possible sources for the deviation between the predicted and measured values have been discussed and concluded with potential solutions.

A Comparative Study on Hydrodynamic Performance of Double Deflector Rectangular Cambered Otter Board

In the present work,the hydrodynamic performance of the double deflector rectangular cambered otter board was studied using wind tunnel experiment,flume tank experiment and numerical simulation.Results showed that the otter board had a good hydrodynamic performance with the maximum lift-to-drag ratio(K_(MAX) = 3.70).The flow separation occurred when the angle of attack(AOA) was at 45?,which revealed that the double deflector structure of the otter board can delay the flow separation.Numerical simulation results showed a good agreement with experiment ones,and could predict the critical AOA,which showed that it can be used to study the hydrodynamic performance of the otter board with the advantage of flow visualization.However,the drag coefficient in flume tank was much higher than that in wind tunnel,which resulted in a lower lift-to-drag ratio.These may be due to different fluid media between flume tank and wind tunnel,which result in the big difference of the vortexes around the otter board.Given the otter boards are operated in water,it was suggested to apply both flume tank experiment and numerical simulation to study the hydrodynamic performance of otter board.

Direct Power Control of Variable Wind Speed Based on the Doubly Fed Asynchronous Machine

In this work, the authors propose the study of a wind speed variable based on the DFAM （double fed asynchronous machine）. The model of the turbine is drawn from the classical equations describing the operation of a variable wind speed. The torque generated by the turbine is applied to the DFAM directly connected on the network side and the stator via a bidirectional converter side rotor. This configuration allows velocity variations of ±30% around the synchronous speed and the converter is then sized to one third of the rated power of the machine. The DFAM is controlled by a control vector ensuring operation of the wind turbine power coefficient maximum.

Integration of Wind and PV Systems Using Genetic-Assisted Artificial Neural Network

The prominence of Renewable Energy Sources(RES)in the process of power generation is exponentially increased in the recent days since these sources assist in minimizing the environmental contamination.A grid-tied DFIG(Doubly Fed Induction Generator)based WECS(Wind Energy Conversion System)is introduced in this work,in which a Landsman converter is implemented to impro-vise the output voltage of PV without anyfluctuations.A novel GA(Genetic Algorithm)assisted ANN(Artificial Neural Network)is employed for tracking the Maximum power from PV.Among the rotor and grid side controllers,the for-mer is implemented by combining the statorflux with d-q reference frame and the latter is realized by the PI controller.The proposed approach delivers better per-formance in the compensation of real and reactive power along with the DC link voltage control.The controlling mechanism is verified in both MATLAB and experimental bench setupby using an emulated wind turbine for the concurrent control of DC link potential,active and reactive powers.The source current THD is observed as 1.93%and 2.4%for simulation and hardware implementation respectively.

大跨度公铁双层斜拉桥主梁涡激共振机理与控制

以拟建的某主跨808 m公铁双层斜拉桥为工程依托,采用节段模型风洞试验研究不同攻角下双层桁架梁断面的涡振性能及5种气动控制措施的抑振效果,结合计算流体动力学(CFD)静态绕流模拟,对比分析双层桁架梁断面的涡振机理及控制方法.研究表明:主梁断面原设计方案在+3°和0°风攻角下存在明显的竖向和扭转涡振现象,且振幅超过规范允许值;间隔封闭上层桥面栏杆或增设抑流板可有效抑制主梁扭转涡振,但竖向涡振振幅仍不满足规范要求;上弦杆外侧增设风嘴可有效抑制主梁竖向和扭转涡振,而下弦杆外侧增设风嘴对主梁涡振抑振效果有限.气流经主梁原设计断面上层桥面分离后,在其上下表面形成周期性脱落的大尺度旋涡,并在上层桥面后部再附,这是主梁发生竖向涡振的主要诱因;上弦杆外侧增设风嘴可引导气流平稳通过上层桥面,消除了周期性的旋涡脱落,并在其上表面形成一段狭长“回流区”,从而有效抑制了涡振的发生.

大跨斜拉桥双层桁架主梁施工状态的阻力系数

针对规范中对大跨径桁架桥的双层主梁阻力系数在取值上的局限,提出一种主梁阻力系数计算方法,以施工阶段节段模型的风洞试验结果为基础,对双层桁架主梁进行模型简化后,使用CFD计算得出其三分力系数.采用不同迎风面特征尺寸,桁架片数以及桁架间距,分析了迎风面特征尺寸对主梁的阻力系数的影响.讨论了桁架间距以及片数不同对主梁的阻力系数的影响趋势.结果表明:迎风面特征高度与特征宽度对主梁阻力系数影响的变化规律并不相同,对此提出以桁架纵高比为变量的双层桁架桥梁主梁的阻力系数拟合公式;当桁架间距较小时,桁架片数对主梁阻力系数无影响,但当桁架间距与桁架高度比值达到3时,桁架片数的变化会对主梁的阻力系数产生较大的影响.

双层索系柔性光伏支架结构受力性能研究

目的研究双层索系柔性光伏支架结构在风荷载作用下的静力性能与动力响应。方法采用ABAQUS有限元软件开展双层索系柔性光伏支架结构的静力性能、动力特性、动力响应和风振系数分析,探究了跨度、横向连接系间距以及挠度限值等影响因素对支架结构受力性能的影响。结果结构的风振响应随着跨度的增加而增大;结构跨中挠度及上层索索力随横向连接系间距的增大而增大;增大上层索预应力可以减小结构的动力响应,而下层索预应力过大会导致结构的风振响应增大。结论通过研究给出了双层索系柔性光伏支架结构的风振系数取值范围以及上、下层索的初始预拉力设置建议,可以为其结构抗风设计提供参考。

竖向紊流积分尺度影响下的流线型箱梁断面抖振升力空间分布特性及理论建模

为研究竖向紊流积分尺度对于流线型箱梁抖振升力空间分布特性的影响,开展了刚性节段模型测压试验。该文选用竖向紊流积分尺度相差较大的三类流场,用于研究无量纲尺度Lw/B(竖向紊流积分尺度与桥梁宽度之比)对抖振升力空间分布特性的影响规律,提出考虑紊流三维效应影响的流线型箱梁断面三维抖振升力广义模型。结果表明:Lw/B为影响流线型箱梁断面抖振升力空间分布特性的关键控制参数,桥梁紊流三维效应随着Lw/B的降低而显著提高。同时,因风嘴、斜腹板等气动措施显著降低了流线型箱梁断面迎风侧气流的流动分离,使得不同竖向紊流积分尺度下其抖振升力二维气动导纳基本保持不变,表明由竖向紊流积分尺度对该型桥梁抖振升力荷载的高频畸变影响可以忽略,可为流线型箱梁断面结构气动外形优化提供参考。

考虑多重性能水准的特高压双柱悬索拉线塔风灾易损性分析

特高压双柱悬索拉线塔为典型的风敏感结构,其在不同强度风荷载作用下易遭受不同程度的损伤及破坏,针对此类结构的风致损伤评估研究亟待开展。该文提出一种考虑多重性能水准的特高压双柱悬索拉线塔风灾易损性分析方法。首先,开展结构立柱刚性模型的风洞试验,获取立柱的气动三分力系数并模拟得到相应风荷载;进而,定性划分双柱悬索拉线塔的性能水准,并基于Pushover分析给出各性能水准所对应的量化模型;最后,在求得双柱悬索拉线塔概率风灾需求模型的基础上,对其进行风灾易损性分析,并研究风向角对易损性曲线的影响。结果表明:结构主体立柱的气动升力系数CL和气动力矩系数CM在不同工况下均接近于0,气动阻力系数CD则均大于2,且从0°到45°呈递增趋势;基于立柱顶点位移可建立双柱悬索拉线塔的多重性能水准,而由风灾易损性分析可知,双柱悬索拉线塔在正常使用条件下发生各级风致损伤及破坏的概率很小,结构具有良好的抗风性能;风向角对双柱悬索拉线塔风灾易损性影响显著,结构的最不利和最有利风向角分别为90°和0°。

双柱悬索拉线塔风致倒塌易损性分析

作为风敏感结构,双柱悬索拉线塔在强风荷载作用下易遭受不同程度的损伤甚至发生倒塌破坏,因此,有必要对其进行风灾易损性分析。为此,本文提出一种双柱悬索拉线塔风致倒塌易损性分析方法。首先,考虑结构参数的不确定性,基于拉丁超立方抽样建立双柱悬索拉线塔不确定性模型,完成所有样本模型的非线性静力推覆分析;然后,利用B-R准则和对数正态分布函数拟合得到双柱悬索拉线塔倒塌易损性曲线;最后,研究风向角和拉线初张力对结构倒塌易损性曲线的影响。研究结果表明:相较于确定性倒塌分析,不确定性倒塌分析能够更好地评估双柱悬索拉线塔的抗风承载能力;风向角对双柱悬索拉线塔的倒塌易损性影响较大,结构的最不利风向角为45°,当基本风速小于56.5 m/s时,结构在任一风向角下的倒塌概率都很小;拉线初张力对结构倒塌临界风速无影响,但对立柱顶点位移易损性曲线影响较大;增大拉线初张力,左右侧立柱的顶点位移易损性曲线均向左移动,且其对背风侧立柱的影响更大。

大跨径斜拉桥施工阶段临时抗风措施对比分析

研究目的:大跨径斜拉桥在最大双悬臂施工状态下结构刚度较小,对风荷载引起的结构风致振动响应较为敏感。本文以受沿海台风影响区域的一座主跨316 m斜拉桥为研究对象,根据风洞试验确定主梁的气动三分力系数,对比分析不同风缆布置方案与不同临时墩布置方式对大桥风致响应控制效果的影响。研究结论:(1)增设临时风缆可使主梁竖弯基频提高22.0%~32.5%,对结构自身的扭转基频影响效果不显著;临时风缆对主梁竖向位移和主塔顺桥向位移控制有一定作用,固定位置在主梁最大悬臂长度的80%~90%范围内效果较好;(2)临时墩的抗风减振效果显著优于临时风缆,临时墩的设置使主梁悬臂端竖向位移响应降低了53.5%~65.5%,对主梁悬臂根部的顺桥向弯矩与横桥向弯矩的控制效果较为明显,降幅11.7%~58.8%;(3)在选择桥梁临时抗风措施时,需综合考虑抗风需求、施工条件、施工风险和经济性;(4)本研究成果可为大跨度斜拉桥临时抗风措施的选择提供参考。

大规模风电接入场景下的失步振荡中心定位方法

振荡中心的准确定位是失步保护正确动作的基础,大规模风电并网导致系统阻抗参数发生变化,使得传统基于阻抗轨迹的失步定位方法的适应性严重下降。针对该问题,提出基于节点频差的失步振荡中心定位方法。首先分析大规模风电并网对系统总阻抗的影响。进一步根据发电机功角,计算其曼哈顿距离相似度并构建启动判据。最后,通过移动平均法对广域测量频率进行平滑处理,提出基于节点频差的失步振荡中心定位方法。仿真验证表明,所提基于节点频差的失步振荡中心定位方法受噪声影响较小,不受风电渗透率的影响,能够准确定位失步振荡中心位置。

环境风下高铁双弓-网系统动态受流特性研究

为了研究环境风对高速铁路双弓-网系统动态受流性能的影响,首先,以位于我国西部大风区的兰新高铁为研究对象,基于模态分析法建立双弓-网耦合系统模型;其次,运用空气动力学理论推导作用于接触网线索上的环境风载荷;然后,考虑横风向空气阻尼的影响,探究空气阻尼作用下双弓受流特性;最后,采用4阶自回归(autoregression,简称AR)模型建立接触网沿线脉动风场,着重分析风速和风攻角对双弓受流的影响。结果表明:横风向空气阻尼对双弓受流产生的影响较小;脉动风下风速越大则风向越趋于垂向,双弓受流性能更易恶化;后弓受流性能相较前弓对风速和风攻角的变化更加敏感。双弓-网系统风振响应分析可为优化风环境下弓网受流质量和接触网防风参数设计提供参考。

双流制式下四分裂式变压器用作双回路滤波电感的特性分析

对一台运行于双流制下的机车进入直流电网时其变压器(四分裂式)用作电抗器的电感值进行了分析和计算.机车运行于直流电网时变压器同一铁心柱上的2个低压绕组串联接入回路滤波,而4个高压绕组并联开路.4个低压绕组两两串联有4种接法,且同一接法还有双边工作和单边工作的情况.利用在分析磁场的基础上获得的四分裂式变压器8个绕组的电感矩阵,列写4种不同接法时电路方程,将其等效为两端口网络,进行等效阻抗及电感计算,且对结果进行了讨论,给出了有关建议.

大间距下高耸双烟囱风致特性试验研究

双烟囱结构在自然风作用下存在气动干扰效应,从而诱发较大风致振动,威胁结构安全.合理计算和预测风振响应是双烟囱抗风设计的关键.以某中心距为8倍平均直径的双烟囱结构为研究对象,开展刚性模型测力和气弹模型测振风洞试验,将试验结果与中国规范、欧洲规范和CICIND(International Committee on Industrial Construction)规范计算值进行比较,详细研究双烟囱在不同风向角下的风致响应特性.研究结果表明:在烟囱串列布置下,迎风侧烟囱具有遮挡和干扰效应,一方面使得背风侧烟囱底部弯矩减小,另一方面使其横风向位移大于在其他风向角下的值;由于厂房的干扰效应,风振系数中国规范计算值与试验值接近;当烟囱高度超过厂房高度后,计算值较试验值偏大;对于横向响应,中国规范计算值较试验值大37.1%,欧洲规范计算值与试验值接近,仅偏小6.9%,CICIND规范计算值比试验值小17.1%.

无铁心双层绕组超导直线同步电机参数优化设计

超导电动磁悬浮(electrodynamic suspension,EDS)技术具有自稳定、效率高、工作气隙大等优势,是高速磁悬浮列车发展的主要方向之一。以应用于超导电动悬浮列车的双层绕组直线同步电机为研究对象,首先,利用谐波分析法推导该电机电磁推力表达式并分析推力波动产生原因。接着,利用三维有限元法研究电机结构参数对电机推力及其波动的影响规律,明确主要结构参数的选取准则。针对磁场的空间衰减特性,提出内外层绕组结构匹配设计方法。然后,基于上述研究确定了一套实验样机尺寸参数,并仿真分析样机电磁性能。最后,研制实验样机并通过推力测量,验证设计方法与理论分析的有效性。

双馈风力发电机组变流器控制参数分步辨识方法

该文通过构建双馈风力发电机组转子侧与网侧控制系统包含8个PI控制器待辨识参数的内、外环传递函数作为参数辨识模型,基于此提出内外环施加不同扰动源的激励方法和基于改进灰狼算法的分步参数辨识方法。为避免内外环PI控制器之间的级联问题,特别选出3个合理的内外环观测量。最后,建立双馈风力发电机组仿真模型,测试所提分步辨识方法可行性,对比扰动下实际模型与辨识模型的观测量输出,证明辨识方法的准确性。

适用于全故障类型的双馈风电场送出线负序电流纵联保护方案

随着双馈风电机组(DFIG)并网容量的增加,给风电场送出线继电保护的整定带来新的挑战,保护动作性能下降甚至会出现拒动和误动的风险。为此,首先分析双馈风电机组负序电流分量特征;然后进一步分析风电场经交、直流并网时交流送出线两侧电流的特征差异,提出一种适用于双馈风电场送出线的负序电流分量纵联保护新方法。该方法利用双馈风电场送出线两侧负序电流的幅值比和相位差构成保护动作判据,同时,利用数据延时在对称故障下构造出负序分量,使其能适用于风电场送出线的各种故障类型,且具有灵敏度高、耐受过渡电阻能力强等优点。最后,在Matlab/Simulink和PSCAD/EMTDC中搭建双馈风电机组电磁暂态仿真模型,仿真分析保护方案在交直流送出线上的适应性。