Functional repair of injured tissue in the adult central nervous system （CNS） still remains a big challenge for current biomed- ical research and its upcoming clinical translation. The axonal regeneration of the adu...Functional repair of injured tissue in the adult central nervous system （CNS） still remains a big challenge for current biomed- ical research and its upcoming clinical translation. The axonal regeneration of the adult CNS is generally low, and it is addi- tionally restricted after injury by the presence of inhibitory mol- ecules, generated by the glial scar.展开更多
The continuous rise of consumer price index (CPI) has increased concern over China's macroeconomic situation. Will inflation have a disastrous impact on the Chinese economy? What risks are brewing behind the boomi...The continuous rise of consumer price index (CPI) has increased concern over China's macroeconomic situation. Will inflation have a disastrous impact on the Chinese economy? What risks are brewing behind the booming real estate and stock markets? Have bubbles already occurred in the Chinese economy? From his office in Guohong Building, Beijing, Dr. Fan Gang gave his views on these questions in an exclusive interview with China Economist.展开更多
Background: The growth and use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the medical field is rapidly rising. AI is exhibiting a practical tool in the healthcare industry in patient care. The objective of this current review...Background: The growth and use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the medical field is rapidly rising. AI is exhibiting a practical tool in the healthcare industry in patient care. The objective of this current review is to assess and analyze the use of AI and its use in orthopedic practice, as well as its applications, limitations, and pitfalls. Methods: A review of all relevant databases such as EMBASE, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, MEDLINE, Science Citation Index, Scopus, and Web of Science with keywords of AI, orthopedic surgery, applications, and drawbacks. All related articles on AI and orthopaedic practice were reviewed. A total of 3210 articles were included in the review. Results: The data from 351 studies were analyzed where in orthopedic surgery. AI is being used for diagnostic procedures, radiological diagnosis, models of clinical care, and utilization of hospital and bed resources. AI has also taken a chunk of share in assisted robotic orthopaedic surgery. Conclusions: AI has now become part of the orthopedic practice and will further increase its stake in the healthcare industry. Nonetheless, clinicians should remain aware of AI’s serious limitations and pitfalls and consider the drawbacks and errors in its use.展开更多
Microbial constituents naturally inhabiting the gastrointestinal tract may influence the homeostasis of the gut environment.The presence or overabundance of some bacterial taxa has been reported to be associated with ...Microbial constituents naturally inhabiting the gastrointestinal tract may influence the homeostasis of the gut environment.The presence or overabundance of some bacterial taxa has been reported to be associated with complex diseases,and the metabolites of certain bacteria may contribute to diverse disorders by influencing signaling pathways.Therefore,the study of gut microbial population has emerged as a crucial field and a new potential area of clinical significance. Advances in the methods of microbiota analysis have shed light upon the details including species diversity,microfloral activities as well as the entire gut microbiota.Nevertheless,comprehensive reviews on this subject are still limited.For elucidating the appropriate selection strategy of the methods to address a particular research question,we comprehensively reviewed the continuously improving technologies,classical to newly developed,and dissected their relative advantages and drawbacks.In addition,aiming at the rapidly advancing next-generation sequencing,we enumerated the improvements in mainstream platforms and made the horizontal and vertical comparison among them.Additionally,we demonstrated the four main-omics methods,which may provide further mechanistic insights into the role of microbiota,to propel phylotyping analysis to functional analysis.展开更多
We presented a novel Fourier-Bessel（FB）series and Wigner-Hough transform（WHT） method for the analysis of multi-component non-stationary signals.The FB series decomposed multi-component nonstationary signals into m...We presented a novel Fourier-Bessel（FB）series and Wigner-Hough transform（WHT） method for the analysis of multi-component non-stationary signals.The FB series decomposed multi-component nonstationary signals into mono-component signals. The Wigner-Ville distribution（WVD） was applied to each mono-component signal to analyze its time-frequency distribution（TFD）. Summing up the WVDs of the individual components resulted in TFDs of the multicomponent signals, where the cross terms and noise were significantly reduced. The Hough transform（HT）was applied on the TFD of the multi-component signal（obtained from FB-WVD）. The HT provides an important tool for mapping the signals onto a parameter space where the detection and estimation problems are made easier. This mapping can be used in the detection and parameter estimation of signals which are unknown and embedded in noise.展开更多
The background, history and development of numerical modeling of suspension two-phase flows and their combustion are reviewed. Different models, including single-fluid model, particle trajectory model, multifluid mode...The background, history and development of numerical modeling of suspension two-phase flows and their combustion are reviewed. Different models, including single-fluid model, particle trajectory model, multifluid model and continuum-trajectory model, their numerical procedure and application are discussed. The advantage and drawback of these models are analyzed. Finally, the prospect of development is described and the contributions made by the present author are also incorporated.展开更多
B. Network Architectures This section describes the main types of industrial and utility communication network topologies and protocols, in preparation for the discussion of specific security issues in the later secti...B. Network Architectures This section describes the main types of industrial and utility communication network topologies and protocols, in preparation for the discussion of specific security issues in the later sections. Communication networks for industrial automation are typically built in hierarchi-展开更多
The idea of steam injection gas turbine cycle system is to inject steam generated by gas turbine exhaust gas into the gas turbine itself in order to raise its specific output and efficiency. The main advantages of thi...The idea of steam injection gas turbine cycle system is to inject steam generated by gas turbine exhaust gas into the gas turbine itself in order to raise its specific output and efficiency. The main advantages of this cycle are: the part load performance is excellent when it is used for cogeneration, the system is rather simple compared with conventional combined cycles; its drawback is the consumption of certain amount of make-up water, although the quantity is not very large and the expenditure is not expensive.展开更多
A duty drawback is an export subsidy determined as a percentage of the tariffs paid on the imported inputs used in its production. This paper examines the revenue-constrained optimal tariff structure in a small open e...A duty drawback is an export subsidy determined as a percentage of the tariffs paid on the imported inputs used in its production. This paper examines the revenue-constrained optimal tariff structure in a small open economy including a duty drawback as a trade policy tool. This paper has two main aims. First, we show that the revenue-constrained optimal combination of tariff and duty drawback for a given revenue level is not unique. Second, we show that if the optimal import tariff rates are all positive when the duty drawback rate is zero, then the optimal import tariff rates are always positive when the duty drawback is positive.展开更多
基金supported by MEYS of the Czech Republic,No.LO1309
文摘Functional repair of injured tissue in the adult central nervous system （CNS） still remains a big challenge for current biomed- ical research and its upcoming clinical translation. The axonal regeneration of the adult CNS is generally low, and it is addi- tionally restricted after injury by the presence of inhibitory mol- ecules, generated by the glial scar.
文摘The continuous rise of consumer price index (CPI) has increased concern over China's macroeconomic situation. Will inflation have a disastrous impact on the Chinese economy? What risks are brewing behind the booming real estate and stock markets? Have bubbles already occurred in the Chinese economy? From his office in Guohong Building, Beijing, Dr. Fan Gang gave his views on these questions in an exclusive interview with China Economist.
文摘Background: The growth and use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the medical field is rapidly rising. AI is exhibiting a practical tool in the healthcare industry in patient care. The objective of this current review is to assess and analyze the use of AI and its use in orthopedic practice, as well as its applications, limitations, and pitfalls. Methods: A review of all relevant databases such as EMBASE, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, MEDLINE, Science Citation Index, Scopus, and Web of Science with keywords of AI, orthopedic surgery, applications, and drawbacks. All related articles on AI and orthopaedic practice were reviewed. A total of 3210 articles were included in the review. Results: The data from 351 studies were analyzed where in orthopedic surgery. AI is being used for diagnostic procedures, radiological diagnosis, models of clinical care, and utilization of hospital and bed resources. AI has also taken a chunk of share in assisted robotic orthopaedic surgery. Conclusions: AI has now become part of the orthopedic practice and will further increase its stake in the healthcare industry. Nonetheless, clinicians should remain aware of AI’s serious limitations and pitfalls and consider the drawbacks and errors in its use.
文摘Microbial constituents naturally inhabiting the gastrointestinal tract may influence the homeostasis of the gut environment.The presence or overabundance of some bacterial taxa has been reported to be associated with complex diseases,and the metabolites of certain bacteria may contribute to diverse disorders by influencing signaling pathways.Therefore,the study of gut microbial population has emerged as a crucial field and a new potential area of clinical significance. Advances in the methods of microbiota analysis have shed light upon the details including species diversity,microfloral activities as well as the entire gut microbiota.Nevertheless,comprehensive reviews on this subject are still limited.For elucidating the appropriate selection strategy of the methods to address a particular research question,we comprehensively reviewed the continuously improving technologies,classical to newly developed,and dissected their relative advantages and drawbacks.In addition,aiming at the rapidly advancing next-generation sequencing,we enumerated the improvements in mainstream platforms and made the horizontal and vertical comparison among them.Additionally,we demonstrated the four main-omics methods,which may provide further mechanistic insights into the role of microbiota,to propel phylotyping analysis to functional analysis.
文摘We presented a novel Fourier-Bessel（FB）series and Wigner-Hough transform（WHT） method for the analysis of multi-component non-stationary signals.The FB series decomposed multi-component nonstationary signals into mono-component signals. The Wigner-Ville distribution（WVD） was applied to each mono-component signal to analyze its time-frequency distribution（TFD）. Summing up the WVDs of the individual components resulted in TFDs of the multicomponent signals, where the cross terms and noise were significantly reduced. The Hough transform（HT）was applied on the TFD of the multi-component signal（obtained from FB-WVD）. The HT provides an important tool for mapping the signals onto a parameter space where the detection and estimation problems are made easier. This mapping can be used in the detection and parameter estimation of signals which are unknown and embedded in noise.
文摘The background, history and development of numerical modeling of suspension two-phase flows and their combustion are reviewed. Different models, including single-fluid model, particle trajectory model, multifluid model and continuum-trajectory model, their numerical procedure and application are discussed. The advantage and drawback of these models are analyzed. Finally, the prospect of development is described and the contributions made by the present author are also incorporated.
文摘B. Network Architectures This section describes the main types of industrial and utility communication network topologies and protocols, in preparation for the discussion of specific security issues in the later sections. Communication networks for industrial automation are typically built in hierarchi-
基金Project supported by the Science Fund of Academia Sinica
文摘The idea of steam injection gas turbine cycle system is to inject steam generated by gas turbine exhaust gas into the gas turbine itself in order to raise its specific output and efficiency. The main advantages of this cycle are: the part load performance is excellent when it is used for cogeneration, the system is rather simple compared with conventional combined cycles; its drawback is the consumption of certain amount of make-up water, although the quantity is not very large and the expenditure is not expensive.
文摘A duty drawback is an export subsidy determined as a percentage of the tariffs paid on the imported inputs used in its production. This paper examines the revenue-constrained optimal tariff structure in a small open economy including a duty drawback as a trade policy tool. This paper has two main aims. First, we show that the revenue-constrained optimal combination of tariff and duty drawback for a given revenue level is not unique. Second, we show that if the optimal import tariff rates are all positive when the duty drawback rate is zero, then the optimal import tariff rates are always positive when the duty drawback is positive.
