Effective Components of Dried Ginger in Warming Lung to Reduce Watery Phlegm and In vivo Tissue Distribution Based on the“Syndrome-Efficacy-Biological Sample Analysis”Method

Objective: This study aimed to investigate effective components of dried ginger(DG) in warming lung to reduce watery phlegm and in vivo tissue distribution on the syndrome of cold fluid retained in lung of rats with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) by means of the "syndrome?efficacy?biological sample analysis" method and then to explore its meridian tropism. Methods: Wistar rats were given nasal drops of 200-μL lipopolysaccharide and smoke 30 min two times a day, then put the appropriate dose of ice water, and freeze for an hour to build model rats. On the 16 th day, the drug group was orally administered of DG(500 mg/mL) until the 30 th day. Blood samples and biological tissues were collected from the orbital venous plexus into heparinized hemostasis tubes at 5, 10, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240, and 360 min after the last administration. Using ultraviolet-high-performance liquid chromatography(Waters, USA) method, the effective components were tested, and DAS 3.0 software(Mathematical Pharmacology Professional Committee of China, Shanghai, China) was used to analyze the results. Results: The compounds of DG entering into blood were 6-gingerol, 6-shogaol, and 8-gingerol. Tissue distribution analysis indicates that three active ingredients are widely present in the lung, spleen, kidney, liver, heart, large intestine, stomach, small intestine, and other organs of rats with COPD. Conclusions: 6?gingerol, 6?shogaol, and 8?gingerol belong to effective components of DG in curing the syndrome of cold fluid retained in lung of rats with COPD and mainly distributed in organs including the spleen, stomach, lung, kidney, liver, and heart.

Metabolomics of ginger based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry technology

Objectives:Dried ginger and ginger are the same type of medicine and food.The differential components of ginger and dried ginger,dried ginger and ginger charcoal were investigated.Materials and Methods:The experimental materials were divided into three sample groups:the ginger group,dried ginger group,and ginger charcoal group.The ginger group,dried ginger group,and ginger charcoal group were qualitatively analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry.The data were processed by Marker View Software.Principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least-square discriminant analysis were performed with SIMCA 13.0 Software.The differential components of the ginger and dried ginger groups as well as the dried ginger and ginger charcoal groups with a variable importance in the projection>2(P<0.05)were identified with PeakView 1.2 Software.Results:Ten differential components,including 6-gingerol,8-gingerol,and 10-gingerol,were identified between the ginger group and dried ginger group;13 differential components,including 6-shogaol,10-gingerol,and zingiberone,were identified between the dried ginger group and ginger charcoal group.Conclusions:The main differential components between the ginger and dried ginger groups and the dried ginger and ginger charcoal groups were gingerols and diphenylheptanes.Based on metabolomics analysis of the chemical composition of ginger’s medicinal materials,effects,and other related factors,it is recommended that 6-gingerol,6-shogaol,and zingiberone should be used as indicative components for the respective quality evaluation of ginger,dried ginger and ginger charcoal.The results of this study may provide a basis for the reasonable quality evaluation of ginger medicinal materials.