Effects of drip and flood irrigation on carbon dioxide exchange and crop growth in the maize ecosystem in the Hetao Irrigation District,China

Drip irrigation and flood irrigation are major irrigation methods for maize crops in the Hetao Irrigation District,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,China.This research delves into the effects of these irrigation methods on carbon dioxide(CO_(2))exchange and crop growth in this region.The experimental site was divided into drip and flood irrigation zones.The irrigation schedules of this study aligned with the local commonly used irrigation schedule.We employed a developed chamber system to measure the diurnal CO_(2)exchange of maize plants during various growth stages under both drip and flood irrigation methods.From May to September in 2020 and 2021,two sets of repeated experiments were conducted.In each experiment,a total of nine measurements of CO_(2)exchange were performed to obtain carbon exchange data at different growth stages of maize crop.During each CO_(2)exchange measurement event,CO_(2)flux data were collected every two hours over a day-long period to capture the diurnal variations in CO_(2)exchange.During each CO_(2)exchange measurement event,the biological parameters(aboveground biomass and crop growth rate)of maize and environmental parameters(including air humidity,air temperature,precipitation,soil water content,and photosynthetically active radiation)were measured.The results indicated a V-shaped trend in net ecosystem CO_(2)exchange in daytime,reducing slowly at night,while the net assimilation rate(net primary productivity)exhibited a contrasting trend.Notably,compared with flood irrigation,drip irrigation demonstrated significantly higher average daily soil CO_(2)emission and greater average daily CO_(2)absorption by maize plants.Consequently,within the maize ecosystem,drip irrigation appeared more conducive to absorbing atmospheric CO_(2).Furthermore,drip irrigation demonstrated a faster crop growth rate and increased aboveground biomass compared with flood irrigation.A strong linear relationship existed between leaf area index and light utilization efficiency,irrespective of the irrigation method.Notably,drip irrigation displayed superior light use efficiency compared with flood irrigation.The final yield results corroborated these findings,indicating that drip irrigation yielded higher harvest index and overall yield than flood irrigation.The results of this study provide a basis for the selection of optimal irrigation methods commonly used in the Hetao Irrigation District.This research also serves as a reference for future irrigation studies that consider measurements of both carbon emissions and yield simultaneously.

Insights into the mechanism of L-malic acid on drip loss of chicken meat under commercial conditions

Background A deterioration in the meat quality of broilers has attracted much more attention in recent years.L-malic acid(MA)is evidenced to decrease meat drip loss in broilers,but the underlying molecular mechanisms are still unclear.It’s also not sure whether the outputs obtained under experimental conditions can be obtained in a com-mercial condition.Here,we investigated the effects and mechanisms of dietary MA supplementation on chicken meat drip loss at large-scale rearing.Results Results showed that the growth performance and drip loss were improved by MA supplementation.Meat metabolome revealed that L-2-aminoadipic acid,β-aminoisobutyric acid,eicosapentaenoic acid,and nicotinamide,as well as amino acid metabolism pathways connected to the improvements of meat quality by MA addition.The transcriptome analysis further indicated that the effect of MA on drip loss was also related to the proper immune response,evidenced by the enhanced B cell receptor signaling pathway,NF-κB signaling pathway,TNF signaling pathway,and IL-17 signaling pathway.Conclusions We provided evidence that MA decreased chicken meat drip loss under commercial conditions.Metabolome and transcriptome revealed a comprehensive understanding of the underlying mechanisms.Together,MA could be used as a promising dietary supplement for enhancing the water-holding capacity of chicken meat.

Quantitative Analysis of Frosting Characteristics on the Drip Tray of A Cryogenic Valve for LNG Ships

Cryogenic valves play a crucial role in the production and transportation of liquefied natural gas(LNG),and are primarily responsible for efficiently controlling the inflow and outflow of LNG and regulating pressure.However,due to their operation in low-temperature and high-humidity environments,crucial components such as drip trays are susceptible to frosting,which may lead to LNG leakage,thereby causing severe safety incidents.In this study,the user-defined function(UDF)is employed to redevelop Fluent,which integrates the frost growth model with the Eulerian multiphase flow model,to conduct a quantitative analysis of frosting on drip trays of cryogenic valves.The effects of environmental parameters,such as wind speed,ambient temperature,air humidity,and cold surface temperature on the growth of the frost layer were analyzed.This study reveals a limiting wind speed between 1 m/s and 2 m/s.Upon reaching this limit speed,the growth of the frost layer reaches its maximum,and further increases in the wind speed have no significant effect on the growth of the frost layer.Furthermore,the influence of the change in the flow field on droplet impingement and freezing during the growth of the frost layer is considered through the coupling method of the kinematic characteristics of water droplets and the collection coefficient of water droplets.This study identifies the influence of different parameters on the droplet impact efficiency,leading to the modification of the frost layer on the drip tray.

Exploring the combination of biochar‐amended soil and automated irrigation technology for water regulation and preservation in green infrastructure

Biochar is a carbon sink material with the potential to improve water retention in various soils.However,for the long‐term maintenance of green infrastructure,there is an additional need to regulate the water contents in the covers to maintain vegetation growth in semiarid conditions.In this study,biochar‐amended soil was combined with subsurface drip irrigation,and the water preservation characteristics of this treatment were investigated through a series of one‐dimensional soil column tests.To ascertain the best treatment method specific to semiarid climatic conditions,the test soil was amended with 0%,1%,3%,and 5%biochar.Automatic irrigation devices equipped with soil moisture sensors were used to control the subsurface water content with the aim of enhancing vegetation growth.Each soil column test lasted 150 h,during which the volumetric water contents and soil suction data were recorded.The experimental results reveal that the soil specimen amended with 3%biochar is the most water‐saving regardless of the time cost.Soil with a higher biochar content(e.g.,5%)consumes a more significant amount of water due to the enhancement of the water‐holding capacity.Based on the experimental results,it can be concluded that the appropriate ratio can be determined within 1%–3%,which can reduce not only the amount of irrigated/used water but also the time cost.Such technology can be explored for water content regulation in green infrastructure and the development of barriers for protecting the environment around deep underground waste containment.

Integrated network pharmacology and metabolomics to explore the mechanisms of Shenzao dripping pill against chronic myocardial ischemia

Background:Shenzao dripping pill(SZDP)is empirically prescribed for treating cardiac diseases.Nevertheless,there is a lack of comprehensive knowledge regarding the underlying mechanisms contributing to its therapeutic effects.The objective of this study is to investigate the underlying mechanism of SZDP against chronic myocardial ischemia(CMI)in a rat model.Methods:In this study,we utilized electrocardiographic and echocardiographic detection along with pathological tissue analysis to evaluate the efficacy of SZDP.The integration of network pharmacology and metabolomics was conducted to investigate the mechanisms.Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations were used to validate the binding energy between the compounds of SZDP and the associated targets.Results:The results showed that SZDP was able to improve T wave voltage,reverse CMI abnormalities in ejection fraction and fractional shortening,and restore histopathological heart damage.Metabolomics results indicated that disturbances of metabolic profile in CMI rats were partly corrected after SZDP administration,mainly affecting purine metabolism.13-Docosenamide may be the potential metabolic biomarker of the therapeutic application of SZDP for CMI.Integrating network pharmacology and metabolomics,thiopurine S-methyltransferase(TPMT),xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase(XDH),bifunctional purine biosynthesis protein ATIC(ATIC),and cytochrome p4501A1(CYP1A1)were identified as possible targets of SZDP to exert therapeutic effects by enhancing the metabolic levels of L-Tryptophan,Deoxyribose 1-phosphate and Phosphoribosyl formamidocarboxamide.Conclusion:SZDP has a therapeutic effect on CMI by regulating metabolite levels,acting on the targets of TMPT,XDH,ATIC,and CYP1A1,and reducing cardiomyocyte injury and myocardial fibrosis.

Irrigation and Thermal Buffering Using Mathematical Modeling

Two methods of irrigation,drip,and sprinkler were studied to determine the response of the Javits green roof to irrigation.The control study was dry unirrigated plots.Drip irrigation consisted of irrigation tubes running through the green roof that would water the soil throughout and sprinkler irrigation used a sprinkler system to irrigate the green roof from above.In all cases,the irrigated roofs had increased the soil moisture,reduced temperatures of both the upper and lower surfaces,reduced growing medium temperatures and reduced air temperatures above the green roof relative to the unirrigated roof.The buffered temperature fluctuations were also studied via air conditioner energy consumption.There was a 28%reduction in air conditioner energy consumption and a 33%reduction in overall energy consumption between dry and irrigated plots.Values of thermal resistance or S were determined for accuracy and for this study,there was little change which is ideal.A series of infra-red and thermal probe measurements were used to determine temperatures in the air and sedum.It was determined that the sprinkler irrigation did a better job than the drip irrigation in keeping cooler temperatures within the green roof.A Mann-Whitney U test was performed to verify the variation in moisture temperatures buffering energy consumption.By getting a p-value<0.05,it indicates that the model is accurate for prediction and medium temperatures were statistically different.

数字化技术助力智慧农业发展研究

本文在梳理相关文献、实地调查访谈智慧农业基地及企业的基础上,提炼出一定程度上能助力智慧农业发展的通用模式和经验,构建DRIP创新发展模型,并指出当前智慧农业发展所面临的现实困境,据此提出针对性的建议,以期利用数字化技术来助力智慧农业发展。

Flu DRiPs in MHC Class Ⅰ Immunosurveillance

Since the publication of the DRiP(defective ribosomal product) hypothesis in 1996, numerous studies have addressed the contribution of DRiPs to generating viral antigenic peptides for CD8^+T cell immunosurveillance. Here, we review studies characterizing the generation of antigenic peptides from influenza A virus encoded DRiPs, discuss the many remaining mysteries regarding the nature of their co-translational generation, and speculate on where the future might lead.

Drip fertigation and plant hedgerows significantly reduce nitrogen and phosphorus losses and maintain high fruit yields in intensive orchards

A field experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of drip fertigation combined with plant hedgerows on nitrogen and phosphorus runoff losses in intensive pear orchards in the Tai Lake Basin.Nitrogen and phosphorus runoff over a whole year were measured by using successional runoff water collection devices.The four experimental treatments were conventional fertilization(CK),drip fertigation(DF),conventional fertilization combined with plant hedgerows(C+H),and drip fertigation combined with plant hedgerows(D+H).The results from one year of continuous monitoring showed a significant positive correlation between precipitation and surface runoff discharge.Surface runoff discharge under the treatments without plant hedgerows totaled 15.86%of precipitation,while surface runoff discharge under the treatments with plant hedgerows totaled 12.82%of precipitation.Plant hedgerows reduced the number of runoff events and the amount of surface runoff.Precipitation is the main driving force for the loss of nitrogen and phosphorus in surface runoff,and fertilization is an important factor affecting the losses of nitrogen and phosphorus.In CK,approximately 7.36%of nitrogen and 2.63%of phosphorus from fertilization entered the surface water through runoff.Drip fertigation reduced the accumulation of nitrogen and phosphorus in the surface soil and lowered the runoff loss concentrations of total nitrogen(TN)and total phosphorus(TP).Drip fertigation combined with plant hedgerows significantly reduced the overall TN and TP losses by 45.38 and 36.81%,respectively,in comparison to the CK totals.Drip fertigation increased the vertical migration depth of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients and reduced the accumulation of nitrogen and phosphorus in the surface soil,which increased the pear yield.The promotion of drip fertigation combined with plant hedgerows will greatly reduce the losses of nitrogen and phosphorus to runoff and maintain the high fruit yields in the intensive orchards of the Tai Lake Basin.

Growth and nitrogen productivity of drip-irrigated winter wheat under different nitrogen fertigation strategies in the North China Plain

Excessive application of nitrogen (N) fertilizer is the main cause of N loss and poor use efficiency in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production in the North China Plain (NCP).Drip fertigation is considered to be an effective method for improving N use efficiency and reducing losses,while the performance of drip fertigation in winter wheat is limited by poor N scheduling.A two-year field experiment was conducted to evaluate the growth,development and yield of drip-fertigated winter wheat under different split urea (46%N,240 kg ha^(-1)) applications.The six treatments consisted of five fertigation N application scheduling programs and one slow-release fertilizer (SRF) application.The five N scheduling treatments were N0–100 (0%at sowing and 100%at jointing/booting),N25–75 (25%at sowing and 75%at jointing and booting),N50–50(50%at sowing and 50%at jointing/booting),N75–25 (75%at sowing and 25 at jointing/booting),and N100–0 (100%at sowing and 0%at jointing/booting).The SRF (43%N,240 kg ha^(-1)) was only used as fertilizer at sowing.Split N application significantly (P<0.05) affected wheat grain yield,yield components,aboveground biomass (ABM),water use efficiency(WUE) and nitrogen partial factor productivity (NPFP).The N50–50 and SRF treatments respectively had the highest yield(8.84 and 8.85 t ha^(-1)),ABM (20.67 and 20.83 t ha^(-1)),WUE (2.28 and 2.17 kg m^(-3)) and NPFP (36.82 and 36.88 kg kg^(-1)).This work provided substantial evidence that urea-N applied in equal splits between basal and topdressing doses compete economically with the highly expensive SRF for fertilization of winter wheat crops.Although the single-dose SRF could reduce labor costs involved with the traditional method of manual spreading,the drip fertigation system used in this study with the N50–50 treatment provides an option for farmers to maintain wheat production in the NCP.

Effect of fertigation frequency on soil nitrogen distribution and tomato yield under alternate partial root-zone drip irrigation

Alternate partial root-zone drip fertigation (ADF) is a combination of alternating irrigation and drip fertigation,with the potential to save water and increase nitrogen (N) fertilizer efficiency.A 2-year greenhouse experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of different fertigation frequencies on the distribution of soil moisture and nutrients and tomato yield under ADF.The treatments included three ADF frequencies with intervals of 3 days (F3),6 days (F6) and 12 days (F12),and conventional drip fertigation as a control (CK),which was fertilized once every 6 days.For the ADF treatments,two drip tapes were placed 10 cm away on each side of the tomato row,and alternate drip irrigation was realized using a manual valve on the distribution tapes.For the CK treatment,a drip tape was located close to the roots of the tomato plants.The total N application rate of all treatments was 180 kg ha^(-1).The total irrigation amounts applied to the CK treatment were450.6 and 446.1 mm in 2019 and 2020,respectively;and the irrigation amounts applied to the ADF treatments were 60%of those of the CK treatment.The F3 treatment resulted in water and N being distributed mainly in the 0–40-cm soil layer with less water and N being distributed in the 40–60-cm soil layer.The F6 treatment led to 21.0 and 29.0%higher 2-year average concentration of mineral N in the 0–20 and 20–40-cm soil layer,respectively and a 23.0%lower N concentration in the 40–60-cm soil layer than in the CK treatment.The 2-year average tomato yields of the F3,F6,F12,and CK treatments were 107.5,102.6,87.2,and 98.7 t ha^(-1),respectively.The tomato yield of F3 was significantly higher (23.3%) than that in the F12 treatment,whereas there was no significant difference between the F3 and F6 treatment.The F6 treatment resulted in yield similar to the CK treatment,indicating that ADF could maintain tomato yield with a 40%saving in water use.Based on the distribution of water and N,and tomato yield,a fertigation frequency of 6 days under ADF should be considered as a water-saving strategy for greenhouse tomato production.

Liqi Huoxue dripping pill protects against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury via the PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β signaling pathway in rats

Background:Liqi Huoxue dripping pill(LQHXDP),a traditional Chinese drug for coronary heart disease,has a protective effect on the heart of rats with myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury(MIRI)in previous studies;however,its mechanism of action remains unclear.The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective mechanism of LQHXDP on MIRI in rats and its relationship with the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.Methods:In this study,Sprague-Dawley rats were pre-infused with LQHXDP(175 mg/kg/d)for 10 days.PI3K inhibitor LY294002(0.3 mg/kg)was intravenously injected 15 minutes before ischemia.The rat model of MIRI was established by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery.Subsequently,cardiac hemodynamics,serum myocardial injury markers,inflammatory factors,myocardial infarct size,antioxidant indexes,myocardial histopathology,and phosphorylation levels of key proteins of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway were assessed in rats.Results:LQHXDP was found to improve cardiac hemodynamic indexes,reduce serum creatine kinase MB isoenzyme activity and cardiac troponin and heart-type fatty acid binding protein levels,lower serum interleukin-1 beta,interleukin-6 and tumour necrosis factorαlevels,reduce the myocardial infarct size and enhance the antioxidant capacity of myocardial tissue in MIRI rats.Pathological analysis revealed that LQHXDP attenuated the extent of myocardial injury and protected mitochondria from damage in MIRI rats.Immunoblot analysis revealed that LQHXDP increased the expression levels of p-Akt and p-GSK-3βin MIRI rat cardiomyocytes.PI3K inhibitor LY294002 could impair these effects of LQHXDP.Conclusion:LQHXDP attenuated myocardial injury,attenuated oxidative stress injury and reduced inflammatory response in MIRI rats,and its protective effects were mediated by activating of PI3K/Akt/GSK-3βsignaling pathway.

Green High-yield and High-efficiency Cultivation Techniques of Integrated Management of Water and Fertilizer for Maize under Mulch Drip Irrigation

The green high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation techniques of integrated management of water and fertilizer for maize under mulch drip irrigation are described from the aspects of high yield target of maize and its component factor indexes,pre-sowing preparation,sowing,post-sowing management,field management at the seedling stage,integrated management of water and fertilizer for target yield of maize,rational application of micro-fertilizer,comprehensive prevention and control of diseases and pests,timely harvest,etc.,in order to provide a reference for agricultural technicians,maize farmers and maize industry development in northern Xinjiang.

High-yield Cultivation Techniques of Drip Irrigation under Ground Membrane for Cotton

Yuepuhu County in Xinjiang has a long history of cotton planting and is a national high-quality cotton base county.In 2002,it was appraised by the Ministry of Agriculture as the"Hometown of High-yield Cotton Production in China",with an annual cotton planting area of about 43000 ha.Traditional cotton planting has disadvantages such as waste of water resources,low water use efficiency,easy breeding of diseases and insect pests,and unfavorable ground temperature recovery at the seedling stage.In order to solve the low water use efficiency in cotton planting in Yuepuhu County,reduce the occurrence of diseases and insect pests,promote sustainable cotton production,and improve the economic benefits and local ecological benefits of cotton planting,Yuepuhu County promoted the application of the resource-saving technology drip irrigation under ground membrane cotton comprehensive cultivation technology mainly promoted by the Ministry of Agriculture.This paper mainly discusses the disadvantages of traditional cotton planting,the main technical content of drip irrigation under ground membrane technology,the problems found in the practice process and the solutions,so as make cotton growers in Yuepuhu County better understand the planting technology under plastic film,and to better promote the development of cotton industry in Yuepuhu County and the surrounding regions.

鼻后滴漏综合征综合治疗分析

鼻后滴漏综合征（postnasal drip syndrome,PNDs）是指因变应性或非变应性鼻腔、鼻窦炎性分泌物倒流入咽,引起的慢性咳嗽、咽异物感等一系列症状。PNDs并非独立性疾病,其病因多样,是引起慢性咳嗽的重要原因之一[1],若不能明确诊断,针对病因和症状治疗,则效果不佳。我科2013年6月~2014年3月采用个体化综合治疗方案治疗鼻后滴漏综合征120例,取得良好效果,现报道如下。

新建地方本科院校英语专业听力课堂教学模式初探

英语听力课程是英语专业的一门基础技能课程,在多年的教学中,作者发现新建地方本科院校的学生听力技能发展滞后。针对这一现状,作者在建构主义哲学、输入假说及任务型教学法的指导下,对新建地方本科院校的听力课堂教学模式进行了初步的设计,提出了代表听力课堂教学中四个环节的DRIP教学模式,以期改善听力课堂教学效果。

Influences of Surface Drip Irrigation on the Growth, Yield and Quality of Several New Species of Guitang Sugarcane

[Objective] This paper discussed the influences of surface drip irrigation on the growth, yield and quality of several new species of Guitang, in order to provide references for the promotion of new species and high-yield cultivation. [Method] One species is planted in each region, and there were two controls dripping technology or no-dripping technology in each region. [Results] The average yield of dripping-pro- cessed land was 115.91 t/hm2, which was 19.73 t/hm2 higher than the control. The maximum output was GT31, followed by GT34. The output of all Guitang new species was higher than the control ROC22. The average sucrose of dripped sug- arcane was 14.68%, which was 0.19% less than the control of 14.83%. The drip- ping technology was economically beneficial, rising by 15.2% compared with the control. The highest dripping efficiency was GT31, while the lowest one was ROC22. The increasing ratios of drip irrigation efficiency of the tested new Guitang species were higher than ROC22. [Conclusions] Under the drip irrigation condition, the sugarcane yield was extremely higher than the control of non-dripping irrigation, and the economic efficiency was significant. However, the sugar in the sugarcane declined slightly. The sensitivity of several new Guitang species to water was higher than the control ROC22.

Effects of Different Irrigation Amounts on Water Consumption and Water Use Efficiency of Dripirrigated Celery

This study aimed to investigate the effects of different irrigation amounts on water consumption and water use efficiency of celery under the condition of drip irrigation, so as to provide a scientific basis for high-yielding, high-quality and highefficiency cultivation and water-saving irrigation of greenhouse celery. Total five irrigation amounts were designed, 117.5 （T1）, 160.0 （T2）, 202.5 （T3）, 245.0 （T4） and 287.5 （CK） mm/hm2, and the effects of different irrigation amounts on yield, water consumption and water use efficiency of celery were studied by plot experiment. The results showed that at the soil depth of 0-40 cm, the soil water storages of different treatments ranked as T3＇s〉T4＇s〉CK＇s〉T2＇s〉T1＇s, and the celery water consumptions ranked as CK＇s〉T4＇s〉T3＇s〉T2＇s〉T1＇s. At the same time, the soil water storage in different treatment group declined with the growth of celery, and finally increased at the harvest period. Among different irrigation amounts, the water use effi- ciency and irrigation water use efficiency all ranked as T1＇s〉T2＇s〉T3＇s〉T4＇s〉CK＇s. The water consumption of celery was positively related to irrigation amount （P〈 0.01）, and was negatively related to water use efficiency （P〈0.01） and irrigation water use efficiency （P〈0.05）. When the irrigation amount was below 253 mm/hm2, the celery yield was positively related to irrigation amount （P〈0.01）. There was also a positive correlation between celery output and irrigation amount. Compared with those of CK, the benefit of the T4 treatment group was equal, and the water consumption was reduced by 14.78%. In high-efficiency solar greenhouse, the irrigation amount of drip-irrigated celery is recommended as 245 mm/hm2.

Study on Liquid Special Fertilizer for Drip Irrigation of Sugarcane and Its Irrigation Mode in Guangxi Lateritic Red Soil Region

[Objective] Liquid special fertilizer for drip irrigation of sugarcane was de- veloped and the fertilizer patterns were explored in the production to provide techni- cal support for fertigation production of modern agriculture. [Method] ROC22 was selected as experimental material, two formulas of liquid special fertilizer for sugar- cane developed by the cooperation between Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sci- ences and New Orientation （Guangxi） Chemical Industry Co.,Ltd. were selected, namely, balanced 21-21-21 ~ TE of Xinfangxiang and hyperkalemic 13-6-39-TE of Xinfangxiang. Taking conventional fertilization as the control （CK）, two modes of ap- plying base fertilizer at the earlier stage ＋ fertigation in the tillering stage and ferti- gation in the whole growth period were set. [Result] The two modes of fertilization had not significant effects on the emergence of sugarcane, but applying base fertil- izer at the earlier stage ＋ timely applying water soluble fertilizer in the tillering stage was conducive to the tillering of sugarcane. Harvest results showed that the effects of different treatments on plant height and yield were significant, in which the yield of sugarcane under the treatment of hyperkalemic water-soluble fertilizer increased by 13.04% compared with conventional treatment, and the income increased by 4 500 yuan/hm2, [Conclusion] Liquid special fertilizer for drip irrigation of sugarcane signifi- cantly promoted the growth of sugarcane, moreover, under the same condition, the effect of hyperkalemic water-soluble fertilizer was better.

Effects of Addition of Bee Pollen on Water Holding Capacity of Pork

[ Objective] To explore the effects of different proportion of bee pollen on the water holding capacity of pork in Duroc Landrace x Yorkshire growing-finishing pigs in order to determine the optimal proportion. [ Method] A total of 80 Duroc x Landrace x Yorkshire growing-finishing pigs, weighing （10.0 ± 1.0） kg, were randomly divided into five groups. The experimental period was 120 d including the 5-day pre-feecling period. The corn-soybean meal was not replaced during the whole period. All pigs had free access to feed and water. The pigs were fasting for 24 h but not prohibited from feed before the beginning. Group I was the control group reared with the diet not supplemented bee pollen. The pigs in group II, III ,IV and V were reared with the diet supplemented bee pollen at the concentration of 1%, 3%, 5% and 7%, respectively. After slaughtering, eye muscle was used for determination of water holding capacity through fast filter paper method, drip loss method, cooking loss method and Na- pole yield determination method. [ Resultl With the increase of the proportion of bee pollen, the water holding capacity of pork was first good and then poor. The addition of bee pollen at the concentration of 5% significantly reduced the drip loss of pork and the water holding capacity which was detected by fast filter paper method, but the cooking loss and Napole yield were not significantly influenced. [ Condmion] The bee pollen can effectively improve the water holding capacity of pork in Duroc x Landrace x Yorkshire growing-finishing pigs, and the optimal proportion is 5%.