How to Provide Effective Feedback to Young Learners:Lessons Learnt from Driver Training

In Australia,and around the world,there is a continuous debate about the ways of delivering a message,instruction,or feedback effectively to improve students’learning and performance.Contemporary cognitive skills training approaches have emerged as a result of further development of effective cognitive skills training in different contexts,such as education,aviation,and driving.One of the effective cognitive-based training is feedback.Feedback is an important component in learning,including the development of safe driving for novice drivers.Research shows that feedback can reduce the number of speeding occurrences,and the likelihood of speeding-related incidents and accidents,but it is not clear how to provide effective feedback to young learners.This paper reviews the literature and examines various aspects of feedback as a training intervention for young drivers and provides recommendation for effective use for young learners.The results explored the characteristics of feedback including multiple dimensions:content,source,medium of delivery,timing and frequency.Importantly,its effectiveness in improving an individual performance depends on effective utilization of these characteristics.The results showed that the most effective type of feedback(considering all feedback characteristics)in improving young novice drivers’performance in terms of speed compliance is feedback about performance,financial and safety implications(content),provided verbally and graphically(medium in which provided),by an instructor(researcher;source),immediately after the drive(time),once or twice(frequency).These results have important implications for the development of new training approaches to improving young drivers’speed management behaviour.

Serum Concentrations of Angiotensin, C-Reactive Protein, Interleukin-8, and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α in Train Driver Population

Train drivers are engaged in high-stress job. It may induce sleep, fatigue, and alertness loss at work, and endanger public safety. It’s unclear that cytokines of train driver would be influenced by their job. The research considers the hypothesis that stressful professions, such as train driver, influence the body’s immune system through the long-time and high-pressure working, and change production of neuro-immune factors. Using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), several neuro-immune factors were assayed among train drivers (N = 82) and health blood donors (N = 80) enrolled in the Yunnan Collaborative Innovation Center for Public Health and Disease Control. The concentrations of angiotensin, C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were determined. Kruskal-Wallis test and Dunn’s multiple comparisons test were performed for overall comparison between groups and for pairwise comparison, respectively. Statistical significance level was set at P < 0.05. The profession of train driving was not associated with significant increases or decreases in the systemic levels of inflammatory (CRP, IL-8, and TNF-α), but it was associated with the high expression of angiotensin in vivo. These findings suggest that the job of train driving may not be associated with significant alterations in systemic immune condition, but arouse the level of angiotensin.

Vocational Training for the World Philatelic Exhibition——Training Designed for Taxi Drivers in Luo Yang

To explore skills of enhancing the performance of reception and publicizing World Philatelic Exhibition,Executive Committee of China 2009 World Philatelic Exhibition(China 2009)together with Transporting Management Department of Luo Yang Transportation Bureau run a training course called"Creating a Civilized City,Greeting the World Philatelic Exhibition",April 28,2008. Executives and managers from Luo Yang taxi companies attended the course.There, they were mainly equipped with

Fiber laser with random-access pulse train profiling for a photoinjector driver

We report on the design and performance of a fiber laser system with adaptive acousto-optic macropulse control for a novel photocathode laser driver with 3D ellipsoidal pulse shaping. The laser system incorporates a threestage fiber amplifier with an integrated acousto-optical modulator. A digital electronic control system with feedback combines the functions of the arbitrary micropulse selection and modulation resulting in macropulse envelope profiling. As a benefit, a narrow temporal transparency window of the modulator, comparable to a laser pulse repetition period, effectively improves temporal contrast. In experiments, we demonstrated rectangular laser pulse train profiling at the output of a three-cascade Yb-doped fiber amplifier.