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Methodological challenges to control for immortal time bias in addressing drug effects in type 2 diabetes
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作者 Xi-Lin Yang Xiao-Xu Huo Juliana CN Chan 《World Journal of Methodology》 2015年第3期122-126,共5页
There are multiple biases in using observational studies to examine treatment effects such as those from prevalent drug users, immortal time and drug indications. We used renin angiotensin system(RAS) inhibitors and s... There are multiple biases in using observational studies to examine treatment effects such as those from prevalent drug users, immortal time and drug indications. We used renin angiotensin system(RAS) inhibitors and statins as reference drugs with proven efficacies in randomized clinical trials(RCTs) and examined their effectiveness in the prospective Hong Kong Diabetes Registry using adjustment methods proposed in the literature. Using time-dependent exposures to drug treatments yielded greatly inflated hazard ratios(HR) regarding the treatment effects of these drugs for cardiovascular disease(CVD) in type 2 diabetes. These errors were probably due to changing indications to use these drugs during follow up periods, especially at the time of drug commencement making time-dependent analysis extremely problematic. Using time-fixed analysis with exclusion of immortal time and adjustment for confounders at baseline and/or during follow-up periods, the HR of RAS inhibitors for CVD was comparable to that in RCT. The result supported the use of the Registry for performing pharmacoepidemiological analysis which revealed an attenuated low low-density lipoprotein cholesterol related cancer risk with RAS inhibitors. On the other hand, time-fixed analysis with including immortal time and adjustment for confounders at baseline and/or during follow-up periods, the HR of statins for CVD was similar to that in the RCT. Our results highlight the complexity and difficulty in removing these biases. We call for validations of the methods to cope with immortal time and drug use indications before applying them to particular research questions, so to avoid making erroneous conclusions. 展开更多
关键词 Pharmacoepidemiological analysis IMMORTAL TIME BIAS drug effects Prevalent drug user BIAS drug INDICATION BIAS Type 2 diabetes
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Drug-Drug Interactions in Patients with Breast Cancer
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作者 Balaram Gudapati Terry Oroszi 《Journal of Biosciences and Medicines》 2024年第9期113-131,共19页
The research paper investigates the intricate landscape of drug-drug interactions (DDIs) within the context of breast cancer treatment, with a particular focus on the elderly population and the use of complementary an... The research paper investigates the intricate landscape of drug-drug interactions (DDIs) within the context of breast cancer treatment, with a particular focus on the elderly population and the use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM). The study underscores the heightened susceptibility of elderly patients to DDIs due to the prevalence of polypharmacy and the widespread utilization of CAM among breast cancer patients. The potential ramifications of DDIs, encompassing adverse drug events and diminished treatment efficacy, are elucidated. The paper accentuates the imperative for healthcare providers to comprehensively understand both conventional and CAM therapies, enabling them to provide patients with informed guidance regarding safe and efficacious treatment options, culminating in enhanced patient outcomes. 展开更多
关键词 Breast Cancer drug-drug Interactions POLYPHARMACY Side effects Anti-Cancer drug Failure Complementary and Alternative Medicine
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Why Don’t We Adequately Identify and Manage Adverse Drug Reactions despite Having the Needed Information?
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作者 Mark J. Kupersmith Karl Kieburtz 《Health》 2024年第2期148-159,共12页
Importance/Objective: Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) are unavoidable, but recognizing and addressing ADRs early can improve wellness and prevent permanent injury. We suggest that available medical information and digit... Importance/Objective: Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) are unavoidable, but recognizing and addressing ADRs early can improve wellness and prevent permanent injury. We suggest that available medical information and digital/electronic methods could be used to manage this major healthcare problem for individual patients in real time. Methods: We searched the available digital applications and three literature databases using the medical subject heading terms, adverse drug reaction reporting systems or management, filtered by clinical trial or systemic reviews, to detect publications with data about ADR identification and management approaches. We reviewed the reports that had abstract or summary data or proposed or implemented methods or systems with potential to identify or manage ADRs in clinical settings. Results: The vast majority of the 481 reports used retrospectively collected data for groups of patients or were limited to surveying one population group or class of medication. The reports showed potential and definite associations of ADRs for specific drugs and problems, mostly, but not exclusively, for patients in hospitals and nursing homes. No reports described complete methods to collect comprehensive data on ADRs for individual patients in a healthcare system. The digital applications have ADR information, but all are too cumbersome or incomplete for use in active clinical settings. Several studies suggested that providing information about potential ADRs to clinicians can reduce these problems. Conclusion and Relevance: Although investigators and government agencies agree with the need, there is no comprehensive ADR management program in current use. Informing the patient’s healthcare practitioners of potential ADRs at the point of service has the potential for reduction of these complications, which should improve healthcare and reduce unneeded costs. 展开更多
关键词 Adverse drug Reaction Medication Side effect Identification Medication Complication Medication Safety
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The neuroprotective effects of the anti-diabetic drug linagliptin against Aβ-induced neurotoxicity 被引量:2
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作者 Chih-Li Lin Chien-Ning Huang 《Neural Regeneration Research》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2016年第2期236-237,共2页
Impaired insulin signaling in Alzheimer’s disease(AD)brains:The insulin signaling pathway is a fundamental physiological mechanism that presents in nearly all vertebrate cells.However,sometimes cells stop respondi... Impaired insulin signaling in Alzheimer’s disease(AD)brains:The insulin signaling pathway is a fundamental physiological mechanism that presents in nearly all vertebrate cells.However,sometimes cells stop responding properly to insulin stimulation.This condition is known as insulin resistance,which is a hallmark of two very common conditions,metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes(T2D). 展开更多
关键词 GLP induced neurotoxicity DPP The neuroprotective effects of the anti-diabetic drug linagliptin against A AMPK
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Risk Factors Affecting Ischemic Stroke: A Potential Side Effect of Antihypertensive Drugs 被引量:2
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作者 Kazumitsu Nawata 《Health》 2020年第5期437-455,共19页
Background: Stroke is a worldwide health problem, the world’s second-leading cause of death and third-leading cause of disability. Currently, the majority of stroke patients are ischemic stroke patients. It is necess... Background: Stroke is a worldwide health problem, the world’s second-leading cause of death and third-leading cause of disability. Currently, the majority of stroke patients are ischemic stroke patients. It is necessary to evaluate risk factors to prevent ischemic stroke. Data and Methods: The risk factors for stroke in the previous fiscal year were analyzed. They were divided into nonmodifiable and modifiable factors. The probit and ordered probit models were used in the study, with 59341 and 50542 observations used in the estimation of the models, respectively. Results: Among the nonmodifiable factors, age, gender and cerebrovascular disease history are important risk factors. The history of cerebrovascular diseases is considered to be an especially important factor. Among the modifiable factors, taking antihypertensive drugs and recent large weight change are negative risk factors;however, sleeping well significantly reduces the probability of ischemic stroke. Conclusion: It is very important to ensure that medical personnel know a patient’s history of cerebrovascular diseases for proper treatments. Ischemic stroke might be considered an important side effect of antihypertensive drugs. Limitations: The dataset was observatory. There are various types of antihypertension drugs, and their effects are not analyzed. 展开更多
关键词 STROKE ISCHEMIC STROKE CEREBROVASCULAR History ANTIHYPERTENSIVE drug Side effect
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Medical plant extracts and natural compounds with a hepatoprotective effect against damage caused by antitubercular drugs: A review 被引量:4
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作者 María Adelina Jiménez-Arellanes Gabriel Alfonso Gutiérrez-Rebolledo +1 位作者 Mariana Meckes-Fischer Rosalba León-Díaz 《Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine》 SCIE CAS 2016年第12期1116-1125,共10页
Drug-induced liver injury encompasses a spectrum of diseases ranging from mild biochemical abnormalities to acute liver failure; example of this scenery is hepatotoxicity caused by the first-line antituberculous drugs... Drug-induced liver injury encompasses a spectrum of diseases ranging from mild biochemical abnormalities to acute liver failure; example of this scenery is hepatotoxicity caused by the first-line antituberculous drugs isoniazid, rifampin and pyrazinamide, which are basic for treatment of drug-sensible and drug-resistant tuberculosis. In the search for pharmacological alternatives to prevent liver damage, antitubercular drugs have been the subject of numerous studies and published reviews, a great majority of them carried out by Asian countries. At the same time, hepatoprotectors from plant source are now emerging as a possible alternative to counteract the toxic effects of these therapeutic agents. The present review aims to highlight the most recent studies on the subject, based information published in scientific databases such as Scopus and Pub Med. 展开更多
关键词 Medicinal plants Hepatoprotective effect Antitubercular drugs-induced HEPATOTOXICITY Natural compounds
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The Assessment of the Clinical Effect of the Drug Compatibility and Course of Treatment to the Brucellar Spondylitis 被引量:50
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作者 Xin-Ming Yang Wei Shi +4 位作者 Xian-Yong Meng Ying Zhang Ya-Kun Du Lei Zhang Yao-Yi Wang 《Surgical Science》 2013年第1期92-99,共8页
Objective: To evaluate five drug treatment regimens in the treatment of Brucella spondylitis. Methods: Patients with clinical symptoms compatible and diagnostic test consistent with Brucella spondylitis were randomly ... Objective: To evaluate five drug treatment regimens in the treatment of Brucella spondylitis. Methods: Patients with clinical symptoms compatible and diagnostic test consistent with Brucella spondylitis were randomly assigned to five drug treatment regimens. Results: Combination therapy with doxycycline, rifampin and sulfamethoxazole for 56 consecutive days showed the highest cure rate of 20% after a single course and of 85% after a double course with affectivity rates of 55% and 95%. Cure rate and affectivity rate was significant better (P 0.05) than for patients receiving doxycycline, rifampin and streptomycin for the same period and regimens containing doxycycline were significant better than regimens without this drug. Conclusion: Combination therapy of doxycycline, rifampin and sulfamethoxazole for 8 weeks using one or two full courses should be recommended for Brucella spondylitis. 展开更多
关键词 BRUCELLOSIS SPONDYLITIS CLINIC effect COURSE of TREATMENT drug Compatibility
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Study on Anti-diarrhea Effect of the Prescription of 4 Tibetan Veterinary Drugs 被引量:1
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作者 Jingwei XU Siyin GUO +2 位作者 Dan LI Qian WANG Chaoxi CHEN 《Agricultural Biotechnology》 CAS 2017年第4期32-37,共6页
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of extracts of 4 Tibetan veterinary drugs on bacterial diarrhea, and to guide the clinical treatment of the disease. The inhibitory effects of the extracts of the 4 ... This study was conducted to investigate the effects of extracts of 4 Tibetan veterinary drugs on bacterial diarrhea, and to guide the clinical treatment of the disease. The inhibitory effects of the extracts of the 4 Tibetan veterinary drugs, Veronica ciliate Fisch, Usnea diffracta Vain, Sophoraflavescens var. flavescens, Lamiophlomis rotata ( Benth. ) Kudo on 14 common diarrheagenic bacteria were detected by K-B diffusion method and micro-broth dilution method. Optimization was performed on prescriptions of the 4 Tibetan veterinary drugs using orthogonal design software, and a mouse bacterial diarrhea model was established with a clinical isolate, Salmonella blegdam. According to the LD50 value of the optimal prescription of the 4 Tibetan veterinary drugs, the established mouse bacterial diarrhea model was treated in 3 dose groups, i. e. , the high, middle and low dose groups (0. 060, 0. 030 and 0. 020 g/ml, respectively). The results showed that the 4 Tibetan veterinary drugs had very good inhibitory effects on most of the tested diarrheagenic bacteria, and among them, U. diffracta had better inhibitory effects on all the tested bacteria. The optimal prescription of the d Tibetan veterinary drugs (high dose, 0.06 g/ml) exhibited very good inhibitory effect on mouse diarrhea, indicating that the prescription has very good anti-diarrhea effect, which is beneficial to the clinical treatment of such disease and the development of Tibetan veterinary drugs. 展开更多
关键词 Tibetan veterinary drug EXTRACT Antibacterial effect PRESCRIPTION LD50 ANTI-DIARRHEA Bacterial diarrhea model
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Chromatographic behavior of co-eluted plasma compounds and effect on screening of drugs by APCI-LC-MS(/MS):Applications to selected cardiovascular drugs
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作者 Yahya R.Tahboub 《Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis》 SCIE CAS 2014年第6期384-391,共8页
Chromatographic behavior of co-eluted compounds from un-extracted drug-free plasma samples was studied by LC-MS and LC-MS/MS with positive APCI.Under soft gradient,total ion chromatogram(TIC) consisted of two major ... Chromatographic behavior of co-eluted compounds from un-extracted drug-free plasma samples was studied by LC-MS and LC-MS/MS with positive APCI.Under soft gradient,total ion chromatogram(TIC) consisted of two major peaks separated by a constant lower intensity region.Early peak(0.15-0.4 min) belongs to polar plasma compounds and consisted of smaller mass ions(m/z〈 250);late peak(3.6-4.6 min) belongs to thermally unstable phospholipids and consisted of fragments with mlz〈300.Late peak is more sensitive to variations in chromatographic and MS parameters.Screening of most targeted cardiovascular drugs at levels lower than 50 ng/mL has been possible by LC-MS for drugs with retention factors larger than three.Matrix effects and recovery,at 20 and 200 ng/mL,were evaluated for spiked plasma samples with 15 cardiovascular drugs,by MRM-LC-MS/MS.Average recoveries were above 90%and matrix effects expressed as percent matrix factor(%MF) were above 100%,indicating enhancement character for APCI.Large uncertainties were significant for drugs with smaller masses(m/z〈 250) and retention factors lower than two. 展开更多
关键词 PLASMA APCI-LC-MS Cardiovascular drugs Matrix effects Recovery
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EFFECT OF ANTITUMOR DRUGS ON THE ACTIVITY OF DNA TOPOISOMERASE I
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作者 钱毅 曾桂超 张迺蘅 《Chinese Journal of Cancer Research》 SCIE CAS CSCD 1990年第4期40-44,共5页
The activity of DNA topoisomerase Ⅱ prepared from either normal or tumor tissues were compared. It was found that the unknotting activity of the enzyme in malignant tumor cells was higher than that in normal cells. W... The activity of DNA topoisomerase Ⅱ prepared from either normal or tumor tissues were compared. It was found that the unknotting activity of the enzyme in malignant tumor cells was higher than that in normal cells. We selected some antitumor drugs including Chinese traditional medicine, and observed their effects on the unknotting activity of topoisomerase Ⅱ. The results showed that inhibition of the unknotting activity of the enzyme required very low concentrations of drugs, but much higher concentrations were required for other tested. Some antitumor drugs had no effect on the enzyme were also proved. It is interesting that carrageenan, an antiviral drug, strongly blocked the unknotting activity although its antitumor activity has not been reported. 展开更多
关键词 DNA effect OF ANTITUMOR drugS ON THE ACTIVITY OF DNA TOPOISOMERASE I
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Death as a Drug Side Effect in FAERS: Is Glyphosate Contamination a Factor?
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作者 Stephanie Seneff Nancy Swanson +1 位作者 Chen Li Gerald Koenig 《Agricultural Sciences》 2015年第12期1472-1501,共30页
An analysis of selected datasets from the FDA’s drug Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) leads us to hypothesize that glyphosate contamination in both food and drugs is a major contributor to chronic and acute kid... An analysis of selected datasets from the FDA’s drug Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) leads us to hypothesize that glyphosate contamination in both food and drugs is a major contributor to chronic and acute kidney failure respectively. In chronic kidney failure, glyphosate-induced pancreatitis results in the release of trypsin, causing a leaky vasculature. The albumin-bound glyphosate escapes into the tissues, protecting the circulatory system and kidneys but resulting in multiple symptoms related to skin, gut, brain, bones, lungs, etc. The rare and poorly understood acute kidney failure response reported for protamine sulfate and Trasylol? is strikingly similar to that associated with glyphosate poisoning. Both drugs are derived from biological tissues that are plausibly contaminated with glyphosate. These drugs protect from haemorrhage, which leads to retention of glyphosate in the vasculature, are followed by circulatory collapse and a high likelihood of death as an outcome. We support our argument by comparing symptom profiles of selected subsets of FAERS with those related to glyphosate poisoning, anomalous reactions to protamine sulfate, and conditions showing strong statistical time-trend correlations with glyphosate. 展开更多
关键词 drug Side effects drug CONTAMINATION Renal Failure GLYPHOSATE Pancreatitis Osteonecrosis PROTAMINE Sulfate APROTININ OEDEMA
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Preventive Effects of Five Drugs on Mycoplasma Pneumonia of Swine (MPS)
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作者 Zhang Yan Liu Hailong +4 位作者 Lin Zhemin Cao Zongxi Tan Shuyi Chen Xiaojie Xie Yueshan 《Animal Husbandry and Feed Science》 CAS 2016年第5期278-280,共3页
The paper was to explore the preventive effects of five drugs on mycoplasma pneumonia of swine (MPS) and to provide reference for clinical medication of pig farms in Hainan Province. A total of 444 health piglets we... The paper was to explore the preventive effects of five drugs on mycoplasma pneumonia of swine (MPS) and to provide reference for clinical medication of pig farms in Hainan Province. A total of 444 health piglets were randomly divided into 6 groups, including five medication groups (72 piglets in group A, 74 pig- lets in group B, 72 piglets in group C, 76 piglets in group D, 76 piglets in group E) and one control group (74 piglets). The piglets in experimental groups were treated drugs once a day for successive 5 days at 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 of age. The piglets in control group were free of medication. At 70 and 140 days of age, 15 piglets of each group were randomly selected to collect their blood sermn. The Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (M-Hyo) antibodies in serum were measured by en- zyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). During the experiment, the incidence rates of respiratory disease, lung lesion, feed conversion rate, average daily gain (ADG), and mortality rate of pigs were also observed and recorded. The results showed that the five drugs had significant difference in preventative effects. Group C (Zhiyuanjing group) received the best preventive effect and the highest economic benefits. Compared with control group, the ADG and feed conversion rate in group C were increased by 7.53% and 9.09%, respectively; the incidence rate of respiratory disease was reduced by 13.44% and lung lesion was alleviated by 81.43% ; and the earnings of each pig could rise by 132.70 yuan. The preventative effect and economic benefit of the drugs was sequenced by Chansu Kechuanling and Bingchan Kechuanwang. Wante Feilin and amoxicillin had weaker preventive effects against MPS but greatly influenced growth performance of pigs, so they should be used alternatively with other drugs. 展开更多
关键词 Mycoplasma pneumonia of swine (MPS) Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (M-Hyo) drugS Preventive effect
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Efficacy of Bee Products(Anzer Honey,Pollen and Propolis)in Detection and Healing of Damage Induced by Antidiabetic Drug Vildagliptin/Metformin Hydrochloride in Healthy Human Pancreatic Cells:Cytotoxic,Genotoxic and Biochemical Studies
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作者 ÖzlemÖzdemir ZinetÇöl Ömer Ertürk 《Current Medical Science》 SCIE CAS 2023年第6期1173-1182,共10页
Background and Objective Although drugs are powerful therapeutic agents,they have a range of side effects.These side effects are sometimes cellular and not clinically noticeable.Vildagliptin/metformin hydrochloride is... Background and Objective Although drugs are powerful therapeutic agents,they have a range of side effects.These side effects are sometimes cellular and not clinically noticeable.Vildagliptin/metformin hydrochloride is one of the most widely used oral antidiabetic drugs with two active ingredients.In this study,we investigated its harmful effects on the metabolic activation system in healthy human pancreatic cells“hTERT-HPNE”,and we aimed to improve these harmful effects by natural products.To benefit from the healing effect,we used the unique natural products produced by the bees of the Anzer Plateau in the Eastern Black Sea Region of Turkey.Methods Cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of the drug were investigated by different tests,such as MTT,flow cytometry-apoptosis and comet assays.Anzer honey,pollen and propolis were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry(G/C-MS).A total of 19 compounds were detected,constituting 99.9%of the samples.Results The decrease in cell viability at all drug concentrations was statistically significant compared to the negative control(P<0.05).A statistically significant decrease was detected in the apoptosis caused by vildagliptin/metformin hydrochloride with the supplementation of Anzer honey,pollen and propolis in hTERT-HPNE cells(P<0.05).Conclusion This study can contribute to other studies testing the healing properties of natural products against the side effects of oral antidiabetics in human cells.In particular,Anzer honey,pollen and propolis can be used as additional foods to maintain cell viability and improve heal damage and can be evaluated against side effects in other drug studies. 展开更多
关键词 cell viability hTERT-HPNE Anzer bee products drug side effect diabetes mellitus
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Late Protective Effects of the Anticalmodulin Drug Fluphenazine on Carbon Tetrachloride-induced Liver Necrosis
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作者 E. C. DE FERREYRA A. S. BERNACCHI +1 位作者 M. F. SAN MARTIN G. D. CASTRO AND J. A. CASTRO (Centro de Investigaciones Toxicologicas (CEITOX)-CITEFA/CONICET,Zufriategui 4380, (1603) Villa Martelli, Buenos Aires, Angentina) 《Biomedical and Environmental Sciences》 SCIE CAS CSCD 1995年第3期218-225,共8页
Fluphenazine (FP) treatment (50mg/kg bw, ip in saline) 30 min before or 6 or 10 h after CCl4 administration (1 ml/kg ip in olive oil) significantly prevented the liver necrosis produced by the hepatotoxin at 24 h. FP ... Fluphenazine (FP) treatment (50mg/kg bw, ip in saline) 30 min before or 6 or 10 h after CCl4 administration (1 ml/kg ip in olive oil) significantly prevented the liver necrosis produced by the hepatotoxin at 24 h. FP had enhancing effects on the covalent binding of CCl4 reactive metabolites to cellular constituents and on CCl4 induced lipid peroaldation.FP lowered bOdy temperature of the CCl4-poisoned animals during the 24 h observation period. The obtained results are compatible but do not prove the hypothesis that calmodulin (CaM) had participation in late occurring events preceding necrosis. FP lowering action on body temperature, however, might also play a role in the effects of this drug on the onset of CCl4 induced liver necrosis. FP levels in liver tissue as determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry evidenced the presence of the drug in amounts suffi cient to inhibit CaM and that suggests that not all preventive effects of FP are due to its indirect actions on the central nervous system via decreased body temperature 展开更多
关键词 ab Late Protective effects of the Anticalmodulin drug Fluphenazine on Carbon Tetrachloride-induced Liver Necrosis
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The Effects of Antiretroviral Drugs on the Absorbance Characteristics of HIV-Infected Blood
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作者 Okwuchukwu Ani Sam Omenyi Chinonso Achebe 《Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering》 2015年第9期571-581,共11页
In the twenty first century research works, there may be a need to achieve a more reliable research result through a synergy between engineers and biological researchers. The peak absorbance data for various interacti... In the twenty first century research works, there may be a need to achieve a more reliable research result through a synergy between engineers and biological researchers. The peak absorbance data for various interacting systems were measured. These were used to show that the antiretroviral drug has the effect of increasing the peak absorbance values of both the uninfected and infected blood components, i.e., the drugs are made able to increase the light absorption capacity of the blood cells. For drug 2 that contains three components including Efavirenz, the drug effect on lymphocytes was increased by about 38% for patients that had been on antiretroviral drug treatment. Mathematical models were proposed and used in determining the coating effectiveness of antiretroviral drugs in the presence and absence of HIV. The use of the findings of this work by pharmaceutical industries may help in the search for more effective antiretroviral drugs for the treatment of HIV patients. 展开更多
关键词 ABSORBANCE TRANSMITTANCE Dielectric Constant Human IMMUNODEFICIENCY Virus ANTIRETROVIRAL drug Coating effectiveness LYMPHOCYTE Wavelength
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PREDICTION OF THE THERAPEUTIC EFFECTIVENESS OF NEW DRUGS FROM CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY STUDIES
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作者 Jan Koch-Weser M.D. 《中国临床药理学杂志》 CAS 1988年第2期101-104,共4页
The development of new drugs for therapeutic purposes has become very expensive and time-consuming in American and European countries.It is estimated that on the average 50 to 100 million dollars and 10 or more years ... The development of new drugs for therapeutic purposes has become very expensive and time-consuming in American and European countries.It is estimated that on the average 50 to 100 million dollars and 10 or more years from the time of patenting are required to make a new drug available for general prescription. Every new drug needs to be charac- 展开更多
关键词 PREDICTION OF THE THERAPEUTIC effectIVENESS OF NEW drugS FROM CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY STUDIES
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Effect of Homoeopathic Drugs to Control Growth and Production of <i>A. flavus</i>
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作者 H. N. P. Singh Sunita Kumari M. M. Prasad 《Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology》 2015年第1期18-21,共4页
Five common homoeopathic drugs viz., Belladonna, Bryonia, Colchicum, Colocynth and Lathyrus sat were selected and tested against growth and aflatoxin production of Aspergillus flavus. The result indicates that all fiv... Five common homoeopathic drugs viz., Belladonna, Bryonia, Colchicum, Colocynth and Lathyrus sat were selected and tested against growth and aflatoxin production of Aspergillus flavus. The result indicates that all five drugs suppressed the growth of A. flavus. The lower concentration of all the tested drugs induced maximum growth of fungi and maximum production of aflatoxin. However, the growth as well as aflatoxin production potentiality was considerably decreased when the concentration of the drug was increased. Out of all the five drugs, Bryonia was comparatively less effective with respect to inhibition in aflatoxin production. But Belladonna was found to be most effective drug on growth and aflatoxin production. 展开更多
关键词 effect Homoeopathic drugS GROWTH PRODUCTION Aflatoxin
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Intercalation of Ciprofloxacin in Naturally Occurring Smectite from Bana: Potentiality as Drug Delivery System and Antimicrobial Effects on <i>Escherichia coli</i>and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>
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作者 Carine Feudjio Memenfo Nicolas Tabary +6 位作者 Jean Aimé Mbey Stéphanie Degoutin Frédéric Cazaux Maryse Bacquet Mickaël Maton Bernard Martel Daniel Njopwouo 《Journal of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering》 2021年第8期21-40,共20页
Ciprofloxacin (CFX) was loaded on Bana clay (Cameroon) and CFX loaded-clays have been evaluated as drug delivery system. Raw clays and CFX loaded compounds have been characterized by some physico-chemicals methods. &l... Ciprofloxacin (CFX) was loaded on Bana clay (Cameroon) and CFX loaded-clays have been evaluated as drug delivery system. Raw clays and CFX loaded compounds have been characterized by some physico-chemicals methods. <i>In vitro</i> release studies have been done in gastric and phosphate buffer experimental mediums;bacteriological studies have been made up on <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>. X-ray diffractometry patterns of loaded compounds show a basal spacing increasing due to CFX intercalation. On Fourier-Transformed Infrared spectrometry spectra, appearance of CFX characteristic bands and shifting of certain bands already presents on clay confirmed CFX intercalation. After 96 h of CFX released from release mediums, prolonged and continue profiles have been observed. Diffusion tests displayed an inhibition radius of ~2 cm on gelose seeded with <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> due to CFX. The overall results show a modified release of ciprofloxacin with an effective antibacterial activity, giving the way for a new ciprofloxacin drug delivery system using Bana clay as carrier. 展开更多
关键词 Antibacterial effect drug Delivery System Clay CIPROFLOXACIN INTERCALATION
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Analysis on Therapeutic Effect of Western and Chinese Drug in Treating Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy
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作者 黄金阳 刘淮 《Chinese Journal of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine》 2004年第2期111-111,共1页
Objective: To evaluate the therapeutic effect of Yinchenghao decoction (YCHD, 茵陈蒿汤) and S-adenosy-L-methionine (SAM) in treating intra-hepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (TCP) and improving prognosis of perinatal ne... Objective: To evaluate the therapeutic effect of Yinchenghao decoction (YCHD, 茵陈蒿汤) and S-adenosy-L-methionine (SAM) in treating intra-hepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (TCP) and improving prognosis of perinatal newborn babies. Methods: Sixty in-patients of TCP were randomly divided into two groups, the group A treated with YCHD and the group B treated with SAM. The symptom of itching and serum biochemical indexes, including glycocholic acid, bilirubin and transaminase, were observed after 3 weeks treat-ment, and the prognosis of perinatal newborn babies between the two groups was compared after delivery. Results: After treatment, the symptom of itching, serum levels of glycocholic acid, bilirubin and transaminase improved significantly (P< 0.05) in both groups, and the prognosis of newborn in the two groups was similar (P>0. 05). Conclusion: Both YCHD and SAM could effectively treat ICP. The former is rather cheaper, so it is more feasible for spreading.Original article on CJITWM (Chin) 2004 ;24(4): 309 展开更多
关键词 Analysis on Therapeutic effect of Western and Chinese drug in Treating Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy
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基于药物基因组学探讨抗精神病药对首发精神分裂症疗效及不良反应的影响 被引量:1
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作者 朱建南 林晓方 王从杰 《临床精神医学杂志》 CAS 2024年第4期280-284,共5页
目的:依据药物基因组学结果,探讨抗精神病药对首发精神分裂症患者疗效和药物不良反应的影响。方法:纳入2020年1月至2022年6月淮安市第三人民医院的首发精神分裂症患者,分为研究组和对照组各100例,研究组根据基因检测结果指导用药,对照... 目的:依据药物基因组学结果,探讨抗精神病药对首发精神分裂症患者疗效和药物不良反应的影响。方法:纳入2020年1月至2022年6月淮安市第三人民医院的首发精神分裂症患者,分为研究组和对照组各100例,研究组根据基因检测结果指导用药,对照组依据医师经验用药,分别于治疗前、治疗后4、8、12、16周使用阳性和阴性症状量表(positive and negative syndrome scale,PANSS)、临床疗效总评量表(clinical global impression,CGI)评定疗效,威斯康星卡片分类测验(Wisconsin card classification tests,WCST)及个人和社会功能评估量表(personal and social function assessment scales,PSP)评定认知及社会功能,并在治疗前后和两组之间比较,同时评定药物副反应量表(treatment emergent symptom scale,TESS)及作实验室检查,了解药物不良反应。结果:两组患者治疗后的PANSS总分、CGI、TESS、PSP、WCST等评分均较治疗前显著改善(P<0.05或P<0.001),研究组患者明显好于对照组(P<0.05或P<0.001),治疗后12~16周肝功能损害也轻于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.001)。血常规等实验室结果两组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:应用基因检测可提高精神分裂症患者药物治疗临床效果,减少不良反应的发生,指导临床合理、精准用药和个体化治疗。 展开更多
关键词 基因检测 精神分裂症 临床疗效 药物不良反应
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