AIM:To investigate the risk factors and characteristics of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) in the patients with drug-resistant chronic hepatitis B(CHB).METHODS:A total of 432 patients with drug-resistant CHB were analyz...AIM:To investigate the risk factors and characteristics of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) in the patients with drug-resistant chronic hepatitis B(CHB).METHODS:A total of 432 patients with drug-resistant CHB were analyzed retrospectively from January 2004to December 2012. The patients were divided into two groups:the HCC group(n = 57) and the non-HCC group(n = 375). Two groups compared using logistic regression for various patients and viral characteristics in order to identify associated risk factors for HCC.Secondarily,patient and tumor characteristics of HCC patients with na ve CHB(N group,n = 117) were compared to the HCC group(R group,n = 57) to identify any difference in HCC characteristics between them.RESULTS:A significant difference was found for age,platelet count,alpha-fetoprotein(AFP),positivity of HBeAg,seroconversion rate of HBeAg,virologic response,the Child-Pugh score,presence of rtM204I,and the duration of antiviral treatment in non-HCC and HCC group. Cirrhosis,age(> 50 years),HBeAg(+),virologic non-responder status,and rtM204I mutants were independent risk factors for the development of HCC. The R group had lower serum C-reactive protein(CRP) and AFP levels,earlier stage tumors,and a shorter mean tumor surveillance period than the N group. However,the total follow-up duration was not significantly different between the two groups.CONCLUSION:13.2% of patients with drug-resistant CHB developed HCC. Age,cirrhosis,YIDD status,HBeAg status,and virologic response are associated with risk of HCC. Patients with drug-resistant CHB and these clinical factors may benefit from closer HCC surveillance.展开更多
The paper examines the effects of grapefruit consumption in relation to drugs, obesity and cardiovascular risk factors. The review includes the most updated studies found in Pub-Med. The grapefruit effect refers to th...The paper examines the effects of grapefruit consumption in relation to drugs, obesity and cardiovascular risk factors. The review includes the most updated studies found in Pub-Med. The grapefruit effect refers to the ability of grapefruit juice and supplements to interact with a wide variety of pharmaceuticals, either enhancing or limiting their systemic availability. Due to altering the active dosage of the pharmaceutical, Grapefruit juice is commonly not allowed to be used alongside with many drugs. Naringin is the most important one, which can inhibit absorption of some drugs but more commonly 6’7’-dihydroxybergamottin, which inhibits CYP3A4. Lately, grapefruit has been found both in rats and adults to reduce body weight, blood pressure, improve lipid and hepatic profile and decrease platelet aggregation. These promising results must be followed by additional studies in order to add to the importance of the role and effects of grapefruit as part of our diet.展开更多
<strong>Background:</strong><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Group B </span><i><span style="f...<strong>Background:</strong><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Group B </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Streptococcus </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">(GBS) is a major cause of bacterial infections in the perinatal period, of which colonization prevalence among Northern-Nigerian pregnant women is scarce. We attempted to determine </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">1</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) its prevalence</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) risk factors for GBS colonization and </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">3</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) drugs-susceptibility.</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Methodology:</span></b></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> This cross-sectional study involved 185 pregnant women between 35</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">37 weeks of gestation at tertiary health center of Sokoto, Nigeria. </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Vaginal/rectal swabs were collected, were cultured for GBS and tested for drug-</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">susceptibilities. The study was conducted between December, 2017 and April, </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2018.</span></span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results:</span></b></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> <a name="_Toc14800008"></a><span style="font-family:Verdana;">One hundred and eighty five (185) pregnant women participated </span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">in this study. GBS vaginal-colonization-rate was 3.8% (7/185). A significance relationship was observed between GBS-colonization and socio-economic class, as 57.10% (4/7) of the GBS positive women were of low-socio economic class (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">p</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> 0.035). No associations were observed between GBS-colonization and the followings: maternal age, parity, poor obstetric outcome-history. All the 7 GBS positive cultures were sensitive to Clindamycin. One was sensitive to both Clindamycin and Ceftriaxone. None was sensitive to Penicillin. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusion</span></b></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">:</span></b></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> The prevalence of GBS colonization was low in this area. Maternal socio-economic class is found to be a risk of GBS-colonization.</span></span></span>展开更多
Objective:To determine the risk factors and outcomes of imipenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii(IRAB) bloodstream infection(BSI) cases,since there is very little publication on Aeinetobacter baumannii infections fr...Objective:To determine the risk factors and outcomes of imipenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii(IRAB) bloodstream infection(BSI) cases,since there is very little publication on Aeinetobacter baumannii infections from Malaysia.Methods:A cross sectional study of 41 cases(73.2%) of imipenem-sensitive Acinetobacter baumanii(ISAB) and 15 cases(26.8%) of IRAB was conducted in a teaching hospital which was located at North-Eastern state of Malaysia.Results:There was no independent risk factor for IRAB BSI identified but IRAB BSI was significantly associated with longer bacteraemic days[OR 1.23(95%CI 1.01,1.50)].Although prior use of carbepenems and cephalosporin were higher among IRAB than ISAB group,statistically they were not significant.There was no significant difference in term of outcomes between the two groups.Conclusions:Although statistically not significant,this analysis compliments previous publication highlighting the importance of appropriate empiric antibiotic usage in hospital especially carbepenems and need further evaluation with bigger subjects.展开更多
Numerous drugs,largely used in the wards or at home,have a significant influence on patients with untreated diverticular disease.The consequences can be disastrous,may require an emergency operation,postoperative inte...Numerous drugs,largely used in the wards or at home,have a significant influence on patients with untreated diverticular disease.The consequences can be disastrous,may require an emergency operation,postoperative intensive care,and overall influence the patient’s length of stay and the final outcomes.Bearing these considerations in mind the routine or chronic administration of pain-killers,steroids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory should be balanced in patients with known diverticular disease as it normally happens with other conditions potentially affected by these drugs(i.e.,peptic ulcer disease or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease).This is even more important in the old and frail patient where an eventual surgical treatment may not always be possible.展开更多
基金Supported by Grants from Chonnam National University Hospital 42,Jaebong-ro,Dong-Ku,Gwangju,501-757,South Korea
文摘AIM:To investigate the risk factors and characteristics of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) in the patients with drug-resistant chronic hepatitis B(CHB).METHODS:A total of 432 patients with drug-resistant CHB were analyzed retrospectively from January 2004to December 2012. The patients were divided into two groups:the HCC group(n = 57) and the non-HCC group(n = 375). Two groups compared using logistic regression for various patients and viral characteristics in order to identify associated risk factors for HCC.Secondarily,patient and tumor characteristics of HCC patients with na ve CHB(N group,n = 117) were compared to the HCC group(R group,n = 57) to identify any difference in HCC characteristics between them.RESULTS:A significant difference was found for age,platelet count,alpha-fetoprotein(AFP),positivity of HBeAg,seroconversion rate of HBeAg,virologic response,the Child-Pugh score,presence of rtM204I,and the duration of antiviral treatment in non-HCC and HCC group. Cirrhosis,age(> 50 years),HBeAg(+),virologic non-responder status,and rtM204I mutants were independent risk factors for the development of HCC. The R group had lower serum C-reactive protein(CRP) and AFP levels,earlier stage tumors,and a shorter mean tumor surveillance period than the N group. However,the total follow-up duration was not significantly different between the two groups.CONCLUSION:13.2% of patients with drug-resistant CHB developed HCC. Age,cirrhosis,YIDD status,HBeAg status,and virologic response are associated with risk of HCC. Patients with drug-resistant CHB and these clinical factors may benefit from closer HCC surveillance.
文摘The paper examines the effects of grapefruit consumption in relation to drugs, obesity and cardiovascular risk factors. The review includes the most updated studies found in Pub-Med. The grapefruit effect refers to the ability of grapefruit juice and supplements to interact with a wide variety of pharmaceuticals, either enhancing or limiting their systemic availability. Due to altering the active dosage of the pharmaceutical, Grapefruit juice is commonly not allowed to be used alongside with many drugs. Naringin is the most important one, which can inhibit absorption of some drugs but more commonly 6’7’-dihydroxybergamottin, which inhibits CYP3A4. Lately, grapefruit has been found both in rats and adults to reduce body weight, blood pressure, improve lipid and hepatic profile and decrease platelet aggregation. These promising results must be followed by additional studies in order to add to the importance of the role and effects of grapefruit as part of our diet.
文摘<strong>Background:</strong><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Group B </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Streptococcus </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">(GBS) is a major cause of bacterial infections in the perinatal period, of which colonization prevalence among Northern-Nigerian pregnant women is scarce. We attempted to determine </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">1</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) its prevalence</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) risk factors for GBS colonization and </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">3</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) drugs-susceptibility.</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Methodology:</span></b></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> This cross-sectional study involved 185 pregnant women between 35</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> </span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">37 weeks of gestation at tertiary health center of Sokoto, Nigeria. </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Vaginal/rectal swabs were collected, were cultured for GBS and tested for drug-</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">susceptibilities. The study was conducted between December, 2017 and April, </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2018.</span></span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results:</span></b></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> <a name="_Toc14800008"></a><span style="font-family:Verdana;">One hundred and eighty five (185) pregnant women participated </span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">in this study. GBS vaginal-colonization-rate was 3.8% (7/185). A significance relationship was observed between GBS-colonization and socio-economic class, as 57.10% (4/7) of the GBS positive women were of low-socio economic class (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">p</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> 0.035). No associations were observed between GBS-colonization and the followings: maternal age, parity, poor obstetric outcome-history. All the 7 GBS positive cultures were sensitive to Clindamycin. One was sensitive to both Clindamycin and Ceftriaxone. None was sensitive to Penicillin. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusion</span></b></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">:</span></b></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> The prevalence of GBS colonization was low in this area. Maternal socio-economic class is found to be a risk of GBS-colonization.</span></span></span>
基金Supported by Universiti Sains Malaysia(No:304/PPSP/6131378)
文摘Objective:To determine the risk factors and outcomes of imipenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii(IRAB) bloodstream infection(BSI) cases,since there is very little publication on Aeinetobacter baumannii infections from Malaysia.Methods:A cross sectional study of 41 cases(73.2%) of imipenem-sensitive Acinetobacter baumanii(ISAB) and 15 cases(26.8%) of IRAB was conducted in a teaching hospital which was located at North-Eastern state of Malaysia.Results:There was no independent risk factor for IRAB BSI identified but IRAB BSI was significantly associated with longer bacteraemic days[OR 1.23(95%CI 1.01,1.50)].Although prior use of carbepenems and cephalosporin were higher among IRAB than ISAB group,statistically they were not significant.There was no significant difference in term of outcomes between the two groups.Conclusions:Although statistically not significant,this analysis compliments previous publication highlighting the importance of appropriate empiric antibiotic usage in hospital especially carbepenems and need further evaluation with bigger subjects.
文摘Numerous drugs,largely used in the wards or at home,have a significant influence on patients with untreated diverticular disease.The consequences can be disastrous,may require an emergency operation,postoperative intensive care,and overall influence the patient’s length of stay and the final outcomes.Bearing these considerations in mind the routine or chronic administration of pain-killers,steroids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory should be balanced in patients with known diverticular disease as it normally happens with other conditions potentially affected by these drugs(i.e.,peptic ulcer disease or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease).This is even more important in the old and frail patient where an eventual surgical treatment may not always be possible.