Convective Scale Structure and Evolution of a Squall Line Observed by C-Band Dual Doppler Radar in an Arid Region of Northwestern China

A long-lived and loosely organized squall line moved rapidly across U¨ru¨mqi, the capital city of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China on 26 June 2005, generating hail and strong winds. The squall line was observed by a dual Doppler radar system in a field experiment conducted in 2004 and 2005 by the Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences and the local meteorological bureau in northwestern China. The 3D wind fields within the squall line were retrieved through dual Doppler analyses and a variational Doppler radar analysis system （VDRAS）. The formation and structure of the squall line as well as the genesis and evolution of embedded convective cells were investigated. During its life period, the squall line consisted of six storm cells extending about 100 km in length, and produced hail of about 25 mm in diameter and strong surface winds up to 11 m s^-1. Radar observations revealed a broad region of stratiform rain in a meso-β cyclone, with the squall line located to the west of this. Two meso-γ scale vortices were found within the squall line. Compared to typical squall lines in moist regions, such as Guangdong Province and Shanghai, which tend to be around 300–400 km in length, have echo tops of 17–19 km, and produce maximum surface winds of about 25 m s^-1 and temperature variations of about 8-C this squall line system had weaker maximum reflectivity （55 dBZ）, a lower echo top （13 km） and smaller extension （about 100 km）, relatively little stratiform rainfall preceding the convective line, and a similar moving speed and temperature variation at the surface.

The Use of Dual-Doppler Radar Data in the Study of 1998 Meiyu Frontal Precipitationin Huaihe River Basin

During the Meiyu period in June and July of 1998, intensified field observations have been carried out for the project “Huaihe River Basin Energy and Water Cycle Experiment (HUBEX)”. For studying Meiyu front and its precipitation in Huaihe River basin, the present paper has performed analysis on the middle and lower level wind fields in the troposphere by using the radar data obtained from the two Doppler radars located at Fengtai district and Shouxian County. From June 29 to July 3 in 1998, the continuous heavy precipitation occurred in Huaihe River basin around Meiyu front. The precipitation process on July 2 occurred within the observation range of the two Doppler radar in Fengtai district and Shouxian County. The maximum rainfall of the Meiyu front was over 100 mm in 24 h, so it can be regarded as a typical mesoscale heavy precipitation process related to Meiyu front. Based on the wind field retrieved from the dual Doppler radar, we find that there are meso-γ scale vertical circulations in the vertical cross-section perpendicular to Meiyu front, the strong upward motion of which corresponds to the position of the heavy rainfall area. Furthermore, other results obtained by this study are identical with the results by analyzing the conventional synoptic data years ago. For example: in the vicinity of 3 km level height ahead of Meiyu front there exists a southwest low-level jet; the rainstorm caused by Meiyu front mainly occurs at the left side of the southwest low-level jet; and the Meiyu front causes the intensification of the low-level convergence in front of it. Key words Dual Doppler radar - Meiyu front - Meso—γ scale vertical circulation This research was supported by Project HUBEX (Project Number: 49794030) which is funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC).

A Model Study of Three-Dimensional Wind Field Analysis from Dual-Doppler Radar Data

A three-dimensional wind field analysis sollware based on the Beigng-Gucheng dual-Doppler weather radar system has been built, and evaluated by using the numerical cloud model producing storm flow and hydrometeor fields. The effects of observation noise and the spatial distribution of wind field analysis error are also investigated.

Microphysical and Dynamical Climatology of Precipitating Systems Inferred by Weather Radar Polarimetric Measurements in Brazil

This work presents the climatology of the microphysics and the dynamics of weather systems in two coastal areas of São Paulo and the Espírito States at high spatial-temporal resolution as measured by two dual Doppler weather radars during the summer and early fall of 2015. Averages and respective standard deviations of polarimetric variables, namely, reflectivity (Z), differential reflectivity (ZDR), differential phase (ϕDP), specific differential phase (KDP), copolar correlation coefficient (ρoHV), radial velocity (Vr), and the spectral width (W) were obtained within a 240-km range on plan position indicator (PPI), constant altitude plan position indicator (CAPPI) and vertical cross-sections to analyze overall horizontal and vertical precipitation microphysics and mesoscale circulation of prevailing weather systems, and their peculiarities over coastal and oceanic, and urban and rural areas. Overall, raindrops tend to be larger over the Metropolitan area of São Paulo from the surface to up to 6 km altitude indicating more vigorous updrafts caused by the heat island effect and the local sea breeze. The vertical microphysical structure is remarkably distinct over the Metropolitan Area of São Paulo (MASP) where thunderstorms can reach 20-km altitude in summertime under sea breeze and heat island effects. On the other hand, there is a dominancy of smaller drop sizes though larger ones observed close to the surface by the coast of Espírito Santo and at the land-ocean interface influenced by the local low-level jet and oceanic-type CCN. Convective cells tend to be smaller associated with Easterlies and more organized with Westerlies. The results indicate distinct features on hydrometeor types and circulation characteristics under these different surface and boundary-layer conditions in close agreement with previous results in the literature.

中低纬度系统相互作用过程的中尺度风场分析

以山东济南和滨州两部S波段多普勒雷达的观测数据为基础,采用直接合成的方法,反演台风“利奇马”和西风槽相遇引发极端降水过程的中尺度系统三维风场。(1)冷暖空气交汇产生的切变线长时间维持是西风槽与台风相互作用过程中产生极端降水的关键,暖空气先进后退,表现为东南气流和西北气流先后越过雷达站,垂直方向出现复合切变;(2)最强上升运动出现在对流单体回波梯度最大的区域,最大下沉运动出现在回波顶下风方,中低层回波中心均为弱风速区;(3)发展中的对流单体各层均有气旋式入流,成熟的对流单体高层出流有反气旋式出流;(4)风垂直切变是雨团降水增幅的主要影响因素,成熟期的雨团具有低质心对流单体风暴的结构形态,垂直运动达到最强。

热带地区雹暴的闪电活动-动力-微物理特征研究

基于低频电场变化探测阵列三维闪电定位系统和S波段双偏振天气雷达数据, 对海南岛2021年6月24日一次雹暴过程的闪电活动和云内动力与微物理特征进行了详细的分析.结果显示: 该雹暴闪电活动以云闪为主, 占总闪的85.38%.降雹前发生的地闪以正地闪为主, 在降雹前25 min内, 正地闪频数占总地闪频数的60%, 高于一般雷暴正地闪活动比例.在雹暴成熟阶段, 上升气流出现两次增强, 而闪电频数的增加均滞后于上升气流增强的时段, 同时, 闪电频数的增加也可能与对流单体的合并有关.结合模糊逻辑判断法对云内降水粒子的识别, 计算了总闪与冰相粒子的相关系数, 其中霰和冰晶粒子与总闪相关性较高, 相关系数分别为0.76和0.83.根据闪电辐射源的空间分布特征, 推测该雹暴降雹前为反三极性电荷结构, 正电荷区位于约7~9.5 km(~-10 ℃至-25 ℃).

基于雨滴谱参数反演的C波段双偏振雷达降水类型分类方法

降水类型分类对分析区域降水微物理特征、多源降水融合误差模型的构建以及雷达定量测量降水估计等都很重要。本文基于2015~2016年南京信息工程大学C波段双偏振雷达数据和南京地区滴谱仪观测资料,提出一种适用于南京地区的雷达降水类型分类方法,并对降水类型分类结果进行对比验证。首先,基于滴谱仪降雨率时序数据、地基雷达反射率因子平面位置显示数据和地基雷达反射率因子时间—高度显示数据,筛选出36次典型层状和对流降水过程。随后,统计3个滴谱仪站点典型层状(对流)降水的雨滴谱(DSD)参数,拟合得到适用于南京地区的降水类型分类线。将基于滴谱数据统计拟合的分类线应用于基于变分法反演的地基雷达DSD参数,进行地基雷达降水类型分类。根据典型层状(对流)过程降水类型分离指数的时间—高度分布,并对比星载双频测雨雷达(DPR)降水分类产品,对分类效果进行验证。最后,将分类结果应用于雷达分类定量降水估计,进一步说明降水分类的应用效果。结果表明,南京地区3个滴谱仪站点的拟合分类线非常一致,3个站点的典型层状(对流)过程均能够很好地分离在分类线两侧;与DPR降水分类产品进行对比分析,发现南京地区分类线的分类效果相对于其他典型降水分类方法,对层状和对流降水的识别率整体最高,分别为84.56%和72.64%;基于降水分类的雷达定量降水估计的测雨精度均优于未分类的测雨公式,且基于差分传播相移率的测雨公式[R(KDP)]在四种分类测雨公式中整体性能最优,基于水平反射率因子的测雨公式[R(ZH)]在层状云降水反演中性能最优,基于差分传播相移率的测雨公式[R(KDP)]在对流云降水反演中性能最优,基于水平反射率因子和差分反射率的测雨公式[R(ZH,ZDR)]对原有总体测雨公式降水精度的提升最为明显。

Mesoscale Structure of Rainstorm Retrieved from Dual-Doppler Radar Observations Using the 4DVAR Assimilation Technique

The four-dimensional variational （4DVAR） data assimilation method was applied to dual-Doppler radar data about two Meiyu rainstorms observed during CHeRES （China Heavy Rain Experiment and Study）. The purpose of this study is to examine the performance of the 4DVAR technique in retrieving rainstorm mesoscale structure and to reveal the feature of rainstorm mesoscale structure. Results demonstrated that the 4DVAR assimilation method was able to retrieve the detailed structure of wind, thermodynamics, and microphysics fields from dual-Doppler radar observations. The retrieved wind fields agreed with the dual- Doppler synthesized winds and were accurate. The distributions of the retrieved perturbation pressure, perturbation temperature, and microphysics fields were also reasonable through the examination of their physical consistency. Both of the two heavy rainfalls were caused by merging cloud processes. The wind shear and convergence lines at middle and lower levels were their primary dynamical characteristics. The convective system was often related to low-level convergence and upper-level divergence coupled with up- drafts. During its mature stage, the convective system was characterized by low pressure at lower level and high pressure at upper level, associated with warmer at middle level and colder at lower and upper levels than the environment. However, a region of cooling and high pressure occurred in the lower and middle levels compared to warming and low pressure in the upper level during its dissipating ＇.stage. The water vapor, cloud water, and rainwater corresponded to the convergence, the updraft and the intensive reflectivity, respectively.

基于新型观测资料分析台风“烟花”短时强降水成因

利用再分析格点资料,风廓线雷达、微波辐射计、雨滴谱仪、S和X波段双偏振雷达等多源探测资料,分别从形势背景和降水精细结构特征等不同尺度,分析台风“烟花”造成南京短时强降水的成因,并探索新型探测资料在提升短期临近预报能力中的应用。结果表明:(1)有利的气旋组织结构、环境风场、水汽传输、环流形势为短时强降水产生提供大尺度背景条件。迅速发展的边界层急流和强垂直风速切变,以及逆温对两者的正反馈作用,触发了短时强降水。增强的水汽密度和云水含量、增厚的饱和湿层,有利于降水的维持。高数浓度小雨滴经暖雨过程后,生成了较低数浓度、形状规则、纯液态的中—大粒径雨滴,导致雨强的增强,回波呈低云顶、低质心、较高反射率强度的特征。(2)新型探测资料对预判此次短时强降水的产生和强度体现出较好指示作用,温湿风廓线提前1.5~4 h表征了风暴组织结构的增强,微物理参量提前0.5 h预示了降水的强度和性质。(3)X波段雷达探测的强降水回波强度弱、范围小、衰减明显,但可以获取边界层以下云水粒子的微物理特征,与S波段雷达配合可以有效提升低层的监测能力。

Study on Retrieving Three-Dimensional Wind Using Simulated Dual-Doppler Radar Data in the Cartesian Space

This paper investigates a technique of retrieving three-dimensional windfields from the dual-Doppler weather radar radial wind which is based on the Cartesian space usingvariational method. This technology provides a simultaneous resolution of three wind components andsatisfies both the minimal dual-equation system and the continuity equation. The main advantage ofthis method is that it can remove the potential drawback of an iterative solution of Cartesiandual-Doppler analysis techniques which is a major demerit when one retrieves the vertical velocityusing mass continuity equation with iterative method. The data pre-processing technology andinterpolation are also studied. This work developed a three-dimensional Cressman weighting functionto process the interpolation. In order to test the capability and advantage of this method, onenumerical experiment based on simulating dual-Doppler radar observations is designed. Firstly, wesynthesize the dual-Doppler radar radial velocity and reflectivity from the numerical model. Then,the three-dimensional wind components are retrieved from the radial velocity and reflectivity usingthis technique. The retrieved three-dimensional wind fields are found to be quite consisted withthose previously simulated wind fields. Mean difference, root-mean-square error, and relativedeviation are defined to test the precision of the method. These statistic errors reveal theaccuracy and the advantage of this method. The numerical experiment has definitely testified thatthis technique can be used to retrieve the three-dimensional wind fields from the radial velocityand reflectivity detected by the real dual-Doppler weather radar.

双多普勒雷达风场反演误差和资料的质量控制

提出了用双多普勒雷达观测资料进行回波强度、径向速度和方位定位的质量控制方法 ,以及利用概率分布法订正配对的双多普勒雷达回波强度的方法。以 2 0 0 1年 973“中国暴雨”外场试验期间获取的双多普勒雷达观测资料为例 ,比较了合肥、马鞍山和宜昌、荆州的两对双多普勒雷达同步观测的回波强度、径向速度和方位的改变对观测数据对比的影响 ;分析了这两对双多普勒雷达径向速度测量误差引起的风场反演的误差。结果表明 :两对双多普勒雷达观测的回波强度和径向速度的空间位置和变化趋势比较一致 ,合肥与马鞍山雷达的回波强度有一定差异 ,径向速度也有 1～ 2m/s的差异。风场反演的误差与风场的方向、大小、空间位置等有关。在两个径向速度夹角在 40°～ 1 40°范围内 ,共面上的风场的反演误差在 1～ 2倍的雷达探测径向速度的误差范围内。

双多普勒天气雷达风场探测的可靠性研究

从双多普勒天气雷达风场探测原理和多普勒天气雷达数据处理技术出发 ,分析了影响双多普勒天气雷达风场反演可靠性的内在因素。即两部雷达观测同一点的非一致性 (空间和时间上的非一致性 )和空间各测量点观测时间及照射体积的非统一性 ,以及微波在大气中的非直线传播和地球表面的非几何平面引起的坐标、定位等问题都严重影响了双多普勒天气雷达风场反演可靠性。该文提出一些解决办法 ,但在应用双多普勒天气雷达风场反演数据时 ,还必须进行可靠性分析。

用双多普勒雷达分析华南一次飑线系统的中尺度结构特征

飑线是中国春、夏季常见的一种天气现象。2007年4月23—24日华南地区的一次强飑线过程,因强度强、持续时间长,给广东部分县市造成巨大的经济损失。利用广州和深圳的新一代多普勒天气雷达的探测资料,采用双多普勒雷达风场反演方法和热力-动力反演方法,研究此次飑线内部的三维风场、动力和热力结构。在此基础上,通过质量、动量诊断探讨其维持机制。同时,结合地面、高空常规观测及自动站资料分析系统伴随的环境和地面中尺度特征。结果表明,系统发生于中等强度垂直风切变(0—3km,18m/s)和中等强度对流不稳定度的环境中,其移动速度最快达17m/s,属快速移动的飑线。飑线过境时,地面测站呈现风向突变、风速骤增、气压上升、温度与露点骤降等现象。其成熟期的雷达回波和风场结构与过去观测的热带、副热带快速移动飑线系统特征相似。由前(前方指系统移动方向)向后,降水结构依次为对流区、过渡带和层云区。其中,对流区由多个对流单体组成,对应强回波和上升运动,而单体之间为弱下沉运动。气流特征呈准二维结构,包括系统前方深厚的从前向后气流和系统后部低层的从后向前气流。这两支气流在系统前缘低层辐合形成动力高压,触发新对流单体,是系统长时间维持的主要机制。在对流区倾斜上升气流的下方,存在一凝结潜热释放增暖引起的低压区。另外,在对流系统西侧不断有新对流单体形成,并被平流至系统中,促进对流维持。进一步对对流区的质量和动量通量诊断揭示,垂直于飑线系统的水平动量的垂直输送有逆梯度输送的特性,将增加垂直飑线方向的环境垂直风切变,有利于系统维持。相对的,平行飑线方向的水平动量具有顺梯度输送特征,使该方向上风切变分量有被均滑趋势。

一次强烈雹暴的三维结构和形成机制的单、双多普勒雷达分析

利用单多普勒天气雷达的反射率因子、径向速度数据和双多普勒雷达反演的三维风场,分析了一次强烈雹暴的产生、发展和维持机制。主要结果为:该雹暴是产生于中等偏上垂直风切变和较大的对流有效位能条件下的右移风暴,它在旧无序多单体风暴的右侧产生。旧的多单体风暴和雹暴初始阶段主要雷达回波区域负的径向速度(向着雷达的速度)占主导地位,随着风暴的发展,特别是地面出现小冰雹后,雹暴中出现正径向速度(远离雷达的速度)区并且迅速增强,正径向速度与环境的负径向速度在强回波附近形成强烈辐合,促使雹暴发展和维持;旧多单体风暴低层的水平辐合风场主要是弱东北—东南风转西北—西南风,雹暴的水平辐合风场是由东北风和西南风组成,邻近雹暴的雷暴单体和雹暴自身在低层的风场形成半圆形的反气旋性环流。垂直风场结构表明,雹暴在高层的辐散气流与邻近雷暴单体高层气流结合后形成的下沉辐散气流,是该雹暴北风入流的主要产生原因;雹暴与邻近雷暴间通过高层和低层风场间的相互作用,促进了雹暴的产生、发展和维持。

2003年7月4～5日淮河流域大暴雨中尺度对流系统的观测分析

2003年淮河流域的大洪水主要是由3次集中的持续性大面积强暴雨过程引起，其中7月3～5日从淮河上游向下游的移动性强降水，使来自上游的洪水与下游暴雨“遭遇”，加剧了淮河的洪水水情。作者主要采用探空、卫星和雷达资料，对造成滁州和南京强暴雨的中尺度对流系统的结构和发生背景进行分析。结果表明：低槽的东移造成了雨区从淮河上游向下游东移；降雨前来自中纬度的中层干空气侵入加强了对流层中低层的对流不稳定；7月4～5日的大范围降水主要由α中尺度对流系统的发生、发展引起，但突发的局地强降雨是由较小的β中尺度，甚至7中尺度系统直接造成；云顶温度低于-52℃的对流区虽然覆盖范围较大，但其下部的雷达强回波带与其并不完全对应，而是位于-52℃云区的中心偏南，强回波的北侧有100-200km宽的云砧；双多普勒雷达反演资料较好地揭示出造成滁州强降雨的是中尺度辐合线及其上的中尺度对流线和对流单体，辐合线随高度向北倾斜。

江苏沿江地区一次强冰雹天气的中尺度特征分析

利用常规气象资料、卫星、多普勒天气雷达、风廓线雷达等资料,对发生在江苏沿江地区一次强冰雹天气形势背景、环境热动力条件、强冰雹发生前地区环境场变化、超级单体雷达回波中尺度特征等进行了详细分析。结果表明:(1)在东北冷涡槽后干冷气流影响下,中高层干冷、低层暖湿的不稳定层结,高低空急流以及地面辐合系统的配置为此次强对流天气的产生提供了有利热动力条件;高CAPE值、逆温层、低层适当水汽条件及较强的深层垂直风切变有利于强冰雹天气的发生。(2)利用多普勒天气雷达、风廓线仪数据反演垂直分布的物理量场(平均散度、平均垂直速度、相对风暴螺旋度、垂直风切变)能够反映本站上空环境场的快速变化情况:强对流系统移入本站前雷达站上空逐渐调整为低层辐合、中高层辐散的风场配置结构,螺旋度和垂直风切变数值逐渐增加,表明环境场有利于强对流系统的维持发展。(3)强降雹超级单体除具有三体散射现象、入流缺口等雷达回波中尺度特征外,持久深厚的中气旋存在造成了显著的有界弱回波区和高悬垂强回波区。应用双多普勒雷达风场反演技术揭示了超级单体内部环流结构:低层气旋性旋转,中层旋转加强,高层风场辐散。超级单体内部涡旋特征的出现和维持有利于支撑空中大冰雹的增长。

派比安台风(0606)登陆期间雨带中尺度结构的双多普勒雷达分析

2006年8月3日派比安台风(0606)接近登陆时,在距离台风中心东北180km处有一强螺旋雨带生成,并随台风往陆地方向移动.本研究利用位于广州和深圳的新一代天气雷达所收集到的双多普勒雷达资料,分析该螺旋雨带的回波结构和中尺度风场,并探讨其维持机制.雷达回波分析显示,雨带由多个对流单体组织成西北—东南走向的带状结构,长约200km,宽约35km.同过去研究中台风雨带气流结构呈准二维相比,该雨带在成熟时期的气流结构呈明显的三维特征.从雨带上游至下游,沿雨带方向风速显著减弱,而跨雨带方向风速则明显加强.在雨带上游,雨带内侧为外流,而雨带外侧3km以下为内流.其中2km以下气流进入雨带时逐渐减速并在雨带内形成强辐合,部分内流转为倾斜往外的气流.1km以下,部分内流穿过雨带的强回波中心与雨带内侧的外流在雨带内边缘形成另一强辐合区.在雨带下游,在5km高度以下雨带内外均侧为内流,其中2km以下气流从雨带外部进入雨带时先加速,随后逐渐减速,在雨带内侧边缘形成最强的辐合上升运动后,随高度向外倾斜并在雨带外部形成下沉,部分下沉气流转为内流重新进入到雨带.由于雨带上、下游分别位于海洋和陆地上,因此海陆摩擦差异是造成雨带上、下游气流结构差异一个重要原因.而另一个原因是雨带上、下游同以台风中心为圆心的圆周切线间夹角不同.此外,雨带内的气流也表明由倾斜上升在雨带外侧下沉转化成的内流,对于雨带上、下游内流的加强和维持具有重要作用.

双雷达反演台风外围强带状回波风场结构特征研究

利用移动新一代天气雷达(CINRAD/CCJ)和长乐新一代天气雷达(CINRAD/SA)基数据,采用地球坐标系下的双雷达三维风场反演技术,重点分析了2007年8月18日凌晨超强台风"圣帕"外围强带状回波的风场特征。结果表明,带状回波具有以下特征:(1)强盛阶段,每个强回波中心在前进方向的右侧或右后侧对应于强东偏北风速中心(强风核),其中最强回波中心前侧还存在弱风速中心。这样的水平风场结构从低层一直保持到中层,使得强回波区对应于水平辐合和正涡度区,产生明显的上升运动,有助于对流的发展和维持。强盛阶段云体快速移动。相对于移动的云体来说,前侧及后侧中低层气流均指向强回波,在强回波区及后侧水平辐合形成上升气流,最大上升速度出现在强回波中心与北侧强风核之间。同时在强回波上空高层出现辐散,气流主要向后流出。(2)减弱阶段,较强回波中心或其北侧对应于弱风速中心,回波中心出现负涡度区。云体移速变慢。相对于移动的云体来说,偏东气流穿过云体。回波区气流辐合较弱,明显的上升区出现在中层较强回波近台风中心一侧。(3)强风核可以将位于带状回波前进方向后侧的处于减弱阶段螺旋云带的动量和水汽向带状回波发展区输送,因此,强风核结构很可能是带状回波快速发展的主要原因。

2003年6月30日梅雨锋大暴雨β和γ中尺度结构的双多普勒雷达反演

2003年6月下旬至7月上旬,淮河流域出现了持续强暴雨,文中使用双多普勒雷达三维风场反演技术(MUSCAT)对6月29～30日合肥和马鞍山多普勒雷达探测到的暴雨资料进行了三维风场反演,对暴雨系统的中尺度三维动力结构进行了研究。此次梅雨锋暴雨是由β中尺度辐合带和嵌在辐合带上的γ中尺度涡旋共同作用引起的,辐合带上的波动活动对降水具有重要的触发和维持作用。在强降水时段的前期,无为附近中低层的γ中尺度涡旋在东—西走向的中尺度辐合带上自西向东移动,γ涡旋的移动与主雨区的移动基本同步,γ中尺度波动是该时段暴雨的重要动力因素;与此同时,在雨带的北区,γ中尺度涡旋活动比较频繁,但基本上是局地生消;在后期,西南暖湿气流和西风辐合,形成雨带上空的β中尺度辐合带,辐合带随着降水的减弱而减弱;最后,给出了此次暴雨的三维动力结构。

新疆一次强飑线过程双多普勒雷达观测的中尺度风场结构分析

利用新疆乌鲁木齐和五家渠的双多普勒雷达同步观测资料与双多普勒雷达风场反演技术,结合多种气象资料(1 min间隔的地面自动站资料、探空资料和NCEP再分析场资料等),综合分析了2005年6月26日新疆乌鲁木齐附近一次强飑线过程。其流场特征是低层存在明显的辐合线,中层辐合,高层辐散。中低层的风场辐合使旧回波右侧(西南侧)一定距离处依次生成新回波并与旧回波合并,对流单体间的辐合线促使其迅速合并,是飑线发展的重要原因。对流单体间的合并是从中层开始的,然后扩展到低层。在低层对流单体合并后,飑线前部有一明显的辐合线,入流区、大的回波强度梯度区和弱回波区非常明显;同时,不同发展阶段的风场配置有明显的不同,上升气流和下沉气流在多单体风暴中同时存在。本次飑线过程中低层是东南风的入流气流,与对流带后部的西北风气流相遇后向上倾斜上升,在中高层形成飑前砧状云,这与国内外中纬度飑线的结构基本一致,但本次飑线过程只有前缘强烈的对流区,没有尾随的层状云降水。自动气象站、多普勒雷达及其反演的风场很好地揭示了该飑线的发生、发展、爆发过程及其回波和风场的空间结构特点。