The application study of dual-energy CT nonlinearblending technique in pulmonary angiography

Objective This study aimed to explore the feasibility of enhancing image quality in computed tomography(CT) pulmonary angiography (CTPA) and reducing radiation dose using the nonlinear blending (NLB)technique of dual-energy CT.Methods A total of 61 patients scheduled for CTPA were enrolled, and 30 patients underwent dual-energyscanning. Nonlinear blending images (NLB group) and three groups of linear blending images (LB group,80 kV group, and 140 kV group) were reconstructed after scanning;31 patients underwent single-energyscanning (120 kV group). The CT values and standard deviations of the pulmonary trunk, left and rightpulmonary arteries, and ipsilateral back muscle at the bifurcation level of the left and right pulmonaryarteries were measured. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) of the fivegroups were calculated. The subjective image quality of the five groups was assessed. The radiation dosesof the dual- and single-energy groups were recorded and calculated.Results The CNR and SNR values of blood vessels in the NLB group were significantly higher than thosein the LB, 140 kV, and 80 kV groups (CNR of pulmonary artery trunk: t = 3.50, 4.06, 7.17, all P < 0.05;SNRof pulmonary trunk: t = 3.76, 4.71, 6.92, all P < 0.05). There were no statistical differences in the CNR andSNR values between the NLB group and 120 kV group (P > 0.05). The effective radiation dose of the dualenergygroup was lower than that of the single-energy group (t = –4.52, P < 0.05). The subjective scores ofimages in the NLB group were the highest (4.28 ± 0.74).Conclusion The NLB technique of dual-energy CT can improve the image quality of CTPA and reducethe radiation dose, providing more reliable imaging data for the clinical diagnosis of pulmonary embolism.

Head dual energy-computed tomography angiography versus neuro-digital subtraction angiography

Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry provides two modes of head computed tomography （CT） angiography scanning： neuro-digital subtraction angiography and dual-energy CT angiography （DE-CTA）. Previous studies have compared image quality, radiation exposure, and bone removal between neuro-digital subtraction angiography and DE-CTA. However, the number of cases was relatively small. The present study examined 300 suspected cases of cerebrovascular disease and observed the methods and duration of post-processing, examination time, and data volume. Results demonstrated similar image quality between the two methods, but lower radiation doses and shorter examination time in DE-CTA. DE-CTA allowed for faster and more stable scanning performance and post-processing methods, facilitating accurate and direct diagnosis of cerebrovascular disease.

Digital subtraction angiography for the analysis of supraaortic vessels: What is its role nowadays?

For about 50 years, angiography represented the only imaging method for studying carotid arteries in order to detect the presence of pathological stenosis due to atherosclerotic plaque. Recently, thanks to the use of non-invasive methods, physicians are able to study and quantify the presence of carotid atherosclerosis in vivo These procedures have enabled the introduction of new concepts: (1) the degree of carotid stenosis is approxi- mate to the volume and extension of carotid plaque; and (2) a set of parameters, easily identifiable by com- puted tomography angiography, magnetic resonance angiogram and ultra-sound echo-color Doppler, are closely linked to the development of ischemic symptoms and can significantly increase the risk of stroke regard- less of the degree of stenosis. In light of these findings vulnerable plaques should be identified early, and the role of Digital Subtraction Angiography which is a purely technical luminal technique should be determined.

Gadolinium Enhances Dual-energy Computed Tomography Scan of Pulmonary Artery

Objective To evaluate the feasibility of using gadopentetate dimeglumine(Gd-DTPA)for dual-energy computed tomography pulmonary angiography(CTPA).Methods Sixty-six patients were randomly divided into three groups and underwent CTPA.Group A had a turbo flash scan using an iohexol injection,Group B had a turbo flash scan using Gd-DTPA,and Group C had a dual-energy scan using Gd-DTPA.The original images of Group C were linearly blended with a blending factor of 0.5 or reconstructed at 40,50,60,70,80,90,100,and 110 keV,respectively.The groups were compared in terms of pulmonary artery CT value,image quality,and radiation dose.Results The pulmonary artery CT values were significantly higher in Group C40keV than in Groups B and C,but lower than in Group A.There was no significant difference in the image noise of Groups C40keV,B,and C.Moreover,Group A had the largest beam hardening artifacts of the superior vena cava(SVC),followed by Groups B and C.Group C40keV showed better vascular branching than the other three groups,among which Group B was superior to Group A.The subjective score of the image quality of Groups A,B,and C showed no significant difference,but the score was significantly higher in Group C40keV than in Groups A and B.The radiation dose was significantly lower in Group B than in Groups A and C.Conclusion Gd-CTPA is recommended to patients who are unsuitable for receiving an iodine-based CTPA.Furthermore,a turbo flash scan could surpass a dual-energy scan without consideration for virtual monoenergetic imaging.

基于深度学习的图像重建算法在下肢动脉病变CTA诊断中的研究

目的 探讨基于深度学习的图像重建算法对下肢动脉病变CT血管成像(Computed Tomography Angiography,CTA)的诊断价值。方法 回顾性收集2021年6月至2022年2月于我院就诊的51例下肢动脉狭窄或闭塞患者的CTA检查资料(65条下肢动脉)。分别基于深度学习的图像重建(Deep Learning Image Reconstruction,DLIR)算法和混合迭代重建(Hybrid Iterative Reconstruction,HIR)算法对CTA图像进行重建,以HIR法为参照进行质量评估;两位医师在不同重建算法下对血管狭窄的部位和程度进行评估,并采用Kappa检验观察者间一致性;以数字减影血管造影作为“金标准”比较HIR法和DLIR法诊断下肢动脉中度和重度狭窄的效能。结果与HIR法相比,DLIR法图像质量的噪声显著降低(Z膝上动脉=8.36,Z膝下动脉=9.46,Z足背动脉=7.19,均P<0.001),信噪比(Z膝上动脉=-7.32,Z膝下动脉=-7.91,Z足背动脉=-8.45,P<0.001)及对比噪声比(Z膝上动脉=-8.66,Z膝下动脉=-9.21,Z足背动脉=-8.52,均P<0.001)显著提高。DLIR法对动脉狭窄或闭塞程度的识别和评估均显示出更高的观察者间一致性(Kappa=0.86)。与HIR法相比,DLIR法的图像对膝下动脉重度狭窄的敏感度(72.2%vs.94.4%)、特异性(78.7%vs.95.7%),足背动脉中度狭窄的特异性(86.0%vs.97.7%)及重度狭窄的敏感度(50.0%vs.87.5%)均显著提高(P<0.05)。结论 DLIR算法可有效改善下肢动脉的CTA图像质量,并获得更优的诊断效能。

CT及磁共振血管成像诊断颅内动脉瘤的价值

目的分析CT血管成像(computed tomography angiography,CTA)、磁共振血管成像(magnetic resonance angiography,MRA)诊断颅内动脉瘤的价值。方法选取2020年6月-2023年1月广西贵港市人民医院90例疑似颅内动脉瘤患者,均接受CAT及MRA检查,将数字减影血管成像(digital subtraction angiography,DSA)或手术病理学检查结果作为金标准,比较两种方法检出情况、测量颅内动脉瘤瘤体直径与瘤颈宽度、对比不同大小的颅内动脉瘤检出情况,分析两种方法单独及联合诊断颅内动脉瘤的价值。结果90例疑似颅内动脉瘤患者经CTA检查后诊出64例单发颅内动脉瘤,经MRA检查后诊出61例单发颅内动脉瘤,两种方法检出情况比较无明显差异(P>0.05);当瘤体<3 mm时CTA检出率93.33%高于MRA 60.00%(P<0.05);CTA诊断颅内动脉瘤的准确率83.33%、敏感度83.56%、特异度82.35%、Kappa值=0.548;MRA诊断颅内动脉瘤的准确率82.22%、敏感度80.82%、特异度88.24%、Kappa值=0.543;CTA联合MRA诊断颅内动脉瘤的准确率95.56%、敏感度95.89%、特异度94.12%、Kappa值=0.861。结论CTA与MRA均可用于诊断颅内动脉瘤,其中CTA可明显提高<3 mm的微小颅内动脉瘤诊出率,但联合应用时的敏感度更高。

CTA与DSA评估慢性肢体威胁性缺血患者全球肢体解剖学分期系统分期的一致性分析

目的分析CTA与DSA在评估慢性肢体威胁性缺血(CLTI)患者全球肢体解剖学分期系统(GLASS)分期中的一致性。方法 回顾性分析2017年1月至2020年12月西安交通大学第一附属医院收治的CLTI患者临床资料。以DSA评估结果为金标准,分析CTA与DSA评估GLASS分期的一致性。结果 CTA评估GLASS评分与DSA具很强的一致性,其中两者评估股腘动脉段评分的加权Kappa系数为0.798(95%CI=0.722~0.873,P<0.01),评估膝下动脉段评分的加权Kappa系数为0.785(95%CI=0.725~0.845,P<0.01),评估GLASS整体评分的加权Kappa系数为0.832(95%CI=0.752~0.911,P<0.01),均显示出很强的一致性。结论 下肢动脉CTA检查可准确评估CLTI患者靶病变GLASS评分和分期,有助于下肢动脉硬化闭塞症诊断及血运重建技术难度评估。

多层螺旋CT仿真内窥镜在颈动脉狭窄中的诊断价值

目的:探讨多层螺旋CT仿真内窥镜技术(computed tomography virtual endoscopy,CTVE)在颈动脉狭窄中的诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析2021年1月—2023年3月期间汕头大学医学院第一附属医院收治的60例颈动脉狭窄患者的临床资料,其中男性49例,女性11例,年龄46~85(66±8)岁。所有患者均行颈部CT血管造影(computed tomography angiography,CTA)检查、颈部血管超声(cervical vascular ultrasound,CVUS)检查及数字减影血管造影(digital subtraction angiography,DSA)检查,其中CTA检查后进行CTVE成像处理。以DSA诊断结果为金标准,分析CTA联合CTVE及CVUS诊断颈动脉狭窄程度的一致性。结果:以DSA诊断结果为金标准,CTA联合CTVE及CVUS诊断颈动脉狭窄的Kappa值分别为0.764和0.756,均具有较好的一致性。CTA联合CTVE诊断不同程度颈动脉狭窄的Kappa值分别为0.702(轻度狭窄)、0.648(中度狭窄)、0.905(重度狭窄)、0.959(闭塞)。结论:CTVE在颈动脉狭窄中具有较好的诊断价值,尤其在对于颈动脉重度狭窄或闭塞的诊断中,其优势更加突出。

CCTA与DSA在诊断冠状动脉斑块的临床应用价值

目的:探讨冠状动脉CT血管造影(CCTA)与数字减影血管造影(DSA)在诊断冠状动脉斑块中的应用价值。方法:回顾性选取2020年1月—2023年5月本院诊断为冠心病的患者64例,均行CCTA和DSA检查,以DSA为金标准,分析比较CCTA和DSA对冠状动脉斑块检出率及性质和狭窄程度的诊断价值。结果:64例患者经DSA检出冠状动脉斑块58例(90.63%),其中轻度狭窄21例,中度狭窄23例,重度狭窄14例,无法有效判断动脉斑块性质。经CCTA检出冠状动脉斑块55例(85.94%),其中轻度狭窄19例,中度狭窄22例,重度狭窄14例,12例非钙化斑块、13例混合斑块和30例钙化斑块。以DSA为金标准,CCTA诊断冠状动脉斑块的灵敏度为94.83%、特异度为83.33%、准确度为93.75%、阳性预测值为98.21%、阴性预测值为62.50%、Kappa系数值为0.680。CCTA和DSA在冠状动脉狭窄程度的检出率比较上均无差异(P>0.05)。轻度狭窄者钙化斑块发生率高于中度和重度狭窄者,非钙化、混合斑块发生率低于中度和重度者(P<0.05)。结论:CCTA与DSA在诊断冠状动脉斑块及其狭窄程度上具有高度一致性,但CCTA较DSA对斑块性质的诊断价值更高。

数字减影血管造影和头颈部CT血管造影对颅内动脉瘤的诊断价值

目的 探讨数字减影血管造影和头颈部CT血管造影对68例颅内动脉瘤患者的诊断价值。方法 本研究中68例颅内动脉瘤均来源于河南科技大学第一附属医院,选取时间为2021年8月到2023年8月,进行回顾性分析,所有患者均进行数字减影血管造影和头颈部CT血管造影检查。将手术结果作为金标准,比较数字减影血管造影和头颈部CT血管造影检查方法的诊断符合率,比较2种检查方法对不同部位动脉瘤显示情况,比较2种检查方法对不同大小动脉瘤的检出情况。结果 头颈部CT血管造影检查颅内动脉瘤的诊断符合率为93%,数字减影血管造影检查颅内动脉瘤的诊断符合率为94%,经对比,2种方法的诊断符合率对比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);头颈部CT血管造影、数字减影血管造影对后交通动脉、前交通动脉、大脑轻动脉等部位的检出率比较,差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05);手术结果证实68例患者共有80个动脉瘤,其中>3 mm的有42个,≤3 mm的有38个,2种检查方法诊断>3 mm动脉瘤的检出情况经对比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),针对≤3 mm的动脉瘤,数字减影血管造影的检出率比头颈部CT血管造影高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),头颈部CT血管造影对>3 mm动脉瘤的检出率比≤3 mm的检查率高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),数字减影血管造影对>3 mm、≤3 mm的检出率经对比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 在对颅内动脉瘤患者的诊断中,采用数字减影血管造影和头颈部CT血管造影检查各有优劣势,其中头颈部CT血管造影检查可对患者早期确诊,但该方法无法对微小、特殊位置的动脉瘤准确诊断,联合数字减影血管造影可提高诊断准确率,从而为临床医生制定治疗方案提供一定的参考依据。

多层螺旋CT冠状动脉造影与数字减影血管造影诊断经皮冠状动脉介入术术后再狭窄的效果分析

目的 探讨分析多层螺旋CT冠状动脉造影与数字减影血管造影(DSA)诊断经皮冠状动脉介入术(PCI)术后再狭窄中的效果。方法 选择我院收治的78例PCI术患者作为本次研究对象,纳入时间为2021年8月至2023年8月,患者均行多层螺旋CT冠状动脉造影与DSA诊断,以DSA诊断结果为金标准,针对不同诊断方式PCI术后再狭窄情况等展开分析。结果 78例PCI术患者支架共计160枚,经多层螺旋CT冠状动脉造影诊断显示术后出现狭窄30枚(18.8%),未出现狭窄130枚(81.2%),DSA诊断结果显示出现狭窄34枚(21.2%),未出现狭窄126枚(78.8%);PCI术后再狭窄的诊断中,多层螺旋CT冠状动脉造影特异度98.4%,灵敏度82.4%,阳性预测率93.3%,阴性预测率95.4%。结论 多层螺旋CT冠状动脉造影对于PCI术后再狭窄诊断结果同DSA诊断近似,能够较好预测PCI术后再狭窄情况,充分发挥辅助作用,临床将以上2种诊断方法结合应用,不仅可及时发现PCI术后再狭窄情况,而且可为相关治疗工作提供科学依据,同时还可作为筛查冠心病、PCI术后随访工具使用。

An evaluation of the arterial occlusions in peripheral arterial disease by 64-detector multi-slice CT angiography: DSA correlation

Objective: Evaluation of peripheral arterial disease with 64-detector multi-slice CT angiography (MDCT- A) and comparison of the results with the results of digital subtraction angiography (DSA), a standard reference. Materials and Method: The written informed consent of the patients and ethics committee approval were obtained. The retrospective study group consisted of 28 patients with a diagnosis of peripheral arterial disease. Using 64-MDCT-A, the arterial tree of the lower extremity was evaluated for the presence of steno-occlusive lesions that might have led to luminal stenosis. The diagnostic reliability of 64-MDCT- A was calculated and compared with that of DSA. Findings: In the segment-based analysis, the sensitivity, specificity, and reliability rates of 64-MDCT angiography in determining significant stenoses were 97.7%, 97%, and 97.3%, respectively. The Kappa co-efficiency for compatibility between 64-MDCT-A and DSA methods in grading stenosis was calculated as 0.896

Acquired renal arteriovenous malformation:the diagnostic value of three-dimensional multidetector-row computed tomography

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of three-dimensional multidetector-row computed tomography(MDCT) in detecting acquired renal arteriovenous malformation(RAVM) and to compare its performance with that of ultrasonography and digital subtraction angiography(DSA). Methods The institutional review board approved this retrospective study and written informed consent was obtained from all patients before examination. All 14 patients with acquired RAVM underwent MDCT, including cortical and medullary phase enhancement angiography and three-dimensional(3D) reconstruction. Five and nine patients were further examined and their diagnoses confirmed by DSA and surgery, respectively. The MDCT images, including 3D reconstructions, were analyzed for RAVM independently and in consensus by two observers using a workstation.Results Among the 14 patients with acquired RAVM, 12 with maximum lesion diameter ≥ 10 mm, and one with a maximum lesion diameter between 5 and 10 mm, were correctly diagnosed with MDCT angiography. Among these patients, four diagnoses were confirmed by DSA. One patient with a lesion 5–10 mm in diameter was misdiagnosed with a renal aneurysm by MDCT angiography. The other one with the maximum diameter of the lesion between 5 mm and 10 mm was misdiagnosed as renal aneurysm with MDCT angiography, which was diagnosed as renal arteriovenous malformation with DSA. Among 14 lesions in 14 patients, eight and six originated in the left and right kidney, respectively.Conclusion MDCT angiography can accurately diagnose RAVM and improve our understanding of the disease, which will allow clinicians to provide better care.

计算机体层血管成像在颅内动脉瘤诊断中的应用价值

目的 探讨头颈部计算机体层血管成像(CTA)在颅内动脉瘤诊断中的应用,评估CTA诊断颅内动脉瘤的准确性。方法 选取2020年1月至2021年8月成都市龙泉驿区第一人民医院收治的疑似颅内动脉瘤的142例患者,将同时行数字减影血管造影(DSA)和CTA检查并通过DSA确诊为颅内动脉瘤的100例患者纳入本研究,以此来评价CTA诊断的准确性。结果 以DSA诊断结果为参考标准,CTA诊断颅内动脉瘤的特异度及灵敏度分别为95.0%、100.0%。DSA和CTA在测量颅内动脉瘤最大直径平均值的准确度方面比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。CTA诊断时间为(13.59±4.22)min,明显短于DSA诊断时间(24.92±5.63)min(P<0.05)。结论 CTA诊断颅内动脉瘤的灵敏度和特异度较高,对瘤体大小测量较精确,且CTA诊断时间明显短于DSA。

计算机断层扫描血管造影对下肢动脉硬化性闭塞症的诊断价值

目的探讨计算机断层扫描血管造影(CTA)对下肢动脉硬化性闭塞症的诊断价值。方法收集2019年1月至2021年2月哈励逊国际和平医院收治的200例疑似下肢动脉硬化性闭塞症患者的临床资料,所有患者均于治疗前进行了CTA和数字减影血管造影(DSA)检查。以DSA检查结果为金标准,评估CTA检查对下肢动脉硬化性闭塞症的诊断价值。所有下肢动脉硬化性闭塞症患者均进行药物球囊或者支架植入治疗,观察患者治疗后的临床疗效及影像学表现。结果治疗前,CTA检查结果显示,下肢动脉硬化性闭塞症患者194例;DSA检查结果显示,下肢动脉硬化性闭塞症患者195例。CTA检查诊断下肢动脉硬化性闭塞症的灵敏度为97.95%(191/195),特异度为40.00%(2/5),阳性预测值为98.45%(191/194),阴性预测值为33.33%(2/6)。两种检查方式对下肢动脉硬化性闭塞症的诊断具有较高的一致性(Kappa=0.892)。治疗后,下肢动脉硬化性闭塞症患者的病变股动脉管径、病变股动脉横断面积、血管周围附着肌肉计算机断层扫描(CT)值及血管周围侧支循环数目均较治疗前明显增加(P﹤0.01)。结论CTA检查对下肢动脉硬化性闭塞症的诊断灵敏度较高,与DSA检查的一致性较好,有利于术前的准确诊断、手术治疗策略的选择及术后疗效的评估。

未破裂颅内动脉瘤的研究进展

未破裂颅内动脉瘤(UIA)多因患者出现头痛或头晕等不适而行头颅影像检查时发现。UIA在普通人群中的患病率为1%~2%,但UIA的相关机制及破裂风险尚不统一,其中,动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血(SAH)是较为严重的并发症,越来越引起人们的关注。因此,了解UIA破裂的影响因素、并发症发生率以及干预效果很重要。本文就UIA的患病率、危险因素、影像学监测作用以及UIA的筛查、治疗等进行综述。

探讨基于血管超声的多模式影像评估锁骨下动脉狭窄性病变的血流动力学改变

目的基于多模式影像对比研究颈部动脉超声(CDU)、CT血管成像(CTA)与数字减影血管造影(DSA)诊断锁骨下动脉狭窄的一致性,以DSA为金标准,旨在寻找锁骨下动脉不同狭窄程度的血流动力学参数。方法回顾性连续纳入2018年1月―2021年12月于苏州大学附属第一医院卒中中心就诊的患者179例,1周内均行CDU、主动脉弓上CT血管造影(CTA)及数字减影血管造影(DSA)检查,至少一项检查提示锁骨下动脉狭窄。分析179例患者双侧锁骨下动脉的狭窄程度。以DSA诊断为金标准评估CDU及CTA诊断锁骨下动脉狭窄程度,分别对CDU及CTA进行狭窄程度的Kappa一致性分析。以DSA为金标准进行狭窄程度分级,采用ROC曲线分析,确定轻度狭窄(<50%)、中度狭窄(50%~69%)和重度狭窄(70%~99%)的血流速度(PSV,EDV)以及血流速度比值(PSVOR/PSVDIS)的最佳截断值。结果(1)Kappa一致性分析:CTA与DSA有较高的一致性(κ=0.777),CDU与DSA有很好的一致性(κ=0.813);(2)以DSA为标准:CDU诊断锁骨下动脉狭窄段的收缩期峰值流速(PSV)、舒张期末流速(EDV)以及狭窄段与狭窄远段收缩期峰值流速比值(PSVOR/PSVDIS)分别为:轻度狭窄:PSV<252 cm/s,EDV<21 cm/s,PSVOR/PSVDIS<1.9;中度狭窄:252 cm/s≤PSV<339 cm/s,21 cm/s≤EDV<39 cm/s,1.9≤PSVOR/PSVDIS<4.0;重度狭窄:PSV≥339 cm/s,EDV≥39 cm/s,PSVOR/PSVDIS≥4.0。结论CDU能够无创、实时动态评估锁骨下动脉狭窄程度并分析血流动力学改变,为临床精准治疗提供分层管理依据。

头颈部CTA对颅内破裂动脉瘤早期诊断价值研究

目的以数字减影血管造影(digital subtraction angiography,DSA)为标准,探讨头颈部CT血管成像(computed tomography angiography,CTA)对颅内破裂动脉瘤病变部位、大小、形态特征早期诊断价值。方法回顾性分析2018年1月—2021年10月本院收治的发病在5天内因颅内动脉瘤破裂致蛛网膜下腔出血(subarachnoid hemorrhage,SAH)行CTA检查并行DSA检查的患者61例的临床资料。比较分析这两种方法测量破裂的动脉瘤部位、形态参数,分析灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、颅内动脉瘤的直径、瘤颈宽度,动脉瘤颈部和母体动脉的三维关系、图像质量优良率比较。结果CTA和DSA检查破裂动脉瘤部位、动脉瘤颈部和母体动脉的三维关系比较、瘤体直径及瘤颈宽度比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。CTA与DSA检查的图像质量优良率之间的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。对于直径<4 mm的破裂颅内动脉瘤,CTA的灵敏度为90.0%,特异度为71.43%,阳性预测值为90.0%,阴性预测值为71.43%,而对于≥4 mm的破裂颅内动脉瘤,CTA的灵敏度为96.29%,特异度为85.71%,阳性预测值为96.29%,阴性预测值为85.71%。结论CTA与DSA发现动脉瘤部位大小、颈部和母体动脉的三维关系、瘤体直径及瘤颈宽度比、图像质量优良率相近。CTA在临床上应用广泛,安全性较高,CTA显示动脉瘤,大于4 mm的要比小于4 mm的更好。

Dual-energy computed tomography angiography for evaluating the renal vascular variants

Background Recognizing renal vascular variants preoperatively is important in order to avoid vascular complications during surgery. This study aimed to investigate the renal vascular variants with dual-energy computed tomography （DECT） angiography to provide valuable information for surgery. Methods A total of 378 patients underwent DECT. The number, size, course and relationships of the renal vessels were retrospectively observed from the scans. Anomalies of renal arteries and veins were recorded and classified. Multiplanar reformations （MPR）, maximum intensity projections （MIP）, and volume renderings （VR） were used for analysis. Results In 378 patients （756 kidneys）, renal artery variations were discovered and recorded in 123 kidneys （16.3%, 123/756） of 106 patients （28.0%, 106/378）. Type IB （early branches of the only one main renal artery） and IC （accessory renal artery with only one main renal artery） were found most frequently with an incidence of 11.4% （43/378） and 14.5% （55/378）. The incidence of renal artery variations in the left kidney was not statistically different than in the right kidney （12.4% vs. 11.1%）. The incidence of renal vein variations was detected in 104 patients （27.5%, 104/378）. The incidence of venous variants in the right kidney was higher than in the left kidney （20.1% vs. 7.4%）, but left renal vein variations were more complex. Variants of the left renal vein were detected in 28 patients including type 1 （circumaortic left renal vein） in eight cases, type 2 （retroaortic left renal vein） in seven cases, type 3 （abnormal reflux） in six cases, type 4 （late venous confluence of left renal vein） in five cases, and type 5 （rare type） in two cases. The frequency of left renal vein variation associated with the left renal accessory artery was significantly higher than with early branches of the left renal artery （P=0.037）. Conclusions The renal vascular variants are rather common and complex. DECT angiography can demonstrate the precise anatomy of the renal vessels, which is a benefit for renal transplantation or other renal operations

探究减影CT肺血管造影碘图在卵巢癌患者术前急性肺动脉栓塞诊断中的价值

目的:探讨计算机体层成像肺血管造影(computed tomographic pulmonary angiography,CTPA)图像使用减影软件生成减影CTPA碘图对卵巢癌(ovarian cancer,OC)患者术前急性肺动脉栓塞(acute pulmonary embolism,APE)的诊断价值。方法:分析2018年1月—2022年6月术前怀疑为APE且在320排CT上行CTPA检查的OC患者影像学资料,并使用SURE Subtraction Lung软件生成减影CTPA碘图,结合临床及影像学数据评估减影CTPA碘图对APE的诊断效能。结果:符合纳入标准的302例OC患者中,21例(6.95%)患有APE。共检出栓子70个,于肺动脉主干10个(14.29%),肺叶动脉17个(24.29%),段肺动脉29个(41.43%),亚段及以下肺动脉14个(20.00%)。与诊断标准相比,CTPA检出55个,漏诊15个,误诊50个;减影CTPA碘图检出65个,漏诊5个,误诊22个。根据诊断数据分析,使用CTPA诊断APE的灵敏度为57.14%,特异度为82.56%;减影CTPA碘图诊断APE的灵敏度和特异度分别为85.71%和92.53%。在基于分段分析中,58个(82.86%)栓子在碘图上表现出相应的楔形灌注缺损(perfusion defect,PD)。与正常肺实质相比,与APE相关的PD定量灌注显著降低(0.038±0.030 vs 0.119±0.035,P<0.001)。结论:减影CTPA碘图可提高肺动脉微小栓子的检出率和术前OC患者APE的诊断准确度,其影像学诊断效能高于普通CTPA。