Urban Spatial Form Optimization Strategies Based on the Principle of Climate Adaptability of Regional Architecture: A Case Study of Traditional Cave Dwelling Villages in Northern Shaanxi Province

A multitude of climate-adaptive design approaches are embedded in regional architecture,which have a positive impact on addressing the deformed development of urban spatial patterns and the dual challenges of climate and resources.This paper examines the principles of climate adaptability embedded in the site layout and spatial organization characteristics of traditional cave dwelling villages in northern Shaanxi Province.The extracted climate adaptability principles are summarized,and the resulting design strategies that are well-suited to the contemporary urban space form are presented.Through analysis,it can be observed that traditional cave dwelling villages in northern Shaanxi are predominantly situated on south-facing slopes in proximity to water at low altitudes.These villages are characterized by compact building groups and east-west development,which is constrained by the elements of mountains and rivers.A two-level street system is generated,comprising streets parallel to the contour line and roadways perpendicular to the contour line.This results in the formation of a courtyard form enclosed by mountains.Such site layout and spatial organization exhibit excellent climate adaptability with regard to heat,ventilation,and wind storage.In light of the aforementioned considerations,the following urban spatial form design strategies are put forth:①the topographic height difference can be exploited to obtain sufficient sunshine;②the group shape can be optimized in order to reduce building energy consumption;③the best orientation of the building can be chosen to take account of both winter and summer conditions;④the height and length can be combined in order to form natural masking;⑤the D/H ratio of streets and roadways should be controlled to achieve a balance between heat gain and cooling of groups;⑥vents should be set appropriately to optimize group ventilation;⑦climate buffers should be established to increase the level of climate response.

Research on the Ecological Wisdom of Traditional Dwellings of the Liangshan Yi Nationality Based on Regional Climate

As a typical building with ethnic and regional characteristics in southwest Chi-na, its construction skills contain rich local ecological wisdom. The detailed analysis of the climatic and geomorphological features of the Liangshan Yi nationality area shows that the thermal mass effect is the first choice for the passive adjustment strategy of residential dwellings. This study focuses on the typical representatives of traditional dwellings in Meigu County, analyzing the wisdom of ecological construction to improve the thermal mass effects of res-idential buildings at the macro (village), moderate (courtyard), and micro (building unit) levels. Based on this analysis, the study summarizes the “genetic factor library” of the ecological construction mode of traditional Yi residential dwellings. Finally, the measured data of the residential thermal environment and the simulation data of Ecotect software are used to study and judge the logic behind its ecological construction wisdom. The results show that the tradi-tional dwellings of the Yi nationality in Liangshan have six aspects of local en-vironmental knowledge to improve the thermal mass effects performance of buildings. The winter thermal environment of the house is comfortable, and the heat is sufficient;Rammed earth materials in residential buildings have more potent, powerful, and robust thermal mass effects performance than stone slabs and wooden boards.

Reclusive Dwelling Schema of Chinese Landscape Painting:Narrative Medium,Visualization,and Implication

The reclusive dwelling is an important part of the traditional philosophical culture of ancient China.The Chinese spiritual imagery of reclusion is mainly represented by narrative mediums of poems,paintings,and garden works,resulting in artistic visualization with poetic implication.The article analyzed six Chinese landscape paintings of reclusive dwelling theme,in terms of narrative medium,visualization,and implication.The intention is to conclude the reclusive dwelling schema of Chinese landscape painting and study a visualizing methodology involved spiritual implication on dwelling,which could be beneficial to both contemporary art and architectural creations.

Study on Architectural Concept of Environmental Adaptability of Vernacular Dwellings in Guanzhong-Tianshui Area

Vernacular dwellings are organic products adaptive to local climate and other natural conditions. From the perspective of climatic and geographical features, this study analyzed spatial layouts, outer appearance, courtyard layout and material structure of vernacular dwellings in Guanzhong-Tianshui area, and refined the ecological concepts and technologies adaptive to local environment. Vernacular dwellings are expected to develop sustainably in the evolution of natural environment, and adapt to the development needs of local human settlements.

Numerical Simulation Analysis and Ecological Evaluation on Wind Environment of Dwelling Groups in Severe Cold Regions

The wind environment around residential building groups is increasingly concerned,while the dwelling groups as the elementary unit of planning design,its quality of surrounding wind environment will directly affect people's life. This study based on the climatic conditions of severe cold regions,selects four dwellings groups with different openings scale and position as the research objects,and then simulates and analyzes the wind speed distribution characteristics of each pattern. Meanwhile,it extracts the wind speed values of one hundred points of each pattern and applies the coefficient of uniformity method to the ecological evaluation. It has been found that grouping pattern of buildings has a dramatic effect on the resulting airflow behavior. Configurations that contain a T-shaped central space with small opened side can effectively prevent and contain airflow in the site offer. The interactive influence between layout of dwelling groups and wind environment are explored,so as to provide basis for the planning design of dwelling groups.

Research on the Construction of Natural, Ecological and Environment-friendly Earth-wooden Folk Dwellings

By applying modern and traditional techniques of constructing tulou (or literally translated as earthen structures, and also known as "hakka tulou", "earth dwelling", and "round stronghold"), building environment and traditional ecological views of tulou were taken as the basis to explore the construction of modern folk dwellings. Work in all areas is promoted by drawing upon the experience gained on key points. Highlight of the design is to use raw soil and pollution-free raw materials, explore the construction of ecological folk dwellings in the new countryside, seek for the breakthrough of traditional architectural designs on the application of raw soil, and find out a practical platform for the construction of natural, ecological and environment-friendly buildings.

Merging Traditional Dwelling Form into Modern Neighborhood—— A Holiday Villa District's Planning and Design in Shanghai

Taking a holiday villa district for example, this paper explored the ways of merging traditional dwelling form into modern neighborhood, in the planning and design of this villa district, external space designs of traditional villages were borrowed to stress the construction of traditional spaces, and the layout of road traffi c. It was elaborated that in the design of Chinese residential buildings, not only should Chinese style be applied in the facade design of dwellings, but also traditional dwelling forms should be merged with modern life, so the essence of traditional resident culture can be demonstrated in modern residential areas.

Study on Features of Traditional Folk Dwellings in Yimeng Mountainous Areas

Traditional folk dwellings in Yimeng mountainous areas in south Shandong were studied,the formation factors and characteristics analyzed according to the existing folk dwellings,then advantages and disadvantages of thatched cottages in the local area expounded,which is signifi cant for the inheritance of traditional folk dwellings in south Shandong and the folk dwelling design in the new countryside.

An Eternal Quest for Poetic Dwelling: A Comparative Study of the Eco-Ethic Thoughts in Silent Spring and Wolf Totem

This thesis is aimed at conducting a comparative study of the ecoethic thoughts in Silent Spring and Wolf Totem. It points out that Carson and Jiang's eco-ethics are relatively complete, ideal and objective. Moreover, the most shining features are that they not only unfold the grim fact of ecological crisis before the public, but also instil confidence and hope in each and every reader.

Factors Affecting the Health-Related Quality of Life of Community-Dwelling Elderly in Japan: A Focus on Spirituality

This study aimed to explain factors affecting health-related quality of life among community-dwelling elderly individuals living in Japan. We conducted a questionnaire survey of 898 individuals at senior citizens clubs in a rural area near the Tokyo metropolitan area in 2015, and analyzed the responses of 715 who provided valid responses. The survey questions included basic attributes (e.g., age, economic affluence), state of health (e.g., whether s/he has heart disease or not), the Spirituality Rating Scale Related to Health in the Elderly (SP Health Scale, composed of, e.g., meaning and purpose of living, self-transcendence), the Abbreviated Lubben Social Network Scale, and the MOS 8-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-8). Multiple regression analyses were performed using the physical component summary (PCS) and mental component summary (MCS) of the SF-8 as dependent variables and all others as independent variables. Factors associated with improved PCS were economic affluence and SP Health Scale (meaning and purpose of living), while the factors associated with reduced PCS were age and state of health (heart disease, gastrointestinal disease, osteoarthritis, lower back pain, knee pain, and eligible for long-term care). Meanwhile, factors associated with improved MCS were economic affluence, while those that were associated with reduced MCS were state of health (cancer and headache) and SP Health Scale (self-transcendence). These results suggest the need to understand spirituality in addition to the subjective economic situation, age, and medical condition of elderly individuals in order to improve their physical and mental health.

Landscape Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Residences:A Case Study of Sunken Cave Dwellings in Baishe Village,Sanyuan County,Shaanxi Province

With reference to the existing research in the field of historical building evaluation, this study introduced the theory of landscape evaluation, constructed an index evaluation system by using the analytic hierarchy process(AHP), calculated the relative weight of the judgment matrix by using the pairwise comparison, and assigned each index factor to determine the landscape evaluation scores of traditional residences. Based on the investigation of the sunken cave dwellings in Baishe Village, Sanyuan County, Shaanxi Province, the traditional residence landscape evaluation system was applied in practice, the evaluation results were analyzed, and suggestions for protection and development were put forward.

Evolution of Fire-sealing Gable Walls' Diversity in Leizhou Traditional Vernacular Red-brick Dwellings

Peculiar color and form of Leizhou red-brick folk dwelling distinguishes it from other vernacular dwellings in Lingnan region(south of the Five Ridges, referring to the current Guangdong and Guangxi). The fi re-sealing gable wall(hereinafter referred to as fi re-sealing wall) in brilliant colors, diversifi ed forms and exaggerated shapes is a remarkable symbol of local dwellings. Originating from Fulao traditional vernacular dwelling and inheriting its advantages, fi re-sealing wall of Leizhou red-brick vernacular dwelling has shown diversity for the infl uence of immigrants, regional cultures, social background and economic status, and formed its own features in color, form and decoration. On the basis of fi eld investigation, this paper described diversifi ed features of the fi re-sealing wall of Leizhou red-brick vernacular dwelling, analyzed the causes of its diversity from the perspectives of aesthetics, function and technology, and explored the harmonious living philosophy implied by its function, form and art.

Renovation Project of Vernacular Dwellings against the Background of Historical and Cultural Tourism

Taking the renovation project of vernacular dwellings in Chadong Village in Nanlang Town, Zhongshan City for example, historical background of historical and cultural tourism and concrete situation of the project were combined to elaborate the principles, methods and implementation measures of vernacular dwellings in such projects. Renovation projects of vernacular dwellings could protect historical buildings, coordinate regional historical images, and improve the quality of history and culture, so it could be widely applied in historical and cultural tourism of villages and towns.

Modern Spontaneous Evolution and Research Value of Construction System of Tibetan Dwellings in Aba County: A Case Study of Tieqiong Village in Waerma Town

Based on the field survey of dwellings in Tieqiong Village of Waerma Town in Aba County, northwest Tibetan area of Sichuan Province, this paper firstly introduced main characteristics of the construction system in the structure, materials and structural system, and analyzed changes in construction practices of various dwellings from traditional to modern time. Finally, it summarized characteristics of spontaneous evolution and research value of the construction system of dwellings in the northwest Tibetan area of Sichuan Province, with rammed earth wooden dwellings in upper and middle Aba areas as representatives.

Analysis of Landscape Spatial Layout of Cave Dwellings

The existence and development of primitive cave buildings are influenced by constant improvement of living conditions.Based on the research of landscape theory and related theory,the paper analyzes the three types of cave dwellings,and compares the advantages and disadvantages of spatial layout of cave dwellings.Some suggestions are put forward for improving the spatial layout of modern cave dwellings according to the existing problems.It is hoped that cave dwellings can better meet the living needs of modern residents after renovation and design,so that the architectural form of cave dwellings can be well preserved and developed.

Is Cognition a Determinant of Health Related Quality of Life in Community Dwelling Non Demented Elderly?

Quality of life (QOL) is an important topic in social and medical sciences, it has a multidimensional nature and is influenced by many factors. Aim of the Work: In this study we want to assess the impact of cognitive impairment on the health related quality of life (HR-QOL) of community dwelling non demented elderly. Subject and Method: 115 non demented elderly, 60 years and older recruited from outpatient geriatric clinic at Al Mansoura General Hospital, Dakahlia, Egypt. Each participant underwent, comprehensive geriatric assessment, assessing cognitive function using the mini-mental state examination (MMSE) and montreal cognitive function test, assessing the health related quality of life (HR-QOL) by the RAND-36 health survey. Results: We found that the elderly with impaired cognition by both MMSE and Montreal test were significantly older;the ones with lower education, with more depressive symptoms, had more functional impairment and had lower HR-QOL scores than the elderly with normal cognitive function, after controlling for confounders still cognition was a determinant of HR-QOL. Also by linear correlation coefficient a significant correlation between HR-QOL and age, function, cognition and depression was found. Conclusion: Cognition affects significantly HR-QOL of the elderly, so we can say that interventions targeting cognition in the elderly can significantly improve their QOL.

Prevalence of Anemia among Community Dwelling Elderly in Dakahlia as a Representative of Rural Areas in Egypt and Its Impact on Their Functional Status

Background: Anemia is a common problem with serious consequences in older person but is often overlooked despite considerable evidence that low hemoglobin levels indicate physiologic decline in these patients. Multiple studies demonstrate that anemia is an independent risk factor for increased morbidity and mortality, and decreased quality of life in community-dwelling older persons. Increasing functional deterioration is associated with decreasing hemoglobin concentration in an inverse and linear manner. Aim: to assess the prevalence of anemia in free-living elderly subjects living in an urban community of Meet Abbad-Nabaroh, Dakahlia. Egypt and its impact on their functional level. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was done including 93 elderly ≥ 60 ys old, both males and females recruited from Meet Abbad-Nabaroh, Dakahlia, Egypt. All subjects underwent a complete medical history taking, clinical evaluation then blood hemoglobin level was measured, and anemia was defined according to the World Health Organization definition of anemia (hemoglobin level less than 13 g per dL [130 g per L] in men and less than 12 g per dL [120 g per L] in women). Results: The study revealed that the prevalence of anemia is 15.05% among the studied participants (14.5% among the male group and 16.1% among females), 14% had mild anemia and 1% had moderate anemia, with significant increase with age as there was significant difference (p = 0.042) between the different age groups of the studied participants, also history of blood loss and anemia showed positive significant correlation (p-value = 0.001), and highly significant correlations between intake of non steroidal anti inflammatory drugs (NSAID) and anemia (p-value = 0.000). The impact of anemia on functional status and risk of fall respectively showed significant difference between anemic and non anemic as regards instrumental activity of daily living (IADL) (p = 0.007), and timed up and go test (p-value = 0.01), also there is significant correlation between anemia and mini mental state examination (MMSE) (p-value 0.046) with worse performance among the anemic ones. Conclusion & Recommendation: anemia represents a health problem of significance among the community dwelling elderly with bad drawback on their functional level;their need for health & community services has a financial impact so this problem needs more assessment for better prevention and treatment.

Space Landscape Design Strategy of Cave Dwelling Settlement in Guanzhong Region

Under the background of new urbanization development, landscape design of cave dwelling settlement should be valued. By mining and cognizing cave culture, the connotation and space type of cave dwelling settlement in Guanzhong region are analyzed, and landscape design strategies on natural environment, street space, courtyard space, public space, architectural form and landscape element of cave dwel ing are proposed, which could provide some systematic theory suggestions for land design highlighting regional characteristics.

Technical Guidelines for Renovation of Yangzhou Traditional Dwellings and Its Compilation

With the evolution of the renewal concept and protection mode of dwellings in ancient city in the new era,the guidelines for the renovation of dwellings compiled in the past have shown obvious limitations of the times.Its compilation form is too simple,and the content is slightly insufficient,and it is difficult to scientifically guide the high-standard renovation of traditional dwellings in the new era.In the compilation of the Technical Guidelines for Renovation of Yangzhou Traditional Dwellings,the core concept is “continuing the style and texture of the ancient city,inheriting the construction technology of private houses,and integrating innovative renovation techniques”,and an overall framework for integrating the technical guidelines for renovation of traditional dwellings in “new era and new concept” is proposed.The classification guidance standards for different types of traditional dwellings and their surrounding ancillary environment are formulated,and the corresponding renovation plans of traditional dwellings are systematically drawn as supplementary guidance documents for the relevant classification guidance standards.

The Protection and Inheritance of Ancient Dwellings in Liu Jiaqiao Village under the Change of Times

In this paper, the author takes the ancient dwellings in Liu Jiaqiao Village as an example to excavate its protection value. Meanwhile, the changing reasons of the dwellings are analyzed. Based on the analysis, the strategies dealing with the phenomenon are proposed from the perspective of protection and inher-itance.