Quantitative structure-activity relationship study on the biodegradation of acid dyestuffs

Quantitative structure-biodegradability relationships （QSBRs） were established to develop predictive models and mechanistic explanations for acid dyestuffs as well as biological activities. With a total of four descriptors, molecular weight （MW）, energies of the highest occupied molecular orbital （EHOMO）, the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital （ELUMO）, and the excited state （EES）, calculated using quantum chemical semi-empirical methodology, a series of models were analyzed between the dye biodegradability and each descriptor. Results showed that EHOMO and Mw were the dominant parameters controlling the biodegradability of acid dyes. A statistically robust QSBR model was developed for all studied dyes, with the combined application of EHOMO and Mw. The calculated biodegradations fitted well with the experimental data monitored in a facultative-aerobic process, indicative of the reliable prediction and mechanistic character of the developed model.

Union Dyeing Behavior on the Blends of Tencel and Shrink-proofing Wool with the Same Reactive Dyestuffs in One Bath

In order to obtain union colour on the blends of Tencel and shrink-proofing wool and improve the efficiency of dyeing process, the dyeing behavior on the blends of Tencel and shrink-proofing wool in the same bath was studied. The Argazol TW reactive dyestuffs were involved in the dyeing process. The parameters under different conditions such as exhaustion, fixation,compatibility as well as soaping fastness were investigated in detail. It is shown that the Argazol TW reactive dyestuffs are suitable for dyeing of blends of Tencel and shrink-proofing wool and good dyeing behavior can be expected.

Relationships between Species of Dyestuff Precursor and Dyeability in Hair Colouring Made by Enzymatic Oxidation Technique Using Bio-Catechols

In the study, hair colouring by utilising enzymatic oxidation of nine species of bio-catechols, which are biobased materials having the catechol (o-dihydroxybenzene) group, was examined. The bio-catechols used are (+)-catechin (Cat), (-)-epicatechin (EC), L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA), hematoxylin (HX), brazilin (BZ), rosmarinic acid (RA), caffeic acid (CA), chlorogenic acid (ChA) or ellagic acid (EA). The dyeability of human white hair samples dyed by two kinds of dyeing methods using the bio-catechols was compared. First one is dyeing hair during the enzymatic oxidation of a bio-catechol dye precursor in a dye solution (simultaneous oxidation dyeing method). Second one is dyeing hair by oxidising enzymatically the precursor on hair, which is pre-treated with a bio-catechol solution (post-oxidation dyeing method). The results show that the bio-catechols except EA are oxidised to give colourants and Cat, EC, DOPA, HX and BZ are available for hair dyeing. Overall, the dyeability of simultaneous oxidation dyeing method is higher than that of post-oxidation one. The colour of the hair dyed by simultaneous method is yellowish brown for Cat or EC, grey for DOPA, dark yellowish brown for HX or reddish brown for BZ, respectively. The most vivid or deepest colour of dyed hair is obtained by dyeing with Cat or HX, respectively, in the simultaneous technique. It was found that the bio-catechols having chroman (3, 4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran) structure in the molecule such as Cat, EC, HX and BZ are useful for hair colouring.

Effect of Reaction Conditions on Production of Catechinone Hair Dyestuff in Water/Alcohol Mixed Solution

Catechinone hair dyestuff was produced chemically from (+)-catechin by the oxidation with O2 in basic water/alcohol mixed solution. The effects of reaction conditions such as basicity, sorts of added base, temperature, alcohol molar fraction of solvent and sorts of added alcohols on the catechinone formation were studied in order to increase the efficiency of the dyestuff production. The amount of obtained catechinone increases with increasing basicity of the reaction solution. The dyestuff is obtained by adding monoethanol amine, diethanol amine, triethanol amine, l-arginine, Na2CO3, K2CO3, Na3PO4 or NaOH into the solution as a base and the most preferable base is monoethanol amine. The optimum temperature for the production in water/ethanol solution is 30°C. It was found that water-soluble alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, 2-propanol, 1-propanol and tert-butyl alcohol are available for preparing the dyestuff. The optimum alcohol molar fraction of the mixed solvent used for the dye formation is 0.45 for methanol, 0.25 for ethanol and 0.20 for 2-propanol, 0.15 for 1-propanol and 0.10 for tert-butyl alcohol. The amount of the obtained dyestuff reaches a maximum at 1) 0.35 and 0.59, 2) 0.35 or 3) 0.35 mol·kg¨1 of the concentration of (+)-catechin for the 1) water/methanol, 2) water/ethanol or 3) water/1-propanol system, respectively.

Looking for Chinese Red:Materia Medica Trade along the Silk Road and Development of Chinese Red Dyestuff

In thousands of years from the Pre-Qin Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty,crimson represents sacredness and good fortune in several dynasties and is honored in the hierarchy of colors.Meanwhile,introduction to the exotic Materia Medica for dyeing from the Silk Road trade greatly expands the dyeing category of red color.The exotic red dyestuff is eventually integrated into the red culture of the Central Plains through the localization process.Therefore,it becomes the color symbol on behalf of Chinese nation.

Recovery of Dyestuffs from Dilute Solution with Two-phase Electrophoresis

1 INTRODUCTIONMany new separation tasks arose from bio-technologyand environmental science are separation of solutesfrom dilute solutions.Removal of dyestuffs from theirdilute solutions is one of the examples.Dyestuffsare not efficiently removed by conventional tech-niques,and also,it could cause serious environmentalpollution.Therefore,it is desired to develop newtechniques to separate dyestuffs to save chemicals andto control pollution.Two-phase electrophoresis,a coupled separationtechnique of solvent extraction with electrophoresis,was first developed by Stichlmair et al.On the

Study on Optical Absorption Behavior of Dyestuff in Fabric

Fabric is a kind of turbid materials with strong light scattering, to which the Kubelka-Munk theory can be applied to describe it optical behavior. In this paper, the light absorption coefficients of dyestuff in fabrics are obtained by test and calculation through a special method proposed by the authors. Then the optical behaviours of dyestuff in fabric are studied. Results show that, the absorption coefficient of dye in fabric is non-scalable and exponential to dye concentration in fabric which is totally different from that of the dye in transparent media like water.

线粒体靶向的罗丹明衍生物用于肿瘤荧光成像

设计合成了两例以罗丹明为母体的荧光染料RDMID-C和RDMID-N。实验结果表明,上述染料分子具有较低的细胞毒性,良好的生物相容性及靶向细胞线粒体的能力。两例荧光染料在细胞器定位实验中与商业化线粒体染料的共定位系数较高,并在小鼠肿瘤中有较长的滞留时间,可以用于肿瘤荧光成像。

Synthesis and characterization of azo dyestuff based on bis(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate derived from depolymerized waste poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibers

This work aimed at effectively utilizing the chemically depolymerized waste poly（ethylene terephthalate）（PET） fibers into useful products for the textile industry.PET fibers were glycolytically degraded by excess ethylene glycol as depolymerizing agent and zinc acetate dihydrate as catalyst.The glycolysis product,bis（2-hydroxyethyl） terephthalate（BHET）,was purified through repeated crystallization to get an average yield above 80%.Then,BHET was nitrated,reduced,and azotized to get diazonium salt.Finally,the produced diazonium salt was coupled with 1-（4-sulfophenyl）-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone to get azo dyestuff.The structures of BHET and azo dyestuff were identified by FT1 R and ^1H NMR spectra and elemental analysis.Nylon filaments dyed by the synthesized azo dyestuff with the dye bath pH from 4.14 to 5.88 showed bright yellow color.The performances of the dyestuff were described with dye uptake,color fastness,K/S,L^＊,a^＊,b^＊.and △E^＊ values.

烘燥对活性染料染色丝绸的颜色损伤

为阐明烘燥对丝绸织物颜色损伤的机理,开展了干衣机烘燥微环境中丝绸织物颜色变化规律和脱落染料组分鉴定研究。文章采用活性红195,以一浴一步法对桑蚕丝织物染色并烘燥不同的时间周期。织物颜色测试结果表明,经过不同烘燥周期后丝织物的L^(*)、a^(*)、b^(*)值都发生了变化。尤其是在经过20个烘燥周期后,与原试样相比,丝织物的L^(*)、a^(*)、b^(*)值和总色差ΔE变化较为显著。为研究染料烘燥时脱落的成分,采用去离子水将沾色试样上沾染的浮色物质洗脱后进行反向高效液相色谱(RP-HPLC)和核磁共振氢谱(H-NMR)测试。结果表明:与活性红195水解反应生成3个中间产物和1个最终产物的现象不同,沾色试样洗脱液中仅检出染料水解的最终产物。由此推断,在染色或皂洗时染料会发生水解并吸附在纤维表面和孔隙内部,在烘燥时未与纤维反应的水解染料会从纤维上脱落,这是造成丝绸织物烘燥颜色变化的主要原因之一。

SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF A NEW DYESTUFF POLYMER SOLUBLE IN ALKALINE AQUEOUS MEDIA

Novel dyestuff polymers were successfully obtained through oxidative polymerization technique. The synthesized Schiff base and its polymer were soluble in alkaline＇aqueous medium and they have various colors in different solutions. Also, it can be said that the synthesized compounds are suitable as coloring agent （dyestuff） for textile applications. Fluorescence properties of the compounds were determined in DMF with different concentrations （mg/L）. Poly-tris（4- aminophenyl）methanol （P-TAPM） has quite high emission and excitation intensity values. Optical and electrochemical band gaps of the polymers were lower than those of the monomers indicating the more conjugated structure of the polymers. The oxidized states of the novel dyestuff compounds were examined by cyclic voltammetry （CV） technique. The solid state conductivity measurements showed that the synthesized polymers were semiconductors when exposed to the iodine vapour their conductivities could be increased. P-TAPM had the highest undoped conductivity. Thermal characterizations of the synthesized compounds were carried out by TG-DTA and DSC methods.

典型染料医药化工园区清洁生产与循环经济发展路径研究

本研究以典型染料医药精细化工园区HSEDA为对象,从四个方面分析其近17年来产学研政合作推行清洁生产与发展循环经济的技术路径与创新实践、所取得的减污降碳绩效,以及未来展望。研究发现,HSEDA绿色低碳循环发展有四个特征:①突出园区精细化物质流能量流管理,自下而上理清多产品、多元素、多层级物质能量代谢结构、路径和过程,定量揭示全生命周期环境影响,设计清洁生产和循环经济靶向措施;②染料行业自主开发了连续硝化、催化加氢、重氮化,高效分离、传热传质偶合等清洁技术,提效减排绩效显著;③医药行业开发了维生素、喹诺酮关键中间体短流程绿色合成技术,提高了原子经济性;④园区定量分析反应、工艺及物料全生命周期安全特性和风险,系统设计,提高本质安全。2006—2019年,HSEDA实现经济与资源、能源、环境脱钩发展。在“双碳”战略下,从系统角度提出园区“一核六驱”绿色低碳循环发展新模式。

腐殖酸复合锆基MOF材料(HA@UiO-66)的制备及其染料污染物吸附性能研究

通过原位生长的方法成功制备了腐殖酸(HA)复合UiO-66的纳米材料(HA@UiO-66),通过SEM、XRD、FT-IR、Zeta电位对其进行表征。将HA@UiO-66用于阳离子染料亚甲基蓝(MB^(+))和阴离子染料甲基橙(MO^(-))的吸附处理,结果表明,MB^(+)和MO^(-)在HA@UiO-66上的吸附过程符合伪二级动力学和Langmuir等温吸附模型;HA@UiO-66对MB^(+)和MO^(-)的吸附容量都大幅度提高,最大平衡吸附量分别为123.3 mg/g和49.6 mg/g,并且表现出对阳离子染料MB^(+)的优先吸附。

南湖菱壳色素提取及其稳定性研究

南湖菱壳色素是一种源自大自然的生物型染料,为充分利用该天然染料,文章从色素提取影响因素及其对织物染色工艺的影响出发,探讨菱壳色素的提取工艺及其稳定性。研究结果表明,提取菱壳色素的优化工艺为:以蒸馏水作为提取剂,料液比1∶10,pH值7、提取温度90℃、提取时间80 min,此工艺条件下菱壳色素一次提取率为27.16%。氧化剂、还原剂、NaCl、单宁酸、明矾对菱壳色素稳定性影响不大,酸碱度、温度、草木灰、柠檬酸对菱壳色素的稳定性均有一定影响,其中酸碱度和温度的影响较大。

生物质基铁/氮共掺杂多孔炭的制备及其活化过一硫酸盐催化降解罗丹明B

丝瓜络具有天然的三维多孔结构,是制备生物质基杂原子掺杂多孔炭的理想前体。本文以丝瓜络为碳源、尿素为氮源、九水硫酸铁为铁源,经简单的浸渍、高温炭化,成功制备了铁/氮共掺杂多孔炭(Fe@NC),通过SEM、XRD、BET和Raman等表征结果表明:制备的铁/氮共掺杂多孔炭保持了生物质前体的多孔结构,Fe/N共掺杂有利于提高碳材料的比表面积和缺陷程度。进一步研究发现所制备的Fe@NC作为催化剂可以活化过一硫酸盐(PMS),实现罗丹明B(RhB)的有效降解,详细考察了炭化温度、PMS浓度、多孔炭投加量、溶液初始pH、阴离子和腐殖酸对RhB去除率的影响。结果表明:在优化的条件下,Fe@NC-800/PMS体系在20min内对RhB去除率达到99.9%,其反应速率常数分别为Fe@C-800/PMS、NC-800/PMS和C-800/PMS反应体系的2.5倍、12.7倍和22.7倍。抑制实验和EPR分析结果表明,Fe@NC-800/PMS体系中的主要活性物种为SO_(4)^(·-)、·OH和^(1)O_(2),RhB的降解是通过自由基和非自由基途径协同作用实现的。此外,循环实验表明Fe@NC-800具有良好的重复利用性,且能够有效抑制金属浸出。

高压脉冲放电降解直接耐晒翠蓝GL废水

采用自制高压脉冲放电等离子体反应器降解染料废水中的DB86(直接耐晒翠蓝GL),研究脉冲电压、电极间距、气体流量、初始质量浓度等参数对DB86降解效果的影响,并分析放电过程中质量浓度ρ_(TOC)、pH值的变化规律。结果表明:DB86质量浓度为100 mg/L时,在脉冲电压22 kV、脉冲频率50 Hz、放电间距8 mm、空气流量3.0 L/min、电导率200μS/cm条件下降解效果达到最好。动力学研究表明,高压脉冲放电降解DB86染料废水的过程符合伪一级反应动力学模型。通过对DB86分子降解机理分析,得出放电过程产生的活性物质导致染料废水降解,其中·OH起关键作用。并生成第3方酸性物质甲酸、乙酸等。整个放电过程中溶液的pH值呈下降趋势,溶液最终显酸性。

介孔纳米羟基磷灰石对刚果红染料吸附性能的研究

以氯化钙、磷酸氢二铵、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵为原料,采用水热合成工艺制备了介孔纳米羟基磷灰石,并用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜和比表面积分析仪对其进行物相、形貌和结构进行表征,然后着重研究了介孔纳米羟基磷灰石在各种不同条件下对刚果红染料的吸附性能。结果表明:介孔纳米羟基磷灰石的微观形貌为针棒状,比表面积为29.7376m^(2)/g,平均孔径为41.558nm,孔体积为0.325196cm3/g。介孔纳米羟基磷灰石材料对刚果红染料具有较好的吸附性能,当溶液pH为7时,介孔纳米羟基磷灰石对刚果红吸附效果最好,最大吸附量可达183.77mg/g。通过模型拟合可知介孔纳米羟基磷灰石对刚果红的吸附过程符合准二级动力学模型和朗格缪尔等温吸附模型,属于自发的吸热过程。因此,介孔纳米羟基磷灰石可以作为绿色生物吸附剂用于染料的吸附。

染料中间体废水处理工程实例

染料中间体废水具有高盐、高COD、高氨氮等特点,废水处理难度大。某化工企业采用预处理-生化处理的组合工艺处理该类废水,高盐废水采用活性炭吸附、MVR脱盐预处理,低盐废水采用微电解-Fenton氧化预处理,综合废水采用水解酸化-两级A/O工艺处理。工程实践表明,处理后的出水符合GB 8978—1996《污水综合排放标准》表4中三级标准,并达到园区污水厂的接管要求。