Local Immune Regulatory Effects of Bangdeyun on the Endometrium of Mice with Embryo Implantation Dysfunction during the Implantation Time

This study examined the effects of Bangdeyun on the expressions of nuclear factor-kappaB （NF-κB）, interferon-gamma （IFN-y） and interleukin-10 （IL-10） in the endometrium of mice with embryo implantation dysfunction （EID） during the implantation time （namely on pregnancy day 5, 6, 7 and 8） and explored the local immune regulatory effects of Bangdeyun. The gestational mice were randomly divided into normal group, model group and Bangdeyun-treated group. EID models of mice were established by using indomethacin. The endometrial expression of NF-κB was detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. IFN-γ and IL-10 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. The results showed that in the normal group, NF-κB and IFN-γ were weakly expressed and IL-10 was strongly expressed in the endometrium during the whole implantation period. In the model group, the expressions of NF-κB and IFN-T were increased on pregnancy day 5, 6 and 7, and IL-10 expression decreased during the whole implantation time when compared with those in the normal group （P〈0.01 for all）. In the Bangdeyun-treated group, little amount of NF-κB and IFN-γ was expressed and IL-10 expression was strong, much the way they were expressed in the normal group （P〉0.05）. The expressions of NF-κB and IFN-T were much lower in the Bangdeyun-treated group than those in the model group on pregnancy day 5, 6 and 7 （P〈0.01 for all）, while the expression of IL-10 was much higher than in the model group during the whole implantation time （P〈0.01）. It was suggested Bangderun may favor a shift from Thl- to Th2-type immune response, therefore inhibiting the maternal immune rejection, inducing the immune tolerance and improving the fetal implantation.

DS147 Improves Pregnancy in Mice with Embryo Implantation Dysfunction Induced by Controlled Ovarian Stimulation

Summary： The study examined the effect of DS147, the bioactive component of the traditional herbal recipe Bangdeyun, on pregnancy in mice with embryo implantation dysfunction induced by controlled ovarian stimulation （COS）, and the underlying mechanisms. Female mice were superovulated by intrap eritoneal injection of 7.5 IU of pregnant mare serum gonadotropin （PMSG） followed by an additional injection of 7.5 IU hCG 48 h later to establish embryo implantation dysfunction （EID） model. Pregnant mice were randomly divided into normal control group, COS group and DS147-treated groups. The pregnancy rate and the average implantation site were obtained on pregnancy day 8 （PD8）. The side effect of 200 mg/kg of DS147 on naturally pregnant mice was also observed. Further, the uterine and ovarian tissue samples were collected on PD5 for measuring their weights, observing the development of the endometrium and ovary, and detecting the endometrial expression ofMMP-2, TIMP-2, CD34 and angiogenin （ANG）. The female mice treated with DS147 at doses of 100 to 800 mg/kg showed a higher pregnancy rate than those in COS group, and the highest pregnancy rate of 83.3% occurred in the 200 mg/kg DS147-treated group. Moreover, no obvious side effect was found in mice treated with 200 mg/kg DS147 on PD8 and PD16. The ovarian and uterine weights, and the expression levels of MMP-2, ANG and CD34 were significantly increased in DS147-treated groups when compared with COS group. The TIMP-2 expression level was much lower in DS147-treated mice than in COS mice and the ratio of MMP-2/TIMP-2 was much higher in DS147-treated group than in COS group, and even higher than normal control group. In all, these findings suggest that DS147 may improve pregnancy in mice with COS-induced EID by promoting matrix degradation and angiogenesis, and improving the development of corpus luteum and endometrial decidualization around the implantation window.

Penile prosthesis implantation in Chinese patients wit severe erectile dysfunction： 10-year experience

We retrospectively evaluated the clinical outcome of penile prosthesis implantation （PPI） in Chinese patients with severe erectile dysfunction （SED）. From July 2000 to December 2011, 224 patients （mean age： 35.9±11.8 years, range： 20-75 years） with SED underwent PPI by experienced surgeon according to standard PPI procedure at our centre. A malleable prosthesis （AMS 650） was implanted in 45 cases （20.1%）, and a three-piece inflatable prosthesis （AMS 700 CXM or AMS 700 CXR） was implanted in 179 cases （79.9%）. Surgical outcomes, including postoperative complications, clinical efficacy and couple satisfaction, were evaluated over than 6 months postoperatively using medical record abstraction, IIEF-5, quality of life （QoL） scores, and the patient/partner sexual satisfaction score proposed by Bhojwani etaL Of the 224 patients eligible for the study, 201 subjects （89.7%） completed follow-up. All of patients could perform sexual intercourse post PPI with the mean postoperative IIEF-5 and QoL scores were 20.02±2.32 and 5.28±0.76, respectively, which were significantly improved compared with the preoperative scores （6.29±1.5 and 2.13±0.84, P〈0.01）. Of the 201 men, mechanical malfunction occurred in four cases （2.0%） and three cases were re-implanted new device, and two cases （1.0%） developed a mild curvature of the penis. Scrotal erosion with infection occurred in one case with diabetes mellitus （0.5%） and required complete removal of the implanted AMS 700 CXM. Satisfactory sexual intercourse at least twice per month was reported by 178 men （88.6%）, and overall satisfaction with the PPI surgery was reported by 89.0% of men and 82.5% of partners. Patient satisfaction in the three-piece inflatable prosthesis group was higher than in the malleable prosthesis group （P〈0.05）. Satisfaction, however, between the types of prostheses, did not differ in the partner survey. PPI is a safe and effective treatment option for Chinese patients with SED and experienced surgeon perform PPI according to standard PPI procedure could reduce the postoperative complications of PPI and could improve patient satisfaction ratio and QoL.

Effect and Underlying Mechanism of Bu-Shen-An-Tai Recipe on Ovarian Apoptosis in Mice with Controlled Ovarian Hyperstimulation Implantation Dysfunction

The effect and underlying mechanism of Bu-Shen-An-Tai recipe on ovarian apoptosis in mice with controlled ovarian hyperstimulation(COH) implantation dysfunction were studied. The COH implantation dysfunction model in mice was established by intraperitoneal injection of 7.5 IU pregnant mare’s serum gonadotrophin(PMSG), followed by 7.5 IU human chorionic gonadotrophin(HCG) 48 h later. Then the female mice were mated with male at a ratio of 2:1 in the same cage at 6:00 p.m. The female mice from normal group were injected intraperitoneally with normal saline and mated at the corresponding time. Day 1 of pregnancy was recorded by examining its vaginal smears at 8:00 a.m. of the next day. Fifty successfully pregnant mice were equally randomly divided into 5 groups: normal control pregnant group(NC), COH implantation dysfunction model group(COH), low dosage of Bu-Shen-An-Tai recipe group(LOW), middle dosage of Bu-Shen-An-Tai recipe group(MID) and high dosage of Bu-Shen-An-Tai recipe group(HIGH). Then from day 1, the mice in different groups were respectively intragastrically given corresponding treatments at 9:00 a.m. for 5 consecutive days. The concentrations of 17β-estradiol(E) and progesterone(P) were determined by radioimmunoassay(RIA). The ultrastructural changes of ovarian tissues were observed by transmission electron microscope(TEM). The histopathological changes of ovarian tissues were observed by HE staining. The number of atretic follicles and pregnant corpus luteum were also recorded. TUNEL was applied to measure apoptotic cells of ovarian tissues. Western blotting was used to detect the protein expression of apoptosis-related factors like Bax, Bcl-2 and cleaved-caspase-3 in ovarian tissue of mice. The results showed that ovarian weight, the concentrations of Eand P, the number of atretic follicles and pregnant corpus luteum, as well as the apoptosis of granulosa cells were significantly increased in the COH group. The ultrastructures of ovarian tissues in the COH group showed that chromatin in granulosa cells was increased, agglutinated, aggregated or crescent-shaped. The focal cavitation and the typical apoptotic bodies could be seen in granulosa cells in the late stage of apoptosis. After the treatment with different doses of Bu-Shen-An-Tai recipe, the ultrastructural changes of ovarian granulosa cells apoptosis were dramatically improved and even disappeared under TEM. Visible mitochondria and mitochondrial cristae were increased and vacuoles were significantly reduced. The lipid dropltes were shown in a circluar or oval shape. The protein expression levels of Bax and cleaved-caspase-3 were decreased, and the expression of Bcl-2 protein was increased after treatment. It was concluded that Bu-Shen-An-Tai recipe can inhibit the apoptosis of ovarian granulosa cells, probably by up-regulating the protein expression of Bcl-2 and down-regulating Bax and cleaved-caspase-3, which contributes to the formation and maintenance of ovarian corpus luteum. It’s helpful to promote the embryonic implantation, to reduce embryo loss and ultimately to improve the success rate of pregnancy.

Effect of Bushen Yiqi Hexue Recipe (补肾益气和血方) on Pinopodes Expression on Endometrial Surface in Embryo Implantation Dysfunctional Mice

Objective: To explore the therapeutic mechanism of Bushen Yiqi Hexue recipe (补肾益气血方, BYHR), and observe its effect on pinopodes expression on endometrial surface in mifepristone induced embryo implantation dysfunctional mice. Methods: Pregnant Kunming mice were randomly divided into the normal group, the control group and the treated group. Mice in the treated group were administered with BYHR, and those in the normal group and the control group were administered with normal saline, starting from the very first day of pregnancy (Pd1). On the Pd4, mifepristone (RU486) was subcutaneously injected into mice in the control group and the treated group. Pinopodes expression on endometrial surface at 09:30-10:00 pm on Pd4 (regarded as time point 1, T1) and at 09:30-10:00 am on Pd5 (as time point 2, T2) was determined by scanning electron microscopy. Pregnancy rate and average implanted embryos were observed on Pd7. Results: Pregnancy rate and average implanted embryos in the control group were obviously lower than those in the normal group (all P<0.01), while the two parameters were significantly higher in the treated group (P<0.05, P<0.01, respectively) than those in the control group. In the normal group, abundant developing pinopodes were distributed over the whole endometrial surface in T1, and they were altered to a great deal of fully developed pinopodes in T2. But in the control group, only a few pinopodes were expressed locally on endometrial surface in T1, showing a nonsynchronous figure of development, and they completely disappeared in T2. In the treated group, a lot of developing pinopodes were expressed like those in the normal group but somewhat lagged behind, whereas many fully developed pinopodes were expressed in T2. Conclusion: The decrease of the pinopodes in T1 and the cleaning up of them in T2 is possibly the partial mechanism of mifepristone in inducing embryo implantation dysfunction. It is indicated that BYHR could improve pinopodes expression on endometrial surface, eventually better the uterine receptivity and improve the embryo implantation.

Effect of Bushenantai Recipe on the Expression of Endometrial LIF in Mice with Embryonic Implantation Dysfunction

In order to observe the effect of Bushenantai recipe on the expression of endometrial leukemia-inhibitory factor （LIF） in mice with embryonic implantation dysfunction （EID）, 120 Kunming mice post coition were randomized into three groups： normal control group, model group and traditional Chinese medicine group （TCM group） （n=40 in each group）. Uterus was collected on the pregnancy day （Pd） 4, 5, 6 after an intravenous injection of Evan＇s blue. The endometrium was dyed by Evan＇s blue and the mean points of response were observed on Pd 5. The expression of LIF mRNA and protein was detected by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry respectively and analyzed statistically by image system. The results showed that the number of implantation sites in model group was remarkably less than in normal control group and TCM group. There was no significant difference between normal control group and TCM group. The expression of LIF mRNA and protein in model group was delayed. Bushenantai recipe could increase the expression of LIF mRNA and protein in endometria of mice with EID. It was suggested that Bushenantai recipe could improve embryo implantation of mice with EID by promoting the endometrial LIF expression and endometrial decidualization.

Outcome of implanting penile prosthesis for treating erectile dysfunction： experience with 42 cases

Aim： To report a short-time result of three-piece inflatable penile prosthesis （IPP） implantation on treating patients with organic erectile dysfunction （ED）. Methods： Three-piece IPPs were implanted in 42 Chinese patients with ED refractory to systemic treatment between May 2002 and May 2004. The etiologies of ED were neurogenic （28 with paraplegia and seven with traumatic nervi-erigentes injury）, congenital venous leakage （5 cases）, fibrosis of corpus cavernosum （lcase） and Klinefelter＇s syndrome （1 case）. The follow-up period ranged from 24 to 57 months. Results： Implantation procedures were successfully performed upon all 42 patients. The length of implanted prosthesis was from 13 cm to 18 cm, and the diameter was 1 cm. The implanted prosthesis was made by the Medical Instrumentation Company of Muping （Muping, Shandong, China）. Localized infection occurred in only one patient and mechanical complications occurred in five patients. Coitus could be performed in 41 cases （97.6%）. Three patients with congenital venous leakage made their spouses pregnant after implantation. Conclusion： Implantation of three-piece IPP is an effective and safe modality for treating patients with ED. It can be well accepted by Chinese patients because of its efficacy.

The effects of comprehensive nursing interventions on sexual functions in young and middle-aged patients with coronary stent implantation

Objective: To study the effects of comprehensive nursing interventions on sexual functions in young and middle-aged patients with coronary stent implantation. Methods: 96 cases of coronary stent implantation were randomly divided into control group and intervention group (experimental group) with each group of 48 cases. The control group received the routine nursing measures after the coronary stent implantation and the experimental group was treated by the comprehensive nursing interventions such as psychological nursing, education of sexual knowledge, playing the full enthusiasm of spouse and appropriate exercise therapy on basis of the routine nursing measures. The two groups were given the questionnaire of brief male sexual function questionnaire (BSFI), Chinese patients with premature ejaculation sexual function score (C-ISFPE) and the international index of erectile function (IIEF-5). The scores of BSFI, C-ISFPE and IIEF-5 were compared between the two groups. Results: There were 29 cases who were satisfied with sexual life on the whole (≤1), 26 cases with different degrees of premature ejaculation symptoms and 21 cases with erectile dysfunctions, which were respectively 27.08%, 30.2% and 21.87% of the total number. The scores of BSFI, C-ISFPE and IIEF-5 inthe experimental group were significantly increased after the interventions (P P IIEF-5 scores in the two groups were significantly different

Percutaneous pulmonary and tricuspid valve implantations: An update

The field of percutaneous valvular interventions is one of the most exciting and rapidly developing within interventional cardiology.Percutaneous procedures focusing on aortic and mitral valve replacement or interventional treatment as well as techniques of percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation have already reached worldwide clinical acceptance and routine interventional procedure status.Although techniquesof percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation have been described just a decade ago,two stent-mounted complementary devices were successfully introduced and more than 3000 of these procedures have been performed worldwide.In contrast,percutaneous treatment of tricuspid valve dysfunction is still evolving on a much earlier level and has so far not reached routine interventional procedure status.Taking into account that an "interdisciplinary challenging",heterogeneous population of patients previously treated by corrective,semi-corrective or palliative surgical procedures is growing inexorably,there is a rapidly increasing need of treatment options besides redo-surgery.Therefore,the review intends to reflect on clinical expansion of percutaneous pulmonary and tricuspid valve procedures,to update on current devices,to discuss indications and patient selection criteria,to report on clinical results and finally to consider future directions.

Infrapubic versus Penoscrotal Approaches for Implantation of Semi-Rigid Penile Prosthesis

Background: Modification of surgical techniques to minimize wound infections in penile implant surgery using malleable prosthesis which is easy to use, of very low risk of mechanical failure and is financially suitable to improve outcome and ensures less complications. The aim of the study is to compare infrapubic approach and Penoscrotal approach in penile semi-rigid prosthesis implantation surgery. Patients and methods: Fifty patients were randomly divided into two groups and each group underwent one approach. Results: No statically significant differences were found between both groups in terms of operative time. Corporeal cross over was the most common intraoperative complications, 3 cases in IP approach and 6 cases in PS but not statistically significant. Peyronie’s disease patients underwent penile implant through infrapubic approach in 3 cases and PS in 4 cases with one recorded complication of keloid formations with IP. Urethral false passage reported only in one case with PS approach without affecting the procedure. Only minor complications including superficial wound infection which was significantly more with PS, 6/25 (24%) and IP 1/25 (4%), p value = 0.041. Penile and scrotal edema was common with IP approach (92%) in comparison with PS approach (60%). The urethral catheter can be abandoned with IP to avoid the risk of catheterizations. No significant relation between diabetes and infections and no erosions were encountered. Conclusion: Through this research work, infrapubic approach is better than Penoscrotal approach even if it is not commonly used by surgeon.

Effects of Acupuncture on Progesterone and Prolactin in Rats of Embryo Implantation Dysfunction

Objective： To investigate the effect of acupuncture on progesterone （P4） and prolactin （PRL） in rats of embryo implantation dysfunction （EID）. Methods： On the first day of pregnancy, 72 female Wistar rats were randomly allocated into the normal group, the EID model group, the acupuncture group and the P4 group （18 in each group）. The normal group was injected sesame oil, while the other three groups were given mifepristone to establish the EID model. The acupuncture group and the P4 group were given treatment of acupuncture and P4 injection, respectively. The serum of P4 and PRL were detected by radioimmunoassay, and the mRNA and protein expressions of P4 receptor （PR） and PRL receptor （PRLR） were detected using real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemical method, respectively. Results： Compared with the normal group, the serum levels of P4 and PRL as well as the mRNA and protein expression levels of PR and PRLR in the EID model group were significantly lowered （P〈0.01 or P〈0.05）. The above indices in the acupuncture group and the P4 group were significantly elevated compared with the EID model group （P〈0.01 or P〈0.05）. Conclusion： Acupuncture can promote embryo implantation effectively, which might be related to the effects of acupuncture on upregulating the P4 and PRL levels in serum and the PR and PRLR expression levels in rats.

Effects of Bushenyiqihexue Formula on the Endometrial Gland Apoptosis in Mice with Blastocyst Implantation Dysfunction

Objective: To observe the effects of Bushenyiqihexue Formula (补肾益气和血方 Formula for Tonifying the Kidney, Replenishing qi and Harmonizing Blood, FTKRQHB) on the endometrial gland apoptosis in the mice with blastocyst implantation dysfunction. Methods: The mice with the first-day pregnancy were divided into the control, model and treatment groups, with 30 in each group, and blastocyst implantation dysfunction was induced by subcutaneous injection of mifepristone in the mice of the model and treatment groups. The pregnancy rate and implantation number of blastocysts were measured and the expressions of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), Bax, Bcl-2, and activated caspase-3 were detected in all the three groups. Results: The model group had significantly depressed pregnancy rate, implantation number of blastocysts and apoptosis index, and elevated proliferation index of endometrial gland as compared with the control group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Administration of FTKRQHB (the treatment group) resulted in significant increases in pregnancy rate, implantation number of blastocysts and apoptosis index of the endometrial gland, and a significant decrease in the proliferation index of the endometrial gland as compared with the model group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The differences in the four indexes between the treatment group and control group were not significant statistically. The Bax and activated caspase-3 expressions in endometrial gland in the model group became significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.01), whereas those in the treatment group were significant higher than that of the model group (P<0.01). However, the Bax and activated caspase-3 expressions in endometrial gland were similar in both treatment and control groups. Conclusion: Promoting the increases in Bax and activated caspase-3 expressions in the endometrial gland and bringing into balance between apoptosis and proliferation of the glandular cells at the implantation window phase by FTKRQHB may contribute to the effects of promoting the establishment of endometrial receptivity and improving blastocyst implantation dysfunction.

阴茎假体治疗男性勃起功能障碍的研究进展

阴茎假体植入术是难治性勃起功能障碍最有效的手术治疗方法之一。经过几十年的发展,阴茎假体的机械可靠性、患者满意度、安全性和功能性勃起修复都有了很大的提高。本文就近几十年来阴茎假体的发展情况与假体术后感染的管理作一综述。

调经促孕方对胚胎着床障碍性不孕症小鼠子宫内膜容受性及AREG/EGFR/HIF-1α信号通路的影响

目的观察调经促孕方对胚胎着床障碍(EID)性不孕症小鼠子宫内膜容受性及AREG/EGFR/HIF-1α信号通路的影响,探讨其改善子宫内膜容受性的可能机制。方法80只昆明小鼠于妊娠第1日随机分为正常组、模型组、黄体酮组和调经促孕方组,每组20只,黄体酮组和调经促孕方组分别予相应药物灌胃。妊娠第4日,除正常组外,其余各组小鼠皮下注射米非司酮溶液(2.3 mg/kg)建立EID性不孕症模型,正常组皮下注射等体积丙二醇。妊娠第5日,每组随机取10只小鼠,剖腹取子宫,HE染色、Masson染色观察子宫内膜组织形态,扫描电镜观察子宫内膜胞饮突形态及数量,ELISA检测子宫内膜组织双调蛋白(AREG)含量,Western blot和免疫荧光检测子宫内膜组织表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)、p-EGFR、缺氧诱导因子(HIF)-1α表达。其余小鼠灌胃至妊娠第8日取材,记录平均胚胎着床点数。结果与正常组比较,模型组小鼠平均胚胎着床点数显著减少(P<0.01),子宫内膜腺体发育不良,胶原纤维增加,血管及胞饮突数量减少,子宫内膜组织AREG含量显著降低(P<0.01),p-EGFR、HIF-1α蛋白表达显著降低(P<0.05);与模型组比较,调经促孕方组小鼠平均胚胎着床点数显著增加(P<0.05),子宫内膜胶原纤维增生减少,间质内腺体、血管及胞饮突数量均明显增加,胞饮突发育饱满、均匀,子宫内膜组织AREG含量显著升高(P<0.01),p-EGFR、HIF-1α蛋白表达显著升高(P<0.05,P<0.01),免疫荧光检测结果与Western blot一致。结论调经促孕方能促进子宫内膜腺体和血管发育,增加胞饮突数量,改善EID性不孕症小鼠子宫内膜容受性,利于胚胎黏附及植入,从而提高妊娠率,其机制可能与激活AREG/EGFR/HIF-1α信号通路,改善子宫内膜血流灌注,恢复子宫内膜相对缺氧环境有关。

米非司酮混悬液灌胃制备小鼠不完全型胚胎着床障碍模型的适宜剂量选择

目的选择米非司酮混悬液制备小鼠不完全型胚胎着床障碍(EID)模型的适宜剂量。方法将32只昆明雌性小鼠随机分为4组,每组8只,低剂量组、中剂量组、高剂量组于妊娠第4天分别灌胃给予0.12、0.14、0.16 mL米非司酮混悬液(1 mg/mL)制备不完全型EID模型,对照组给予适量生理盐水,于妊娠第8天处死小鼠,采用ELLSA法检测血清雌二醇(E_(2))、孕酮(P),肉眼观察子宫形态,计算妊娠率及胚胎着床数,HE染色观察子宫内膜组织,免疫组化法检测子宫内膜组织孕激素受体(PR)。结果各组血清E_(2)、P水平比较,P均>0.05。对照组全部妊娠,双侧子宫均匀增大,子宫血供丰富,胚胎着床点分布紧密且无出血点,胚胎发育良好;低剂量组全部妊娠,双侧子宫外观形态及胚胎发育无异常,子宫血供较对照组差;中剂量组全部妊娠,两侧子宫胚胎着床点分布不规则,部分胚胎着床处有积血,胚胎体积小,未着床处的子宫较细,颜色苍白,血供不佳;高剂量组仅有1只妊娠,双侧子宫形态规则,颜色苍白,血供较差,双侧子宫弹性差。高剂量组妊娠率低于其他3组,P均<0.05。与低剂量组、对照组比较,中剂量组、高剂量组胚胎着床数少(P均<0.05);与中剂量组,高剂量组胚胎着床数少(P<0.05)。对照组子宫内膜间质广泛蜕膜化反应,腺体数量多,腺腔面积大,腺腔内含有分泌物,小血管增生;低剂量组子宫内膜间质蜕膜明显,腺体数量多;中剂量组子宫内膜有蜕膜化改变,间质较致密,腺体较少而小,血管扩张不明显;高剂量组子宫内膜间质区蜕膜化不完全,腺体小而少,分泌不足,内膜间质致密,仍呈增生期样改变,发育明显滞后。与对照组和低剂量组比较,中剂量组、高剂量组PR AOD减少(P均<0.05);与中剂量组比较,高剂量组PR AOD减少(P<0.05)。结论米非司酮制备小鼠不完全型EID模型稳定可靠,适宜剂量为0.16 mL/只(1 mg/mL)。

阴茎假体植入术后并发症的研究进展

男性勃起功能障碍是男性常见的疾病,无论病因如何,阴茎假体植入术都是药物难治性ED的推荐手术治疗方法。随着阴茎假体植入术在国内的开展,必须认识到,手术并发症会对患者的生活质量和满意度产生影响。本文就阴茎假体植入术后并发症及其相关研究进行综述,以为医生深入理解和处理相关并发症提供参考。

导管闲置期肿瘤病人输液港功能障碍的危险因素

目的:了解导管闲置期肿瘤病人完全植入式输液港功能障碍的风险因素,为相关护理干预提供理论依据。方法:选取2020年11月—2022年11月就诊于我院静脉治疗护理门诊携带输液港的导管闲置期肿瘤病人为研究对象,分析导管功能障碍的危险因素。结果:共纳入660例导管闲置期肿瘤病人,行输液港维护观察3 756例次。660例病人中104例(15.76%)在带管过程中出现功能障碍;发生输液港功能障碍562例次(14.96%)。多因素分析结果显示,体质指数、导管尖端位置、血栓史是输液港功能障碍的独立风险因素(均P<0.01)。结论:导管闲置期肿瘤病人输液港功能状态与体质指数、导管尖端位置、血栓史密切相关,在维护过程中需对有功能障碍危险因素的病人加强关注和宣教。

起搏器植入患者应用24h动态心电图检查的临床意义

目的探讨起搏器植入患者应用24 h动态心电图检查的临床意义。方法选取行起搏器植入的65例患者作为研究对象,均进行常规12导联心电图及24 h动态心电图检查。对比两种检查方法对起搏器功能障碍[起搏异常、感知异常(心房感知缺失、心房过感知、心室感知缺失、心室过感知)]、起搏器特殊功能(起搏模式转换、频率应答、频率滞后、动态阈值监测、心室起搏管理)、自身心律失常(房性心动过速、阵发性心房颤动、房性早搏、室性早搏)和起搏器介导性心律失常(房室阻滞、起搏性心动过速、频率奔放、心室逸搏)的检出率。结果24 h动态心电图检查对起搏器起搏功能及感知功能障碍和起搏模式转换、频率应答等特殊功能的检出率均明显高于常规心电图(P<0.05),对自身心律失常及起搏器介导性心律失常的检出率也明显高于常规心电图(P<0.05)。结论24 h动态心电图检查可有效检测起搏器植入患者起搏器工作状态,灵敏判断起搏器功能异常及心律失常等心血管事件。

小鼠胚泡着床障碍模型的建立

目的 建立小鼠胚泡着床障碍动物模型。方法 ①将成年雌性昆明小鼠交配后随机分为对照组和实验组 ,于妊娠d 4实验组于皮下注射不同浓度的米非司酮 ,于妊娠d 8观察小鼠胚泡着床率及平均着床胚泡数 ,筛选最佳造模剂量。②选用 0 0 8mg·只 -1米非司酮造模 ,采用放免法检测对照组和模型组的血清及子宫组织雌二醇、孕酮的含量 ,利用光镜和电镜观察子宫内膜及卵巢的形态结构。结果 ①当米非司酮的剂量达 0 0 8mg·只 -1以上时 ,着床率和平均着床胚泡数均降低。②与对照组相比 ,模型组子宫内膜的发育明显受抑制 ,而血清及子宫组织的雌二醇和孕酮的含量、卵巢的形态结构均无改变。结论 于妊娠d 4皮下注射米非司酮 0 0 8mg·只 -1,可复制机制明确。

对两种胚泡着床障碍小鼠模型围着床期子宫内膜形态结构的比较研究

目的比较研究米非司酮、吲哚美辛诱导的两种胚泡着床障碍小鼠模型围着床期子宫内膜形态结构。方法将成年♀昆明小鼠交配后随机分为对照组、米非司酮组和吲哚美辛组,于妊娠d8观察小鼠胚泡着床率及平均着床胚泡数,利用光镜和电镜观察子宫内膜的形态结构。结果与对照组相比,米非司酮组和吲哚美辛组其着床率和平均着床胚泡数均降低;米非司酮模型小鼠子宫内膜的发育明显受抑制,吲哚美辛模型小鼠子宫内膜的血管形成受阻。结论米非司酮和吲哚美辛通过对围着床期子宫内膜形态结构不同的影响而复制小鼠胚泡着床障碍模型。