How Escherichia coli bacteria develop a particular colonial, 3-D biofilm morphological pattern is still a poorly understood process. Recently, we reported a new E. coli K-12 morphotype exhibited by old macrocolonies d...How Escherichia coli bacteria develop a particular colonial, 3-D biofilm morphological pattern is still a poorly understood process. Recently, we reported a new E. coli K-12 morphotype exhibited by old macrocolonies described as volcano-like. The formative developmental process of this morphotype has been presented as a suitable experimental model for the study of 3D patterning in macrocolony biofilms. Here, we report the optical microscopy observations and genetic analysis that have unveiled the existence of a novel autoaggregative behaviour which generates massive lumpiness over the surface of the volcano-like macrocolonies. These lumpy formations are generated by the autoaggregation and strong interaction of tightly packed bacterial cells in structures with a chondrule-like appearance which give the colony’s surface its characteristic microscopic lumpy phenotype. Furthermore, they exhibit different levels of maturation from the edge to the center of the colony. Hence, its generation appears to follow a spatiotemporal program of development during the macrocolony’s morphogenesis. Interestingly, the agar’s hardness influences the morphology exhibited by these formations, with high agar concentration (1.5%, 15 g/L) suppressing its development. This new auto-aggregative E. coli’s behaviour does not require the activity of the biofilm master regulator CsgD, the adhesiveness of flagella, pili type 1, adhesin Ag43, β-1,6-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine polymer-PGA, cellulose or colanic acid, but it is under glucose repression and the control of cAMP receptor protein (CRP). The possible physiological role of these chondrule-like formations in the adaptability of the colony to different stressful environmental conditions is discussed.展开更多
目的用传代人淋巴细胞替代人T淋巴细胞进行猪的免疫,用于试制抗人T细胞猪免疫球蛋白(anti-human T lymphocyte porcine immunoglobulin,P-ATG)免疫猪血浆,并评价其免疫效果。方法大量培养传代人淋巴细胞至免疫所需浓度及数量,采用常规...目的用传代人淋巴细胞替代人T淋巴细胞进行猪的免疫,用于试制抗人T细胞猪免疫球蛋白(anti-human T lymphocyte porcine immunoglobulin,P-ATG)免疫猪血浆,并评价其免疫效果。方法大量培养传代人淋巴细胞至免疫所需浓度及数量,采用常规猪免疫程序进行2次基础免疫及1次加强免疫,获得免疫猪血浆,用E玫瑰花环形成抑制试验和淋巴细胞毒试验进行效价检测。结果3批免疫猪血浆的E玫瑰花环形成抑制试验结果均达到1∶1000(花环形成率均小于对照组平均花环形成率的75%),淋巴细胞毒试验结果均达到1∶500(淋巴细胞死亡率均大于20%),效价均达到《中华人民共和国药典》2015版(三部)中生产用免疫猪血浆的效价标准。结论传代人淋巴细胞可作为人T淋巴细胞的替代免疫原进行猪的免疫,获得了效价合格的免疫猪血浆,用于P-ATG的制备。展开更多
文摘How Escherichia coli bacteria develop a particular colonial, 3-D biofilm morphological pattern is still a poorly understood process. Recently, we reported a new E. coli K-12 morphotype exhibited by old macrocolonies described as volcano-like. The formative developmental process of this morphotype has been presented as a suitable experimental model for the study of 3D patterning in macrocolony biofilms. Here, we report the optical microscopy observations and genetic analysis that have unveiled the existence of a novel autoaggregative behaviour which generates massive lumpiness over the surface of the volcano-like macrocolonies. These lumpy formations are generated by the autoaggregation and strong interaction of tightly packed bacterial cells in structures with a chondrule-like appearance which give the colony’s surface its characteristic microscopic lumpy phenotype. Furthermore, they exhibit different levels of maturation from the edge to the center of the colony. Hence, its generation appears to follow a spatiotemporal program of development during the macrocolony’s morphogenesis. Interestingly, the agar’s hardness influences the morphology exhibited by these formations, with high agar concentration (1.5%, 15 g/L) suppressing its development. This new auto-aggregative E. coli’s behaviour does not require the activity of the biofilm master regulator CsgD, the adhesiveness of flagella, pili type 1, adhesin Ag43, β-1,6-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine polymer-PGA, cellulose or colanic acid, but it is under glucose repression and the control of cAMP receptor protein (CRP). The possible physiological role of these chondrule-like formations in the adaptability of the colony to different stressful environmental conditions is discussed.
文摘目的用传代人淋巴细胞替代人T淋巴细胞进行猪的免疫,用于试制抗人T细胞猪免疫球蛋白(anti-human T lymphocyte porcine immunoglobulin,P-ATG)免疫猪血浆,并评价其免疫效果。方法大量培养传代人淋巴细胞至免疫所需浓度及数量,采用常规猪免疫程序进行2次基础免疫及1次加强免疫,获得免疫猪血浆,用E玫瑰花环形成抑制试验和淋巴细胞毒试验进行效价检测。结果3批免疫猪血浆的E玫瑰花环形成抑制试验结果均达到1∶1000(花环形成率均小于对照组平均花环形成率的75%),淋巴细胞毒试验结果均达到1∶500(淋巴细胞死亡率均大于20%),效价均达到《中华人民共和国药典》2015版(三部)中生产用免疫猪血浆的效价标准。结论传代人淋巴细胞可作为人T淋巴细胞的替代免疫原进行猪的免疫,获得了效价合格的免疫猪血浆,用于P-ATG的制备。
