Space metallurgy is an interdisciplinary field that combines planetary space science and metallurgical engineering.It involves systematic and theoretical engineering technology for utilizing planetary resources in sit...Space metallurgy is an interdisciplinary field that combines planetary space science and metallurgical engineering.It involves systematic and theoretical engineering technology for utilizing planetary resources in situ.However,space metallurgy on the Moon is challenging because the lunar surface has experienced space weathering due to the lack of atmosphere and magnetic field,making the mi-crostructure of lunar soil differ from that of minerals on the Earth.In this study,scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy analyses were performed on Chang’e-5 powder lunar soil samples.The microstructural characteristics of the lunar soil may drastically change its metallurgical performance.The main special structure of lunar soil minerals include the nanophase iron formed by the impact of micrometeorites,the amorphous layer caused by solar wind injection,and radiation tracks modified by high-energy particle rays inside mineral crystals.The nanophase iron presents a wide distribution,which may have a great impact on the electromagnetic prop-erties of lunar soil.Hydrogen ions injected by solar wind may promote the hydrogen reduction process.The widely distributed amorph-ous layer and impact glass can promote the melting and diffusion process of lunar soil.Therefore,although high-energy events on the lun-ar surface transform the lunar soil,they also increase the chemical activity of the lunar soil.This is a property that earth samples and tradi-tional simulated lunar soil lack.The application of space metallurgy requires comprehensive consideration of the unique physical and chemical properties of lunar soil.展开更多
The Yutu-2 rover onboard the Chang’E-4 mission performed the first lunar penetrating radar detection on the farside of the Moon.The high-frequency channel presented us with many unprecedented details of the subsurfac...The Yutu-2 rover onboard the Chang’E-4 mission performed the first lunar penetrating radar detection on the farside of the Moon.The high-frequency channel presented us with many unprecedented details of the subsurface structures within a depth of approximately 50 m.However,it was still difficult to identify finer layers from the cluttered reflections and scattering waves.We applied deconvolution to improve the vertical resolution of the radar profile by extending the limited bandwidth associated with the emissive radar pulse.To overcome the challenges arising from the mixed-phase wavelets and the problematic amplification of noise,we performed predictive deconvolution to remove the minimum-phase components from the Chang’E-4 dataset,followed by a comprehensive phase rotation to rectify phase anomalies in the radar image.Subsequently,we implemented irreversible migration filtering to mitigate the noise and diminutive clutter echoes amplified by deconvolution.The processed data showed evident enhancement of the vertical resolution with a widened bandwidth in the frequency domain and better signal clarity in the time domain,providing us with more undisputed details of subsurface structures near the Chang’E-4 landing site.展开更多
基金CNSA for providing access to the lunar sample CE5C0200YJFM00302funding support from the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. XDB 41000000)+5 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 42273042 and 41931077)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. 2020395)Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nos. ZDBS-SSW-JSC00710 and QYZDY-SSW-DQC028)the Young and Middleaged Academic Technology Leader Reserve Talent Project of Yunnan Province (No. 2018HB009)the Science Fund for Outstanding Youth of Yunnan Province (No. 202101 AV070007)the "From 0 to 1" Original Exploration Cultivation Project, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. DHSZZ2023-3)
文摘Space metallurgy is an interdisciplinary field that combines planetary space science and metallurgical engineering.It involves systematic and theoretical engineering technology for utilizing planetary resources in situ.However,space metallurgy on the Moon is challenging because the lunar surface has experienced space weathering due to the lack of atmosphere and magnetic field,making the mi-crostructure of lunar soil differ from that of minerals on the Earth.In this study,scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy analyses were performed on Chang’e-5 powder lunar soil samples.The microstructural characteristics of the lunar soil may drastically change its metallurgical performance.The main special structure of lunar soil minerals include the nanophase iron formed by the impact of micrometeorites,the amorphous layer caused by solar wind injection,and radiation tracks modified by high-energy particle rays inside mineral crystals.The nanophase iron presents a wide distribution,which may have a great impact on the electromagnetic prop-erties of lunar soil.Hydrogen ions injected by solar wind may promote the hydrogen reduction process.The widely distributed amorph-ous layer and impact glass can promote the melting and diffusion process of lunar soil.Therefore,although high-energy events on the lun-ar surface transform the lunar soil,they also increase the chemical activity of the lunar soil.This is a property that earth samples and tradi-tional simulated lunar soil lack.The application of space metallurgy requires comprehensive consideration of the unique physical and chemical properties of lunar soil.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42325406 and 42304187)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2023M733476)+3 种基金the CAS Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research(Grant No.YSBR082)the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2022YFF0503203)the Key Research Program of the Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of Sciences(Grant Nos.IGGCAS-202101 and IGGCAS-202401).
文摘The Yutu-2 rover onboard the Chang’E-4 mission performed the first lunar penetrating radar detection on the farside of the Moon.The high-frequency channel presented us with many unprecedented details of the subsurface structures within a depth of approximately 50 m.However,it was still difficult to identify finer layers from the cluttered reflections and scattering waves.We applied deconvolution to improve the vertical resolution of the radar profile by extending the limited bandwidth associated with the emissive radar pulse.To overcome the challenges arising from the mixed-phase wavelets and the problematic amplification of noise,we performed predictive deconvolution to remove the minimum-phase components from the Chang’E-4 dataset,followed by a comprehensive phase rotation to rectify phase anomalies in the radar image.Subsequently,we implemented irreversible migration filtering to mitigate the noise and diminutive clutter echoes amplified by deconvolution.The processed data showed evident enhancement of the vertical resolution with a widened bandwidth in the frequency domain and better signal clarity in the time domain,providing us with more undisputed details of subsurface structures near the Chang’E-4 landing site.
