Volatile organic compounds(VOCs)play key roles in plant–plant communication,especially in response to pest attack.E-2-hexenal is an important component of VOCs,but it is unclear whether it can induce endog-enous plan...Volatile organic compounds(VOCs)play key roles in plant–plant communication,especially in response to pest attack.E-2-hexenal is an important component of VOCs,but it is unclear whether it can induce endog-enous plant resistance to insects.Here,we show that E-2-hexenal activates early signaling events in Ara-bidopsis(Arabidopsis thaliana)mesophyll cells,including an H2O2 burst at the plasma membrane,the directedflow of calcium ions,and an increase in cytosolic calcium concentration.Treatment of wild-type Arabidopsis plants with E-2-hexenal increases their resistance when challenged with the diamond-back moth Plutella xylostella L.,and this phenomenon is largely lost in the wrky46 mutant.Mechanistically,E-2-hexenal induces the expression of WRKY46 and MYC2,and the physical interaction of their encoded proteins was verified by yeast two-hybrid,firefly luciferase complementation imaging,and in vitro pull-down assays.The WRKY46–MYC2 complex directly binds to the promoter of RBOHD to promote its expres-sion,as demonstrated by luciferase reporter,yeast one-hybrid,chromatin immunoprecipitation,and electrophoretic mobility shift assays.This module also positively regulates the expression of E-2-hexenal-induced naringenin biosynthesis genes(TT4 and CHIL)and the accumulation of totalflavonoids,thereby modulating plant tolerance to insects.Together,our results highlight an important role for the WRKY46–MYC2 module in the E-2-hexenal-induced defense response of Arabidopsis,providing new in-sights into the mechanisms by which VOCs trigger plant defense responses.展开更多
Glycidol is a common lipid-derived foodborne toxicant mainly presents in refined oils and related foodstuffs.Vascular endothelial cells may be potential targets of the deleterious effects associated with glycidol expo...Glycidol is a common lipid-derived foodborne toxicant mainly presents in refined oils and related foodstuffs.Vascular endothelial cells may be potential targets of the deleterious effects associated with glycidol exposure.In human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs),we found that glycidol treatment promoted endothelialto-mesenchymal transition(EndMT)at a lower concentration(0.5 mmol/L),while induced apoptosis and inflammation at a higher concentration(1 mmol/L).These harmful effects were achieved by the activation of NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathway and were mediated by reactive oxygen species(ROS).In addition,the protective potential of 6-C-(E-2-fluorostyryl)naringenin(6-CEFN)against glycidol was evaluated and compared with naringenin.HUVECs pre-treated with 6-CEFN,but not naringenin,displayed resistance to endothelial dysfunction caused by glycidol.展开更多
Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)have been widely used in regenerative medicine and clinical therapy due to their capabilities of proliferation,differentiation,and immune regulation.However,during in vitro expansion,MSCs a...Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)have been widely used in regenerative medicine and clinical therapy due to their capabilities of proliferation,differentiation,and immune regulation.However,during in vitro expansion,MSCs are prone to aging,which largely limits their application.Prostaglandin E-2(PGE-2)is a key effector secreted by MSCs to exert immunomodulatory effects.By screening the compound library for PGE-2 secretion,the antioxidant trolox was verified as a stimulator of MSCs to secrete PGE-2.The effect of antioxidant trolox on biological characteristics of MSCS,including aging,proliferation,and gene expression,was examined.The results demonstrated that trolox can resist aging,promote proliferation,and enhance PGE-2 secretion of MSCs without affecting their surface marker expression.Furthermore,trolox treatment up-regulates miR-17-92 clusters in MSCs and may contribute to its anti-aging effects.Thus,trolox addition might be beneficial for MSCs expansion and their application.展开更多
It is demonstrated that (3Z)-nonenal (NON) and (3Z)-hexenal (HEX) are oxidized in a cascade by lipoxygenase (LOX) and hydroperoxide peroxygenase (HP peroxygenase) into (2E)-4-hydroxy-2- nonenal (HNE) and (2E)-4-hydrox...It is demonstrated that (3Z)-nonenal (NON) and (3Z)-hexenal (HEX) are oxidized in a cascade by lipoxygenase (LOX) and hydroperoxide peroxygenase (HP peroxygenase) into (2E)-4-hydroxy-2- nonenal (HNE) and (2E)-4-hydroxy-2-hexenal (HHE), respectively. In turn, HNE inactivates LOX terminating the cascade. The hydroxy-alkenals produced serve to inhibit plant pathogens, which initiated the cascade. In addition to LOX, other unknown oxygenases may be involved in the cascade.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31270655).
文摘Volatile organic compounds(VOCs)play key roles in plant–plant communication,especially in response to pest attack.E-2-hexenal is an important component of VOCs,but it is unclear whether it can induce endog-enous plant resistance to insects.Here,we show that E-2-hexenal activates early signaling events in Ara-bidopsis(Arabidopsis thaliana)mesophyll cells,including an H2O2 burst at the plasma membrane,the directedflow of calcium ions,and an increase in cytosolic calcium concentration.Treatment of wild-type Arabidopsis plants with E-2-hexenal increases their resistance when challenged with the diamond-back moth Plutella xylostella L.,and this phenomenon is largely lost in the wrky46 mutant.Mechanistically,E-2-hexenal induces the expression of WRKY46 and MYC2,and the physical interaction of their encoded proteins was verified by yeast two-hybrid,firefly luciferase complementation imaging,and in vitro pull-down assays.The WRKY46–MYC2 complex directly binds to the promoter of RBOHD to promote its expres-sion,as demonstrated by luciferase reporter,yeast one-hybrid,chromatin immunoprecipitation,and electrophoretic mobility shift assays.This module also positively regulates the expression of E-2-hexenal-induced naringenin biosynthesis genes(TT4 and CHIL)and the accumulation of totalflavonoids,thereby modulating plant tolerance to insects.Together,our results highlight an important role for the WRKY46–MYC2 module in the E-2-hexenal-induced defense response of Arabidopsis,providing new in-sights into the mechanisms by which VOCs trigger plant defense responses.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFD2100103)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32101935).
文摘Glycidol is a common lipid-derived foodborne toxicant mainly presents in refined oils and related foodstuffs.Vascular endothelial cells may be potential targets of the deleterious effects associated with glycidol exposure.In human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs),we found that glycidol treatment promoted endothelialto-mesenchymal transition(EndMT)at a lower concentration(0.5 mmol/L),while induced apoptosis and inflammation at a higher concentration(1 mmol/L).These harmful effects were achieved by the activation of NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathway and were mediated by reactive oxygen species(ROS).In addition,the protective potential of 6-C-(E-2-fluorostyryl)naringenin(6-CEFN)against glycidol was evaluated and compared with naringenin.HUVECs pre-treated with 6-CEFN,but not naringenin,displayed resistance to endothelial dysfunction caused by glycidol.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2020MH327)Hebei Key Research and Development Program(19272405D)Jilin Scientific and Technological Development Program(Grant No.20190304041YY).
文摘Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)have been widely used in regenerative medicine and clinical therapy due to their capabilities of proliferation,differentiation,and immune regulation.However,during in vitro expansion,MSCs are prone to aging,which largely limits their application.Prostaglandin E-2(PGE-2)is a key effector secreted by MSCs to exert immunomodulatory effects.By screening the compound library for PGE-2 secretion,the antioxidant trolox was verified as a stimulator of MSCs to secrete PGE-2.The effect of antioxidant trolox on biological characteristics of MSCS,including aging,proliferation,and gene expression,was examined.The results demonstrated that trolox can resist aging,promote proliferation,and enhance PGE-2 secretion of MSCs without affecting their surface marker expression.Furthermore,trolox treatment up-regulates miR-17-92 clusters in MSCs and may contribute to its anti-aging effects.Thus,trolox addition might be beneficial for MSCs expansion and their application.
文摘It is demonstrated that (3Z)-nonenal (NON) and (3Z)-hexenal (HEX) are oxidized in a cascade by lipoxygenase (LOX) and hydroperoxide peroxygenase (HP peroxygenase) into (2E)-4-hydroxy-2- nonenal (HNE) and (2E)-4-hydroxy-2-hexenal (HHE), respectively. In turn, HNE inactivates LOX terminating the cascade. The hydroxy-alkenals produced serve to inhibit plant pathogens, which initiated the cascade. In addition to LOX, other unknown oxygenases may be involved in the cascade.
