Design of Three-Element Circular Polarization Antenna Array Based on Sequentially Rotated Feed Technique

Circularly polarized antennas are used in communications between ground stations and satellites to achieve reliable communication links.The right-hand circular polarization and left-hand circular polarization are two types of circular polarization in satellite communications,they are used to support uplink and downlink communications.Circularly polarized antennas are used also in radar system for target detection,tracking and identification.The“three-element circularly polarized microstrip array antenna”is designed to produce left-handed circular polarization,make its size compact,make its bandwidth wider than 3.7-4.2GHz and achieve high gain.Circular polarization element antenna and three-element circularly polarized microstrip array antenna are designed and simulated in software HFSS,and the circular polarization element antenna is manufactured and tested in anechoic chamber.For circular polarization element antenna and three-element circularly polarized microstrip array antenna,the study analyzed these parameters:AR,S(1,1),VSWR,bandwidth,normalized impedance,gain and realized gain,radiation efficiency.After optimized,the study get the required results of them.

A Generalized Array Factor for Time-Modulated Hexagonal Based Antenna Array Geometry With Novel Trapezoidal Switching

The concept of the time-modulated array has been emerging as an alternative to the complex phase shifters,which lowers the cost of the array feeding network due to the utilization of radio frequency(RF)switches.The various forms of hexagonal antenna array geometries can be used for applications like surveillance tracking in phased array radar and wireless communication systems.This work proposes the generalized array factor(AF)for the hexagonal antenna array geometry based on time modulation.The time modulation in generalized hexagonal geometry can maintain the fixed static amplitude excitation,giving more flexibility over time.Furthermore,a novel trapezoidal switching function is also proposed and applied to the generalized array factor to enable future researchers to use this array factor in the field of advancement to observe how switching schemes like trapezoidal and rectangular affect the array pattern's side lobe level(SLL).The generalized equation can be utilized for the analysis and synthesis of radiation characteristics of the time-modulated hexagonal array(TMHA),time-modulated concentric hexagonal array(TMCHA),time-modulated hexagonal cylindrical array(TMHCA),and time-modulated hexagonal concentric cylindrical array(TMHCCA).The numerical result illustrates the generation of AF of time-modulated hexagonal structures and also shows that the trapezoidal switching sequence outperforms the rectangular switch using the cat swarm optimization(CSO)approach.

STUDY ON FLAP SIDE-EDGE NOISE BASED ON THE FLY-OVER MEASUREMENTS WITH A PLANAR MICROPHONE ARRAY

A large planar microphone array, which consists of 111 microphones, was successfully applied to measure a two dimensional mapping of the sound sources on landing aircraft. The focus was on the flap side edge noise source in this paper. The spectra, directivity and sound pressure level of flap side edge noise of 10 aircraft were presented in this paper. It is found that the spectrum of flap side edge noise is a broadband noise with some tones in some cases. Two different types of tone sources are found. It is proposed that one type of these tone sources is trailing edge semi baffled dipole source, and another is produced from the shedding of vortex from the wing cusp. The total sound pressure level of flap side edge broadband noise has no obvious directionality. However, the directivity of the tone noise in the flap side edge noise spectrum is obvious. It is demonstrated that the local flow field is the key to controlling the flap side edge noise.

Integrated nanoporous electroporation and sensing electrode array for total dynamic time-domain cardiomyocyte membrane resealing assessment

Intracellular electrophysiological research is vital for biological and medical research.Traditional planar microelectrode arrays(MEAs)have disadvantages in recording intracellular action potentials due to the loose cell-electrode interface.To investigate intracellular electrophysiological signals with high sensitivity,electroporation was used to obtain intracellular recordings.In this study,a biosensing system based on a nanoporous electrode array(NPEA)integrating electrical perforation and signal acquisition was established to dynamically and sensitively record the intracellular potential of cardiomyocytes over a long period of time.Moreover,nanoporous electrodes can induce the protrusion of cell membranes and enhance cell-electrode interfacial coupling,thereby facilitating effective electroporation.Electrophysiological signals over the entire recording process can be quantitatively and segmentally analyzed according to the signal changes,which can equivalently reflect the dynamic evolution of the electroporated cardiomyocyte membrane.We believe that the low-cost and high-performance nanoporous biosensing platform suggested in this study can dynamically record intracellular action potential,evaluate cardiomyocyte electroporation,and provide a new strategy for investigating cardiology pharmacological science.

The large-scale modular BGO detection array(LAMBDA)design and test

Total absorption gamma-ray spectroscopy(TAGS)is a powerful tool for measuring complexγ transitions,which has been effectively applied to the study of reactor decay heat.This paper presents the design of a new TAGS detector,the large-scale modular BGO detection array(LAMBDA),tailored for measuringβ-decay intensity distributions of fission products.The modular design allows the LAMBDA detectors to be assembled in various configurations.The final version of LAMBDA consists of 102 identical 60 mm×60 mm×120 mm BGO crystals and exhibits a high full-energy peak efficiency exceeding 80%at 0.5∼8 MeV based on a Monte Carlo simulation.Currently,approximately half of the LAMBDA modules have been manufactured.Tests usingγ-ray sources and nuclear reactions demonstrated favorable energy resolution,energy linearity,and efficiency uniformity across the modules.Forty-eight modules have been integrated into the prototype LAMBDA-I.The capability of LAMBDA-I inβ-delayedγ-decay experiments was evaluated by commissioning measurements using the ^(152)Eu source.

Array Characteristics of Oscillating-Buoy Two-Floating-Body Wave-Energy Converter

As the energy supply problem worsens, the development and utilization of marine renewable energy have become a research hotspot. The development of wave energy is moving from the near shore to the distant sea. The power-generation efficiency of a single two-floating-body wave-energy converter is relatively low. To fully utilize wave energy and improve the wave-energy capture rate of a fixed sea area, arranging a two-floating-body wave-energy converter array is necessary. This paper first introduces the basic theory of multi-floating flow field, time-domain calculation method, and influence factor of the waveenergy converter array. Then, the development of AQWA software in Fortran language considers the effect of power takeoff. A calculation method based on ANSYS–AQWA is proposed to simulate the motion of the oscillating-buoy two-floating-body wave-energy converter. The results are compared with the experimental results from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. Finally, the ANSYS–AQWA method is used to study the power characteristics of simple and complex arrays of wave-energy converters. The average power generation of simple arrays is largest at 0°, and the average power generation of complex arrays does not change with the wave direction. Optimal layout spacing exists for the simple and complex arrays. These findings can serve as a valuable reference for the large-scale array layout of wave-energy converters in the future.

A Single-Board Integrated Millimeter-Wave Asymmetric Full-Digital Beamforming Array for B5G/6G Applications

In this article,a single-board integrated millimeter-wave(mm-Wave)asymmetric full-digital beamforming(AFDBF)array is developed for beyond-fifth-generation(B5G)and sixth-generation(6G)communications.The proposed integrated array effectively addresses the challenge of arranging a large number of ports in a full-digital array by designing vertical connections in a three-dimensional space and successfully integrating full-digital transmitting(Tx)and receiving(Rx)arrays independently in a single board.Unlike the traditional symmetric array,the proposed asymmetric array is composed of an 8×8 Tx array arranged in a square shape and an 8+8 Rx array arranged in an L shape.The center-to-center distance between two adjacent elements is 0.54k0 for both the Tx and Rx arrays,where k0 is the free-space wavelength at 27 GHz.The proposed AFDBF array possesses a more compact structure and lower system hardware cost and power consumption compared with conventional brick-type full-digital arrays.In addition,the energy efficiency of the proposed AFDBF array outperforms that of a hybrid beamforming array.The measurement results indicate that the operating frequency band of the proposed array is 24.25–29.50 GHz.An eight-element linear array within the Tx array can achieve a scanning angle ranging from-47°to+47°in both the azimuth and the elevation planes,and the measured scanning range of each eight-element Rx array is–45°to+45°.The measured maximum effective isotropic radiated power(EIRP)of the eight-element Tx array is 43.2 dBm at 28.0 GHz(considering the saturation point).Furthermore,the measured error vector magnitude(EVM)is less than 3%when 64-quadrature amplitude modulation(QAM)waveforms are used.

Development of a double-side ordered membrane electrode assembly based on titanium nitride nanoarrays

The membrane electrode assembly(MEA)plays a crucial role in the functionality of proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs).The channels present within the catalyst layer of MEAs exhibit a disordered configuration,which consequently give rise to low efficiency in mass transportation.In order to enhance the mass transfer performance and the corrosion resistance of the catalyst layer,this paper developed a double-side ordered MEA based on TiN nanorod arrays.We synthesized TiN nanorod arrays on the ITO surface by a seed-assisted hydrothermal reaction and nitriding treatment,and coated the catalyst uniformly on the TiN support by ultrasonic spraying.Then the double-side ordered MEA was fabricated by transfer printing,and achieved a peak power of 678.30 mW cm^(-2) with a cathode platinum loading of 0.2 mg cm^(-2) at 80℃ and anode saturated humidity.After 200 hours of accelerated stress test(AST)at 90℃ and 30/30%relative humidity,the peak performance only dropped by 4.8%.These results provide substantial evidence for the effectiveness of our developed double-side ordered MEA which can mitigate catalyst polarization corrosion.Thus,this study reveals the immense potential of the TiN nanorod array-based double-side ordered MEA in advancing the development of efficient and stable MEAs.

Re-evaluating data quality of dog mitochondrial,Y chromosomal,and autosomal SNPs genotyped by SNP array

Quality deficiencies in single nucleotide polymorphism （SNP） analyses have important implications. We used missingness rates to investigate the quality of a recently published dataset containing 424 mitochonddal, 211 Y chromosomal, and 160 432 autosomal SNPs generated by a semicustom Illumina SNP array from 5 392 dogs and 14 grey wolves. Overall, the individual missingness rate for mitochondrial SNPs was -43.8%, with 980 （18.1%）individuals completely missing mitochondrial SNP genotyping （missingness rate=l）. In males, the genotype missingness rate was -28.8% for Y chromosomal SNPs, with 374 males recording rates above 0.96. These 374 males also exhibited completely failed mitochondrial SNPs genotyping, indicative of a batch effect. Individual missingness rates for autosomal markers were greater than zero, but less than 0.5. Neither mitochondrial nor Y chromosomal SNPs achieved complete genotyping （locus missingness rate=0）, whereas 5.9% of autosomal SNPs had a locus missingness rate=l. The high missingness rates and possible batch effect show that caution and rigorous measures are vital when genotyping and analyzing SNP array data for domestic animals. Further improvements of these arrays will be helpful to future studies.

An effective surface-enhanced Raman scattering template based on gold nanoparticle/silicon nanowire arrays

A large-scale Si nanowire array （SiNWA） is fabricated with gold （Au） nanoparticles by simple metal-assisted chemical etching and metal reduction processes. The three-dimensional nanostructured Au/SiNWA is evaluated as an active substrate for surface-enhanced Raman scattering （SERS）. The results show that the detection limit for rhodamine 6G is as low as 10-7 M, and the Raman enhancement factor is as large as 105 with a relative standard deviation of less than 25%. After the calibration of the Raman peak intensifies of rhodamine 6G and thiram, organic molecules could be quantitatively detected. These results indicate that Au/SiNWA is a promising SERS-active substrate for the detection of biomolecules present in low concentrations. Our findings are an important advance in SERS substrates to allow fast and quantitative detection of trace organic contaminants.

E-E_φ广域视电阻率定义的改进方法及场特性识别

广域电磁法采用均匀大地表面水平电偶源的全区精确表达式定义广域视电阻率,与卡尼亚视电阻率相比,能更好地反映地电模型的电性特征。利用广域视电阻率定义方法定义了E Eφ方式的广域视电阻率、远区视电阻率及近区视电阻率,考虑观测方位角的影响,同时得出了E Eφ观测装置的装置系数和电磁响应函数。对3层介质的A型、Q型、K型和H型的一维正演计算分析表明:E Eφ观测装置的广域电磁法的观测方位角的影响相当于φ=90°时观测坐标系的旋转,通过适当的校正,任意φ角的测深曲线更能真实地反映地电断面随深度的客观变化,综合3种不同视电阻率的分析,能够较好地识别人工源频率域测深中电磁场不同的渐近特性。基于E Eφ方式的广域电磁法扩大了观测范围,具有更好的应用前景。

纵向型双电离室ΔE-E探测器系统及其在ERD分析中的应用

设计加工了一套纵向型双电离室ΔE E(气体 固体 )探测器系统 ,由于采用了双电离室及电场均匀技术 ,得到较好的能量分辨率 :利用 5 0 3MeV的12 C在束测量 ,ΔE分辨率达 3 3% ,Er 分辨率达 1 5 %。利用该系统对新型半导体材料GaAs、新型光电材料GaN等进行ERD分析 ,得到了材料的元素深度分布谱 (分辨达 5 0nm) ;在该系统和Q3D磁谱仪配合测量中 。

共面耦合馈电小型化E-E形及半E-E形宽带微带天线

提出并设计了一种可应用于多频段无线通信的小型化宽带微带贴片天线。天线采用共面容性耦合的馈电方式补偿探针的分布电感,应用FR4高频介质板与空气层组成的层叠介质、E-E形和半E-E形辐射贴片缩减天线的尺寸。结果表明,E-E形微带天线和半E-E形微带天线的阻抗带宽分别为1.85~2.57 GHz(相对带宽32.6%)和1.85~2.50 GHz(相对带宽29.9%)。和普通E形微带天线相比,E-E形和半E-E形微带天线的贴片面积缩小了47%和61%。

ΔE-E望远镜在~9C碎裂反应上的应用

为研究9 C的晕核结构,一套ΔE-E望远镜探测器应用在兰州放射性次级束流线(RIBLL)上进行的9 C碎裂反应实验中,用来测量反应中产生的碎片。为解决ΔE-E望远镜中硅条的干扰问题及硅条和CsI的能量刻度,利用硅条的感应信号对重离子在硅条上产生的饱和信号进行能量刻度,并通过模拟程序与事例得到的刻度点对CsI(Tl)晶体进行能量刻度。同时使用在硅条和CsI(Tl)晶体上的位置信息对反应物径迹进行重建,从而得到同一离子在硅条与CsI(Tl)晶体上信号的符合,并得到了最终的有效物理事件。

技术创新动力机制的E-E模式

技术创新动力机制的Ｅ－Ｅ模式四川联合大学谢薇一、既有的讨论关于技术创新的动力机制，国内外学者已提出了不少理论模式。这些模式，从科技、经济、政策、资源等各方面阐述了技术创新的动力机制，从不同的侧面揭示了技术创新动力的源泉所在。其中，技术推—市场拉综合作...

屏栅电离室+ΔE-E望远镜探测器系统

研制了屏栅电离室+ΔE-E望远镜探测器系统,系统的屏栅电离室用来测定252Cf自发裂变碎片的能量和相对于探测器系统轴线的发射角,与屏栅电离室耦合安装的ΔE-E望远镜探测器由一个薄的屏栅电离室(气体ΔE)和一个金硅面垒探测器(E)组成,用来确定互补碎片的电荷。用本系统对252Cf自发裂变碎片电荷分布进行了4个参数的关联测量,结果表明,这个探测器系统的电荷分辨能力Z/ΔZ好于40∶1。

一个小型△E-E望远镜

一、引言 本望远镜是为在96MeV16O+64Ni系统上探测重离子而研制的。△E探测器是一个纵向电离室,它由阳极、阴极、栅极以及均压环构成。采用的工作气体为P10,使用流气式,气压稳定性为±100Pa。在气压为40kPa,栅极高压为350V,阳极高压400V时,241

Design and construction of a film of mesoporous single-crystal rutile TiO_2 rod arrays for photoelectrochemical water oxidation

A film of mesoporous single-crystal rutile TiO2 rod arrays supported on a transparent conductive glass substrate was synthesized with the assistance of a template layer of closely packed silica nanospheres. This film was used as a photoanode and showed significant improvement for photoelectrochemical water oxidation compared with a reference film of nonporous single-crystal rutile TiO2rod arrays.

血清β-catenin、E-cadherin水平与糖尿病肾病患者钙磷代谢、颈动脉钙化的关系

目的探讨血清E-钙黏蛋白(E-cadherin)、β-连环蛋白(β-catenin)水平与糖尿病肾病患者钙磷代谢、颈动脉钙化的关系。方法选择2019年5月至2022年11月该院收治的112例糖尿病肾病患者作为研究组,并根据双侧颈动脉彩超检查结果分为颈动脉钙化组(n=44)和非颈动脉钙化组(n=68),另选同期于该院接受体检的90例体检健康者为对照组。检测并比较各组血清E-cadherin、β-catenin及钙磷代谢水平,采用Pearson相关分析血清E-cadherin、β-catenin水平与糖尿病肾病患者钙磷代谢的关系,采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评估血清E-cadherin、β-catenin对糖尿病肾病患者颈动脉钙化的预测价值,采用多因素Logistic回归分析糖尿病肾病患者颈动脉钙化的影响因素。结果研究组糖化血红蛋白、血磷、钙磷乘积、甲状旁腺激素(iPTH)、肌酐、碱性磷酸酶、β-catenin水平均高于对照组,E-cadherin水平低于对照组(P<0.05)。颈动脉钙化组血磷、血钙、钙磷乘积、iPTH、肌酐、碱性磷酸酶、β-catenin水平均高于非颈动脉钙化组,E-cadherin水平低于非颈动脉钙化组(P<0.001)。Pearson相关分析显示,糖尿病肾病患者血清E-cadherin与血磷、血钙、钙磷乘积、iPTH、肌酐、碱性磷酸酶均呈负相关(r=-0.453、-0.654、-0.365、-0.490、-0.411、-0.377,均P<0.05),血清β-catenin水平与血磷、血钙、钙磷乘积、iPTH、肌酐、碱性磷酸酶均呈正相关(r=0.444、0.345、0.421、0.398、0.651、0.622,均P<0.001)。ROC曲线分析显示,血清E-cadherin、β-catenin及二者联合预测糖尿病肾病颈动脉钙化的曲线下面积分别为0.844(95%CI 0.795~0.894)、0.853(95%CI 0.801~0.901)、0.901(95%CI 0.851~0.952)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,血清E-cadherin(OR=3.789,95%CI 2.055~6.983)、β-catenin(OR=4.104,95%CI 1.795~9.385)、钙磷乘积(OR=2.998,95%CI 1.895~4.743)、iPTH(OR=2.713,95%CI 1.787~4.118)均是糖尿病肾病患者颈动脉钙化的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论糖尿病肾病患者β-catenin水平升高,E-cadherin水平降低,二者与患者钙磷代谢、颈动脉钙化密切相关,可作为评估糖尿病肾病患者颈动脉钙化的有效指标,同时二者联合对颈动脉钙化的预测价值更高。

组织中MMP-9、E-cadherin与子宫内膜样癌伴MELF浸润方式及肿瘤侵袭程度的关系

目的分析子宫内膜样癌组织中基质金属蛋白酶(matrix metalloproteinase,MMP)-9、E-钙黏蛋白(E-cadherin)与微囊性、伸长及碎片状(microcystic,elongation,and fragmentation,MELF)浸润方式及肿瘤侵袭程度之间的关系,探讨能够识别子宫内膜样癌伴MELF浸润的指标,抑制肿瘤侵袭能力。方法回顾性分析在河北北方学院附属第一医院接受手术治疗的112例子宫内膜样癌患者临床资料,全部患者均顺利完成改良根治性子宫切除术,并获得肿瘤标准,根据病理检查结果对112例患者进行分组,分为MELF组和N-MELF组。统计112例患者一般临床资料,血液检查项目包括肿瘤标志物,免疫组织化学检查项目包括组织中MMP-9、E-cadherin,根据检查结果,构建Logistic回归模型,分析组织中MMP-9、E-cadherin及相关指标与子宫内膜样癌MELF浸润方式及肿瘤侵袭程度的关系。结果研究中112例子宫内膜样癌患者,评估为MELF浸润患者21例(18.75%);MELF浸润患者病理等级低级别,国际妇产科联盟(International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics,FIGO)ⅣA期,淋巴脉管间隙浸润(lymphatic vascular space,LVSI)、组织中MMP-9阳性患者占比多于N-MELF浸润患者,E-cadherin阳性患者占比少于N-MELF浸润患者,人附睾蛋白(humanepididymisprotein 4,HE4),甲壳质酶蛋白(human cartilageglycopmtein,YKL-40)水平高于N-MELF患者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多元Logistic回归分析提示,组织中E-cadherin表达率低、MMP-9表达率高,MELF浸润与子宫内膜样癌FIGO分期进展有关(P<0.05)。结论子宫内膜样癌发生MELF浸润与组织中MMP-9、E-cadherin有关,MMP-9表达率高和E-cadherin表达率低能够通过导致MELF浸润发生,从而增强肿瘤侵袭能力。