Evaluation of stress intensity factors for bi-material interface cracks using displacement jump methods

The aim of the present work is to investigate the numerical modeling of interfacial cracks that may appear at the interface between two isotropic elastic materials. The extended finite element method is employed to analyze brittle and bi-material interfacial fatigue crack growth by computing the mixed mode stress intensity factors(SIF). Three different approaches are introduced to compute the SIFs. In the first one, mixed mode SIF is deduced from the computation of the contour integral as per the classical J-integral method,whereas a displacement method is used to evaluate the SIF by using either one or two displacement jumps located along the crack path in the second and third approaches. The displacement jump method is rather classical for mono-materials,but has to our knowledge not been used up to now for a bimaterial. Hence, use of displacement jump for characterizing bi-material cracks constitutes the main contribution of the present study. Several benchmark tests including parametric studies are performed to show the effectiveness of these computational methodologies for SIF considering static and fatigue problems of bi-material structures. It is found that results based on the displacement jump methods are in a very good agreement with those of exact solutions, such as for the J-integral method, but with a larger domain of applicability and a better numerical efficiency(less time consuming and less spurious boundary effect).

Compensation of stress intensity factors in hollow cylinders containing several cracks under torsion by electro-elastic coating

In this article, a formulation for a hollow cylinder reinforced with an electroelastic layer is investigated. The hollow cylinder and its electro-elastic coating are under the Saint-Venant torsional loading. First, the solution to the problem containing a Volterra-type screw dislocation is obtained by using the Fourier transform. The problem is then reduced to a set of Cauchy singular integral equations by the distributed dislocation method. Finally, several examples are presented to show the effect of the electro-elastic coating on the reduction of the stress intensity factors at the crack tips.

Solution of stress intensity factors of multiple cracks in plane elasticity with eigen COD formulation of boundary integral equation

The concept of eigen crack opening displacement （COD） can be defined as the COD of a crack in infinite plate under the tractions acting on the crack surface. By introducing this concept, the eigen COD formulation of boundary integral equation is proposed in this paper, together with the solution procedures for multiple crack problems in plane elasticity. With the proposed approach, the multiple crack problems can be solved with the conventional displacement discontinuity boundary integral equations in an iterative fashion with a small size of system matrix as that in the numerical Green’s function （NGF） approach but without the trouble to determine the complementary solutions since the standard boundary element discretization on the crack surface is no longer required with the proposed approach. Some numerical examples computing the stress intensity factors are presented and compared with those in literature to show the accuracy and the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

Finite element simulation of stress intensity factors in elastic-plastic crack growth

A finite element program developed elastic-plastic crack propagation simulation using Fortran language. At each propagation step, the adaptive mesh is automatically refined based on a posteriori h-type refinement using norm stress error estimator. A rosette of quarter-point elements is then constructed around the crack tip to facilitate the prediction of crack growth based on the maximum normal stress criterion and to calculate stress intensity factors under plane stress and plane strain conditions. Crack was modelled to propagate through the inter-element in the mesh. Some examples are presented to show the results of the implementation.

Numerical Comparison Research on the Solution of Stress Intensity Factors of Multiple Crack Problems

A newly developed approach without crack surface discretization for modeling 2D solids with large number of cracks in linear elastic fracture mechanics is proposed with the eigen crack opening displacement (COD) boundary integral equations in this paper. The eigen COD is defined as a crack in an infinite domain under fictitious traction acting on the crack surface. Respect to the computational accuracies and efficiencies, the multiple crack problems in finite and infinite plates are solved and compared numerically using three different kinds of boundary integral equations (BIEs): 1) the dual BIEs require crack surface discretization;2) the BIEs with numerical Green’s functions (NGF) without crack surface discretization, but have to solve a complementary matrix;3) the eigen crack opening displacement (COD) BIEs in the present paper. With the concept of eigen COD, the multiple crack problems can be solved by using a conventional displacement discontinuity boundary integral equation in an iterative fashion with a small size of system matrix as that in the NGF approach, but without troubles to determine the complementary matrix. Solution of the stress intensity factors of multiple crack problems is solved and compared in some numerical examples using the above three computational algorithms. Numerical results clearly demonstrate the numerical models of eigen COD BIEs have much higher efficiency, providing a newly numerical technique for multiple crack problems. Not only the accuracy and efficiency of computation can be guaranteed, but also the overall properties and local details can be obtained. In conclusion, the numerical models of eigen COD BIEs realize the simulations for multiple crack problems with large quantity of cracks.

A numerical analysis of stress intensity factors for cracks emanating from an elliptical hole in a rectangular plate under biaxial loads

Concerns with stress intensity factors for cracks emanating from an elliptical hole in a rectangular plate under biaxial loads by means of a boundary element method which consists of non-singular displacement discontinuity element presented by Crouch and Starfied [6] and crack-tip displacement discontinuity elements proposed by the author. In the boundary element implementation the left or the right crack-tip displacement discontinuity element is placed locally at the corresponding left or right crack tip on top of the constant displacement discontinuity elements that cover the entire crack surface and other boundaries. The present numerical results further illustrate that the present numerical approach is very effective and accurate for calculating stress intensity factors of complex cracks in a finite plate and can reveal the effect of the biaxial load and the cracked body geometry on stress intensity factors.

On the accuracy of higher order displacement discontinuity method(HODDM) in the solution of linear elastic fracture mechanics problems

The higher order displacement discontinuity method(HODDM) utilizing special crack tip elements has been used in the solution of linear elastic fracture mechanics(LEFM) problems. The paper has selected several example problems from the fracture mechanics literature(with available analytical solutions) including center slant crack in an infinite and finite body, single and double edge cracks, cracks emanating from a circular hole. The numerical values of Mode Ⅰ and Mode Ⅱ SIFs for these problems using HODDM are in excellent agreement with analytical results(reaching up to 0.001% deviation from their analytical results). The HODDM is also compared with the XFEM and a modified XFEM results. The results show that the HODDM needs a considerably lower computational effort(with less than 400 nodes) than the XFEM and the modified XFEM(which needs more than 10000 nodes) to reach a much higher accuracy. The proposed HODDM offers higher accuracy and lower computation effort for a wide range of problems in LEFM.

Analysis of Three-dimensional Crack Propagation by Using Displacement Discontinuity Method

A technique for modelling of three-dimensional(3D)quasi-statically propagating cracks in elastic bodies by the displacement discontinuity method(DDM)was described.When the crack is closed,the Mohr-coulomb rule on the two contacted surfaces of the crack must be satisfied.A simple iterative method was adopted in order to consider three different states of cracks.Under the assumption that the advance of the point on the crack front would occur only in the normal plane which is through this edge point,the maximum energy release rate criterion is modified to be used as the criterion for the crack growth.With discretization,the process of crack propagation can be seen as the advance of the vertices of the crack front.The program MCP3D was developed based on these theories to simulate the 3D quasi-static crack propagation.A numerical example of a penny-shaped crack subject to tension and compression in an infinite elastic media was analyzed with MCP3D,and the results in comparison with others' show that the present method for 3D crack propagation is effective.

A Study on Propagation Mechanism of Fracture Systems in Rock Masses by Discontinuity Displacement Method

The main task of fracture mechanics of rock masses is the study on the propagating mechanism of fractures in rock masses , which can be efficiently conducted by discontinuty displacement (DD) numerical evaluation . Firstly ,the element stress and displacement are analysed and the principle and steps of the numerical calculation of stress intensity factor and fracture extension force are introduced .The numerical results of parallel and echelon fracture systems ,which are compared with real field fractures .are presented. Finally . a simple engineering application example is presented .

动车组空心车轴应力强度因子研究

为研究动车组空心车轴应力强度因子,首先分析了车轴应力强度因子的影响因素,建立了含裂纹车轴有限元模型,并使用叠加法求解不同载荷下的应力强度因子。然后采用应力外推法和位移外推法计算了应力强度因子,并将计算结果与文献形状因子公式法进行对比。最后根据应力强度因子的一般解析式和位移外推法的计算结果,使用五次多项式对形状因子函数进行拟合,通过设置不同的裂纹深度和载荷验证了形状因子函数和解析式的适用性。结果表明该方法对于求解同一载荷模式下的车轴应力强度因子具有一定的参考价值。

位移外推法和扩展有限元法计算应力强度因子的比较

作为评定裂缝是否扩展的重要参量,应力强度因子的计算精度影响材料性能的评估。通过含预制裂缝的三点弯曲梁、矩形板中心裂缝、矩形板中心斜裂缝和矩形板中心界面裂缝模型4个数值算例,采用位移外推法和扩展有限元法分别计算了裂缝尖端应力强度因子。将计算结果与解析解或其他数值方法参考解进行对比验证了上述两种方法的计算精度。此外,探讨了网格密度对应力强度因子求解精度的影响以及剔除裂尖附近的结果对位移外推法求解应力强度因子的影响。发现位移外推法可以通过对裂尖进行网格局部加密和去除裂尖奇异点来提高精度;扩展有限元法对网格密度要求相对较小,综合计算时间考虑,可以适当增加网格密度。结果可为求解应力强度因子和针对试验-数值耦合法计算断裂韧度提供参考。

含裂纹损伤结构强度的多源数据融合方法研究

海洋结构在服役期间,不可避免地受到复杂的环境载荷和操作载荷的作用。对于金属材料的海洋结构,断裂是其失效的主要形式,所以,及时、准确地监测裂纹的萌生和扩展是很有必要的。而应力强度因子(SIF)是判断裂纹失稳扩展的一个重要指标。该文在现有研究的基础上,将基于单应变片(SSG)和最大张口位移(CMOD)的SIF的确定方法相结合,提出了一种基于数据融合的SIF的估计方法。对该方法进行了数值模拟和实验验证,结果表明,该方法适用于多种配置的裂纹试件,且与基于单应变片和最大张口位移的方法相比,所提方法可以获得更精确的结果,相对误差(RE)不超过1.2%。

混凝土三点弯曲梁裂缝断裂全过程数值模拟研究

考虑裂缝黏聚力的作用,基于Paris位移公式推导出混凝土三点弯曲梁裂缝扩展过程中断裂过程区上的裂缝张开位移的解析表达式。采用起裂韧度作为裂缝起裂及扩展的判断标准,提出了荷载作用下混凝土裂缝起裂、扩展及失稳破坏全过程的数值模拟方法,并分别与国内外断裂试验实测值及有限元计算值进行了比较。结果表明,本文提出的数值模拟方法形式简单且精度较好。

功能梯度压电材料反平面裂纹问题

基于三维弹性理论和压电理论,导出了材料系数在横观各向同性平面内梯度分布的压电体的状态方程;进而对材料系数按指数函数规律分布的半无限大压电体中的反平面裂纹问题进行了求解;利用Fourier变换给出了半无限大压电体中位移、应力、电势及电位移的解析表达式;并求得了裂纹尖端的应力强度因子和电位移强度因子,分析了不同的非均匀材料系数及几何尺寸对它们的影响。

水岩作用下岩石亚临界裂纹的扩展规律

采用双扭试件,利用常位移松弛法,分别进行自然状态以及水岩作用下大理岩和混合岩的亚临界裂纹扩展实验,获得2种环境下岩石裂纹扩展速率v与应力强度因子KI的关系,并计算得到亚临界裂纹扩展参数A和n。通过对比,研究水对岩石亚临界裂纹扩展规律的影响。研究结果表明:对于大理岩,其A为自然状态下的8.07×1016倍,n由自然状态下的48.33下降到8.28;对于混合岩,其A为自然状态下的5.45×109倍,n则由自然状态下的60.20下降到21.86,说明对应于同一应力强度因子水平,水作用下的岩石亚临界裂纹扩展速度要快;水的存在使得岩石的断裂韧度KIC明显降低,对于大理岩,自然状态下的KIC为3.0316MN/m3/2,水岩作用后KIC为2.2070MN/m3/2,下降27.19%;对于混合岩,2种状态下的KIC分别为2.0877和1.9398MN/m3/2,下降7.08%。该实验结果可为复杂矿岩的稳定性分析提供可靠依据。

三维间断位移法及强奇异和超奇异积分的处理方法

从积分方程Somigliana等式出发,导出三维状态下单位位错集度的基本解.在此基础上,建立了边界积分方程,并给出了其离散形式.对强奇异和超奇异积分,采用了Hadamard定义的有限部分积分来处理.最后,给出了计算裂纹应力强度因子的算例,并与解析解进行了比较,证实了该方法的有效性.

弯扭组合载荷下圆管半椭圆表面裂纹应力强度因子的有限元分析

对表面裂纹复合型应力强度因子的研究一直是线弹性断裂力学中的重要课题,例如弯扭组合载荷下圆管半椭圆表面裂纹应力强度因子的计算,到现在也没有一个正确的分析解.考虑到裂尖的应力奇异性,在裂纹前沿手动设置三维奇异单元,用三维有限元法中的1/4点位移法计算弯扭组合载荷下圆管表面椭圆裂纹前沿的Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型和Ⅲ型应力强度因子,并分析其随裂纹深度增加时的变化规律.运用该方法计算了有关模型的应力强度因子,并与该模型的实验值进行了比较,计算结果和实验结果吻合良好.

平板穿透裂纹尖端应力强度因子计算方法研究

针对应力强度因子的求解问题,提出了基于平板穿透裂纹的最大张口位移计算裂纹尖端应力强度因子的新方法.首先根据Westergaard应力函数推导出具有中心穿透裂纹的无限大平板模型受两向均匀拉伸载荷时,裂纹最大张口位移与裂纹尖端应力强度因子之间的数学关系,然后利用有限元模拟计算研究了该数学关系针对含穿透裂纹的有限尺寸平板模型的适用性,包括有限板宽的边界效应、不同的载荷形式对应力强度因子求解的影响,并给出了针对实际力学模型计算裂纹尖端应力强度因子的修正方法.该研究成果为船舶与海洋结构物中含裂纹损伤局部结构的裂纹强度检测与评估提供了一条新的思路.

无限大功能梯度压电材料中反平面Yoffe型运动裂纹

假设裂纹面上的边界条件为电渗透型的,从而导出了材料系数在横观各向同性平面内梯度分布的压电体的状态方程;利用Fourier变换给出了无限大压电体中位移、应力、电势、电位移的解析表达式;并求得了裂纹尖端动应力强度因子、电位移强度因子及电场强度因子,分析了不同的非均匀材料系数、几何尺寸及裂纹运动速度对它们的影响.

海洋平台K型管节点的疲劳裂纹扩展分析 II:数值分析

对于已含初始裂纹平台管节点的寿命预测很大程度上依靠应力强度因子的精确值,而复杂载荷条件下的节点应力强度因子的计算尚无参数方程直接确定。本文提出了一种含表面裂纹的K节点的有限元网格产生方法,即把整个K节点划分为几个子区域,每个子区域的网格具有不同类型的单元和不同的密度。这种方法在控制网格密度,尤其是控制沿着裂纹边缘单元的边长比方面有其独特的优越性,当所有子区域的网格自动产生后,容易得到整个结构的有限元模型。同时用J积分和位移外推插值法分别计算了一个K型节点沿着裂纹前缘的应力强度因子值,发现:试验得到的应力强度因子值和提出的模型计算结果非常吻合,证明了所提有限元模型的准确性。