BACKGROUND The poor prognosis and rising incidence of esophageal cancer highlight the need for improved therapeutics that are essential prior to treatment.LCL161 is an SMAC(second mitochondrial activator of caspases)m...BACKGROUND The poor prognosis and rising incidence of esophageal cancer highlight the need for improved therapeutics that are essential prior to treatment.LCL161 is an SMAC(second mitochondrial activator of caspases)mimic and inhibitor of apoptosis protein(IAP)antagonist which exhibits anti-tumor effects and improves the chemical sensitivity of many cancers.AIM To ascertain the effects and mechanisms of the SMAC analog LCL161 on esophageal cancer cells.METHODS MTT assay and TUNEL assay were used to detect cell proliferation and apoptosis,respectively.Western blot analysis was used to study the molecular mechanisms of LCL161-induced death of ECA109 cells.RESULTS LCL161 decreased ECA109 cell proliferation in dose-and time-dependent manner and induced apoptosis of ECA109 cells in a dose-dependent manner.Also,LCL161 induced a significant decrease in the expression of the XIAP and significant increase in the expression of Caspase-3.In addition,Bax increased significantly with increasing concentrations of LCL161,and the relative expression of Bax was significantly different between groups.CONCLUSION These findings support the hypothesis that LCL161 can inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis in esophageal cancer cells by regulating the expression of IAP family members,suggesting that it has potential to be an effective treatment for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.展开更多
Objective： To study the combined antitumor effect and possible mechanisms of ursolic acid with 5-fluorouracil （5-FU） on human esophageal carcinoma cell Eca-109 in vitro. Methods： Eca-109 cells were treated with ur...Objective： To study the combined antitumor effect and possible mechanisms of ursolic acid with 5-fluorouracil （5-FU） on human esophageal carcinoma cell Eca-109 in vitro. Methods： Eca-109 cells were treated with ursolic acid （10-50 μmol/L） and/or 5-fluorouracil （48.0-768.8 μmol/L） for 48 h in vitro. And then cell proliferation was determined by MTT assay. Cell cycle and apoptosis rate were analyzed by flow cytometry （FCM）. The morphological changes of apoptosis were observed by fluorescent microscopy. At last the expression of P27kipl, bcl-2 and bax were detected by western blot. Results： Results： In comparison with single agent treatment, the combination of ursolic acid and 5-fluorouracil produced greater efficacy in growth inhibition, cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase, and apoptosis induction （P〈0.05）. Western blot analysis showed that the combination use of ursolic acid and 5-fluorouracil suppressed the expression of bcl-2 and increased the expressions of bax and P27kip1. Conclusion： Ursolic acid combined with 5-fluorouracil showed adjuvant antiproliferative effects on human esophageal carcinoma cell Eca-109 in vitro, which mainly due to the induction of cell cycle arrest as well as apoptosis.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the effects of 8-Br-cAMP on differentiation and apoptosis of human esophageal cancer cell line Eca-109, and the related gene expression.METHODS: The cultured Eca-109 cells were divided into four gr...AIM: To investigate the effects of 8-Br-cAMP on differentiation and apoptosis of human esophageal cancer cell line Eca-109, and the related gene expression.METHODS: The cultured Eca-109 cells were divided into four groups: E1 group (co-cultured with 8-Br-cAMP for 24 h); E2 group (co-cultured with 8-Br-cAMP for 48 h); C1 group (treated without 8-Br-cAMP for 24 h); and C2 group (treated without 8-Br-cAMP for 48 h). The same concentration of cell suspension of each group was dropped separately onto the slides and nitrocellulose membranes (NCM). The biotin-labeled cDNA probes for c-myc, wild-type (wt) p53, bcl-2 and iNOS were prepared for in situ hybridization. The expressions of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), p38 kinase, FAS, FasL and caspase-3 were detected using immunocytochemistry, and the NOS activity and the ratio of differentiated cells/proliferating cells were examined by cytochemistry. Immunocytochemistry, cytochemistry,and in situ hybridization were separately carried out on both slides and NCM specimens for each group. In addition, TUNEL was used to detect the cell apoptosis rate in each group.RESULTS: The apoptotic rate of E2 group was significantly higher compared to E1 group, while there was no difference in the ratio of differentiated cells/ proliferating cells between E1 and E2 groups. The signals of wt p53 and iNOS were markedly stronger, while the signals of c-myc and EGFR were obviously weaker in E1 group than those in C1 group (P＜0.05). Moreover, the signals of wt p53, iNOS, p38 kinase, caspase-3 and NOS activity were significantly stronger, whereas, the signals of bcl-2, c-myc and Fas/FasL were markedly weaker in E2 group than those in C2 group (P＜0.05). CONCLUSION: The differentiation and apoptosis of human esophageal cancer cell Eca-109 can be induced after 24- and 48-h treatment with 8-BrcAMP, respectively. Upregulation of wt p53, iNOS and downregulation of c-myc may be associated with differentiation and apoptosis of Eca-109 cells.Furthermore, upregulation of FasL, p38 kinase and caspase-3 as well as downregulation of bcl-2, and Fas may be involved in the apoptosis of Eca-109 cells.展开更多
Objective： We explored the mechanism of apoptosis in human esophageal cancer Ecal09 cells by resveratrol. Methods： The suppressive ratio of resveratrol on Ecal09 cells proliferation was evaluated by MTT colorimetric...Objective： We explored the mechanism of apoptosis in human esophageal cancer Ecal09 cells by resveratrol. Methods： The suppressive ratio of resveratrol on Ecal09 cells proliferation was evaluated by MTT colorimetric assay and morphology was observed by transmission electron microscope. The expression of survivin and bax was analyzed by RT-PCR and Flow Cytometry （FCM）. Results： Resveratrol inhibited the growth of Ecal09 calls in a dose-and time-dependent man- ner, and the suppressive ratio arrived at 76.42%. Morphological apoptosis could be observed after treated with resveratrol.The bulk of some drug-treated cells turned small and the nuclear chromatin became condensed and rnarginated. The results determined by RT-PCR and FCM showed that resveratrol could down-regulate surviving, while up-regulate bax. Conclusion： Resveratrol could induce the apoptosis of human esophageal cancer Ecal09 cells, and its possible molecular mechanisms might be related to modulation the expression of survivin and bax.展开更多
AIM： To study the role of P38 kinase in esophageal cancer cell apoptosis induced by genotoxin, cisplatin and the unfolded protein response （UPR） inducer, dithiothreitol （DTT）. METHODS： Esophageal carcinoma cell ...AIM： To study the role of P38 kinase in esophageal cancer cell apoptosis induced by genotoxin, cisplatin and the unfolded protein response （UPR） inducer, dithiothreitol （DTT）. METHODS： Esophageal carcinoma cell line Eca109 was cultured in RPMI 1640 medium to 70% confluency and treated with either cisplatin, DTT, or cisplatin plus DTT in the presence or absence of P38 inhibitor, SB203580. The untreated cells served as the control. The esophageal carcinoma cell apoptosis was detected by agarose gel DNA ladder analysis and quantified by flow cytometry. The P38 phosphorylation was detected by immunohistochemistry using antibodies specific to phosphorylated P38 protein. RESULTS： （1） Both cisplatin and DTF induced apoptosis in the esophageal cancer cell line Eca109 as shown by DNA ladder formation; （2） As detected by antibodies specific for the phosphorylated P38 protein （p-P38）, both cisplatin and DTT treatments activated the stress-activated enzyme, MAP kinase P38. The number of positive cells was about 50% for the treatment groups, comparing to that of 10% for untreated group. DTF treatment, but not cisplatin treatment, induces nuclear localization of p-P38; （3） As measured by flow cytometry, inhibition of P38 activity by SB203580 blocks DTT- and cisplatin-induced apoptosis. The rates for DTT, cisplatin, and DTT plus cisplatin-induced apoptosis were 16.8%, 17.1%, and 21.4%, respectively. Addition of the SB compound during the incubation reduced the apoptotic rate to about 7.6% for all the treatment groups, suggesting that P38 activation is essential for cisplatin- and DTT-induced apoptosis in Eca109 cells. CONCLUSION： （1） Both DTT and cisplatin were able to induce apoptosis in esophageal cancer cell line Eca109; （2） P38 MAP kinase is essential for DTT- and cisplatininduced apoptosis in Eca109 cells; （3） P38 activation may be the common signaling component relaying the multiple upstream signaling events to the downstream cell death program.展开更多
The expression and properties of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in Eca109 cells, a cell line derived fromhuman esophageal cancer were studied with specific inhibition assay and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.The resul...The expression and properties of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in Eca109 cells, a cell line derived fromhuman esophageal cancer were studied with specific inhibition assay and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.The results showed that ALP of Eca109 cells was heat stable and was strongly inhibited by L-pheuylalanine, but slightly inhibited by urea. Preduisolone could causedramatic increase in activity of ALP, but no change in ALP isozyme and concomitant increase in lactic dehydrogenase activity were found after prednisolone treatment. The results suggested that placental alkaline phosphatase as an oncodevelopmental gene product could be expressed ectopically by Eca109 cells and prednisolone could specifically induce increase in its activity.展开更多
Vδ1^+γδ T lymphocytes are known to play important roles in anti-tumor immunity.We recently reported an anti-tumor activity of wilfoside C3 N,an active component extracted from Chinese medicinal herbs.In the current...Vδ1^+γδ T lymphocytes are known to play important roles in anti-tumor immunity.We recently reported an anti-tumor activity of wilfoside C3 N,an active component extracted from Chinese medicinal herbs.In the current study,we evaluated the role of Vδ1^+γδ T cells in C3 N anti-tumor activity using an in vitro cell co-culture model.We found that C3 N induced the ECA109 tumor cells to undergo apoptosis in the presence of Vδ1^+γδ T cells.The level of ECA109 apoptosis maximized when both C3 N and Vδ1 + γδ T cells were present,which correlated with the increased expression of Fas on ECA109 and Fas ligand on Vδ1^+γδ T cells induced by C3 N.In addition,C3 N also enhanced secretion of cytokines,perforin and granzymes by Vδ1^+γδ T cells.These observations suggest that activation of Vδ1^+ γδ T cells may play a critical role in C3N-mediated anti-tumor activity.展开更多
目的通过观察用药后COX-2、Bcl-2和Survivin的变化,探讨丹皮酚(paeonol,Pae)诱导Eca-109食管癌裸鼠移植瘤凋亡的机制。方法体外培养食管癌Eca-109细胞,裸鼠皮下接种Eca-109细胞建立裸鼠移植瘤动物模型,36只荷瘤裸鼠随机分为6组,分别为...目的通过观察用药后COX-2、Bcl-2和Survivin的变化,探讨丹皮酚(paeonol,Pae)诱导Eca-109食管癌裸鼠移植瘤凋亡的机制。方法体外培养食管癌Eca-109细胞,裸鼠皮下接种Eca-109细胞建立裸鼠移植瘤动物模型,36只荷瘤裸鼠随机分为6组,分别为模型对照组、Pae不同剂量组(25、50、100、200mg·kg-1)和阳性药对照组(cisplatin,CD-DP,5mg·kg-1)。治疗2wk后处死裸鼠,剥取瘤体称瘤重并计算抑瘤率。用末端脱氧核苷酸转移酶介导的dUTP缺口末端标记(TUNEL)法检测肿瘤细胞凋亡。免疫组化S-P法检测移植瘤组织COX-2、Bcl-2和Survivin的表达。结果Pae50、100和200mg·kg-1组和CDDP5mg·kg-1组均能明显抑制裸鼠皮下肿瘤的生长,抑瘤率分别为23·54%、27·91%、34·46%和58·71%,与模型组比较差异均有显著性(P<0·05orP<0·01)。TUNEL染色可发现棕褐色的凋亡细胞呈散在或片状分布,Pae各剂量组的凋亡指数(apoptosis index,AI)分别为(11·02±2·58)%、(19·80±2·77)%、(24·48±4·35)%和(27·13±4·39)%,与模型组(4·81±0·83)%比较,差异均有显著性(P<0·05orP<0·01)。免疫组化结果显示,Pae能明显抑制移植瘤组织COX-2、Bcl-2和Survivin的表达(P<0·05 or P<0·01)。结论Pae能抑制Eca-109食管癌裸鼠移植瘤生长、诱导凋亡而发挥抗肿瘤作用,其机制可能与下调COX-2的表达并抑制Bcl-2和Sur-vivin的表达有关。展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND The poor prognosis and rising incidence of esophageal cancer highlight the need for improved therapeutics that are essential prior to treatment.LCL161 is an SMAC(second mitochondrial activator of caspases)mimic and inhibitor of apoptosis protein(IAP)antagonist which exhibits anti-tumor effects and improves the chemical sensitivity of many cancers.AIM To ascertain the effects and mechanisms of the SMAC analog LCL161 on esophageal cancer cells.METHODS MTT assay and TUNEL assay were used to detect cell proliferation and apoptosis,respectively.Western blot analysis was used to study the molecular mechanisms of LCL161-induced death of ECA109 cells.RESULTS LCL161 decreased ECA109 cell proliferation in dose-and time-dependent manner and induced apoptosis of ECA109 cells in a dose-dependent manner.Also,LCL161 induced a significant decrease in the expression of the XIAP and significant increase in the expression of Caspase-3.In addition,Bax increased significantly with increasing concentrations of LCL161,and the relative expression of Bax was significantly different between groups.CONCLUSION These findings support the hypothesis that LCL161 can inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis in esophageal cancer cells by regulating the expression of IAP family members,suggesting that it has potential to be an effective treatment for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
基金supported by the grants from the Natural science Foundation Project of Chongqing Sci & Tech Committee (CSCT, 2006BB5297)
文摘Objective： To study the combined antitumor effect and possible mechanisms of ursolic acid with 5-fluorouracil （5-FU） on human esophageal carcinoma cell Eca-109 in vitro. Methods： Eca-109 cells were treated with ursolic acid （10-50 μmol/L） and/or 5-fluorouracil （48.0-768.8 μmol/L） for 48 h in vitro. And then cell proliferation was determined by MTT assay. Cell cycle and apoptosis rate were analyzed by flow cytometry （FCM）. The morphological changes of apoptosis were observed by fluorescent microscopy. At last the expression of P27kipl, bcl-2 and bax were detected by western blot. Results： Results： In comparison with single agent treatment, the combination of ursolic acid and 5-fluorouracil produced greater efficacy in growth inhibition, cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase, and apoptosis induction （P〈0.05）. Western blot analysis showed that the combination use of ursolic acid and 5-fluorouracil suppressed the expression of bcl-2 and increased the expressions of bax and P27kip1. Conclusion： Ursolic acid combined with 5-fluorouracil showed adjuvant antiproliferative effects on human esophageal carcinoma cell Eca-109 in vitro, which mainly due to the induction of cell cycle arrest as well as apoptosis.
基金Supported by the Research Science Foundation of Henan Province, No. 2000180007
文摘AIM: To investigate the effects of 8-Br-cAMP on differentiation and apoptosis of human esophageal cancer cell line Eca-109, and the related gene expression.METHODS: The cultured Eca-109 cells were divided into four groups: E1 group (co-cultured with 8-Br-cAMP for 24 h); E2 group (co-cultured with 8-Br-cAMP for 48 h); C1 group (treated without 8-Br-cAMP for 24 h); and C2 group (treated without 8-Br-cAMP for 48 h). The same concentration of cell suspension of each group was dropped separately onto the slides and nitrocellulose membranes (NCM). The biotin-labeled cDNA probes for c-myc, wild-type (wt) p53, bcl-2 and iNOS were prepared for in situ hybridization. The expressions of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), p38 kinase, FAS, FasL and caspase-3 were detected using immunocytochemistry, and the NOS activity and the ratio of differentiated cells/proliferating cells were examined by cytochemistry. Immunocytochemistry, cytochemistry,and in situ hybridization were separately carried out on both slides and NCM specimens for each group. In addition, TUNEL was used to detect the cell apoptosis rate in each group.RESULTS: The apoptotic rate of E2 group was significantly higher compared to E1 group, while there was no difference in the ratio of differentiated cells/ proliferating cells between E1 and E2 groups. The signals of wt p53 and iNOS were markedly stronger, while the signals of c-myc and EGFR were obviously weaker in E1 group than those in C1 group (P＜0.05). Moreover, the signals of wt p53, iNOS, p38 kinase, caspase-3 and NOS activity were significantly stronger, whereas, the signals of bcl-2, c-myc and Fas/FasL were markedly weaker in E2 group than those in C2 group (P＜0.05). CONCLUSION: The differentiation and apoptosis of human esophageal cancer cell Eca-109 can be induced after 24- and 48-h treatment with 8-BrcAMP, respectively. Upregulation of wt p53, iNOS and downregulation of c-myc may be associated with differentiation and apoptosis of Eca-109 cells.Furthermore, upregulation of FasL, p38 kinase and caspase-3 as well as downregulation of bcl-2, and Fas may be involved in the apoptosis of Eca-109 cells.
基金Supported by a grant from the Science Research and Development Program of Hebei Province No 062761835
文摘Objective： We explored the mechanism of apoptosis in human esophageal cancer Ecal09 cells by resveratrol. Methods： The suppressive ratio of resveratrol on Ecal09 cells proliferation was evaluated by MTT colorimetric assay and morphology was observed by transmission electron microscope. The expression of survivin and bax was analyzed by RT-PCR and Flow Cytometry （FCM）. Results： Resveratrol inhibited the growth of Ecal09 calls in a dose-and time-dependent man- ner, and the suppressive ratio arrived at 76.42%. Morphological apoptosis could be observed after treated with resveratrol.The bulk of some drug-treated cells turned small and the nuclear chromatin became condensed and rnarginated. The results determined by RT-PCR and FCM showed that resveratrol could down-regulate surviving, while up-regulate bax. Conclusion： Resveratrol could induce the apoptosis of human esophageal cancer Ecal09 cells, and its possible molecular mechanisms might be related to modulation the expression of survivin and bax.
基金Supported by the Henan Medical Science and Technology Innovation Proiect. No. 200084
文摘AIM： To study the role of P38 kinase in esophageal cancer cell apoptosis induced by genotoxin, cisplatin and the unfolded protein response （UPR） inducer, dithiothreitol （DTT）. METHODS： Esophageal carcinoma cell line Eca109 was cultured in RPMI 1640 medium to 70% confluency and treated with either cisplatin, DTT, or cisplatin plus DTT in the presence or absence of P38 inhibitor, SB203580. The untreated cells served as the control. The esophageal carcinoma cell apoptosis was detected by agarose gel DNA ladder analysis and quantified by flow cytometry. The P38 phosphorylation was detected by immunohistochemistry using antibodies specific to phosphorylated P38 protein. RESULTS： （1） Both cisplatin and DTF induced apoptosis in the esophageal cancer cell line Eca109 as shown by DNA ladder formation; （2） As detected by antibodies specific for the phosphorylated P38 protein （p-P38）, both cisplatin and DTT treatments activated the stress-activated enzyme, MAP kinase P38. The number of positive cells was about 50% for the treatment groups, comparing to that of 10% for untreated group. DTF treatment, but not cisplatin treatment, induces nuclear localization of p-P38; （3） As measured by flow cytometry, inhibition of P38 activity by SB203580 blocks DTT- and cisplatin-induced apoptosis. The rates for DTT, cisplatin, and DTT plus cisplatin-induced apoptosis were 16.8%, 17.1%, and 21.4%, respectively. Addition of the SB compound during the incubation reduced the apoptotic rate to about 7.6% for all the treatment groups, suggesting that P38 activation is essential for cisplatin- and DTT-induced apoptosis in Eca109 cells. CONCLUSION： （1） Both DTT and cisplatin were able to induce apoptosis in esophageal cancer cell line Eca109; （2） P38 MAP kinase is essential for DTT- and cisplatininduced apoptosis in Eca109 cells; （3） P38 activation may be the common signaling component relaying the multiple upstream signaling events to the downstream cell death program.
文摘The expression and properties of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in Eca109 cells, a cell line derived fromhuman esophageal cancer were studied with specific inhibition assay and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.The results showed that ALP of Eca109 cells was heat stable and was strongly inhibited by L-pheuylalanine, but slightly inhibited by urea. Preduisolone could causedramatic increase in activity of ALP, but no change in ALP isozyme and concomitant increase in lactic dehydrogenase activity were found after prednisolone treatment. The results suggested that placental alkaline phosphatase as an oncodevelopmental gene product could be expressed ectopically by Eca109 cells and prednisolone could specifically induce increase in its activity.
文摘Vδ1^+γδ T lymphocytes are known to play important roles in anti-tumor immunity.We recently reported an anti-tumor activity of wilfoside C3 N,an active component extracted from Chinese medicinal herbs.In the current study,we evaluated the role of Vδ1^+γδ T cells in C3 N anti-tumor activity using an in vitro cell co-culture model.We found that C3 N induced the ECA109 tumor cells to undergo apoptosis in the presence of Vδ1^+γδ T cells.The level of ECA109 apoptosis maximized when both C3 N and Vδ1 + γδ T cells were present,which correlated with the increased expression of Fas on ECA109 and Fas ligand on Vδ1^+γδ T cells induced by C3 N.In addition,C3 N also enhanced secretion of cytokines,perforin and granzymes by Vδ1^+γδ T cells.These observations suggest that activation of Vδ1^+ γδ T cells may play a critical role in C3N-mediated anti-tumor activity.
文摘目的通过观察用药后COX-2、Bcl-2和Survivin的变化,探讨丹皮酚(paeonol,Pae)诱导Eca-109食管癌裸鼠移植瘤凋亡的机制。方法体外培养食管癌Eca-109细胞,裸鼠皮下接种Eca-109细胞建立裸鼠移植瘤动物模型,36只荷瘤裸鼠随机分为6组,分别为模型对照组、Pae不同剂量组(25、50、100、200mg·kg-1)和阳性药对照组(cisplatin,CD-DP,5mg·kg-1)。治疗2wk后处死裸鼠,剥取瘤体称瘤重并计算抑瘤率。用末端脱氧核苷酸转移酶介导的dUTP缺口末端标记(TUNEL)法检测肿瘤细胞凋亡。免疫组化S-P法检测移植瘤组织COX-2、Bcl-2和Survivin的表达。结果Pae50、100和200mg·kg-1组和CDDP5mg·kg-1组均能明显抑制裸鼠皮下肿瘤的生长,抑瘤率分别为23·54%、27·91%、34·46%和58·71%,与模型组比较差异均有显著性(P<0·05orP<0·01)。TUNEL染色可发现棕褐色的凋亡细胞呈散在或片状分布,Pae各剂量组的凋亡指数(apoptosis index,AI)分别为(11·02±2·58)%、(19·80±2·77)%、(24·48±4·35)%和(27·13±4·39)%,与模型组(4·81±0·83)%比较,差异均有显著性(P<0·05orP<0·01)。免疫组化结果显示,Pae能明显抑制移植瘤组织COX-2、Bcl-2和Survivin的表达(P<0·05 or P<0·01)。结论Pae能抑制Eca-109食管癌裸鼠移植瘤生长、诱导凋亡而发挥抗肿瘤作用,其机制可能与下调COX-2的表达并抑制Bcl-2和Sur-vivin的表达有关。
