Cloning and Sequence Analysis on IGF-1 Gene of Hubei White Swine

[Objective] The study aimed at cloning and analyzing the insulin-like growth factor-1 （IGF-1） gene from liver of Hubei white swine. [Method] The total RNA was extracted by using Trizol from the liver of Hubei white swine and used as template to amplify IGF-1 gene cDNA by RT-PCR. The cDNA product was cloned into pCRII vector, screened with blue-white colonies, digested with double enzymes and sequenced. [Result] The sequencing result indicated that the IGF-1 gene consisted of 607 nucleotides, containing 5＇-untranslated region at nucleotides 1-145, a complete ORF at nucleotides 146-538 encoding 130 amino acids, and 3＇-untranslated region at nucleotides 539-607. It shared 100% homology with the porcine IGF-1 gene reported by Muller et al. [Conclusion] The successful cloning and sequencing of the Hubei white swine IGF-1 gene confirmed that IGF-I gene was highly conserved, which provided technical basis for the use of transgenic technology for breeding of Hubei white swine.

Cloning and Sequence Analysis of Glycoprotein D Gene of Bovine Herpesvirus-1 Strain Luojing

By means of PCR,the gene encoding gD of bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1) strain Luojing was amplified,cloned and sequenced.The nucleotide sequence of this gD gene was (1 251 bp,)encoding 417 amino acids.Comparied with the published P8-2 strain,the homology of the necleotide sequence is 99.92%,and that of the deduced amino acid sequence is 100%.The results indicated that gD of BHV-1 was highly conservative.

Cloning, Sequence Analysis, and Prokaryotic Expression of the Porcine DECR1 Gene

2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase 1 （ DECR1 ） is the key rate-limiting enzyme in the metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Although this protein has been studied in a variety of mammals, its role in por- cine is yet to be fully elucidated. However, it is a candidate determinant/indicator of meat quality, growth traits, and carcass quality. Here, we employed RT-PCR and rapid amplification of cDNA ends （RACE） analysis to amplify the full-length cDNA of DECR1 from Mashen pig liver, and cloned it into the expression vector pET-32a＋. After confirmation by sequencing and restriction analysis, the recombinant plasmid was transformed into E. coli BL21 cells. The cDNA of pig DECR1 contained 2,352 nucleotides, including a 987 bp open reading frame flanked by a 53 bp 5＇-untranslated region （UTR） and a 1,312 bp 3＇-UTR. The pig DECR1 coding sequence encoded 328 amino acid residues, which shared 99%, 88%, 87%, 87%, 87%, 87%, and 83% identity with those of Sus scrofa （predicted）, Bos taurus, Homo sapiens, Macaca mulatta, Pan troglodytes, Equus caballus, Canis, and Mus musculus, respectively. SDS-PAGE analysis revealed that the recombinant protein was expressed and that the expression level reached its highest level after 4 h induction. Western blot analysis indicated that the molecular weight of the expressed protein was the same as that predicted, ap- proximately 35 kDa. Collectively these data provide the basis for further studies into the physiological functions and molecular mechanisms of the pig DE- CR1 gene.

ANALYSIS OF MOTIF IN TCR Vβ HV4 SEQUENCES BINDING SUPERANTIGEN TSST-1

首先对４１种人和小鼠的Ｔ细胞受体β链可变基因编码肽段（Ｖβ）的氨基酸序列进行多序列对准，就Ｖβ之第四高变区（ＨＶ４）片段进行比较，分析与超抗原毒素休克综合征毒素－１（ＴＳＳＴ－１）结合的四种Ｖβ（小鼠Ｖβ３、Ｖβ１５、Ｖβ１７和人Ｖβ２）之ＨＶ４序列内是否存在特定的氨基酸残基排列模式。结果发现：小鼠Ｖβ３和Ｖβ１７的ＨＶ４具有特异的ＲＦＳＡＸＣＸＳＮＳ模式，而小鼠Ｖβ１５和人Ｖβ２的ＨＶ４则含独特的ＫＦＸＩＸＨ模式。提示：与ＴＳＳＴ－１结合的四种Ｖβ所对应的Ｔ细胞识别表位可能不止一个。

Cloning and Sequence Analysis of rbcS Gene of Wild Barley (Hordeum brevisubulatum) under Salt Stress

[Objective] The aim was to study the cloning and sequence analysis of rbcS gene of wild barley under salt stress. [Method] The tender leaf blade of wild barley under salt stress was taken as the experimental material. The primers were designed according to the homology of rbcS gene sequences of wheat and barely in Genbank; then PCR amplification,recovery,ligation,transformation and sequencing of rbcS gene were carried out. [Result] Two rbcS genes including rbcS1 and rbcS2 with the length of 1 252 and 908 bp respectively were cloned from the barely genome. rbcS1 and rbcS2 were both composed by two exons and one intron. The exons length of the two genes was the same of 525 bp,encoding 174 amino acids,and the homology between them was 96%; however,the intron length of rbcS1 and rbcS2 was 448 and 107 bp respectively.

A Comparative Analysis of the New -3(-n) - 1 Remer Conjecture and a Proof of the 3n + 1 Collatz Conjecture

This scientific paper is a comparative analysis of two mathematical conjectures. The newly proposed -3(-n) - 1 Remer conjecture and how it is related to and a proof of the more well known 3n + 1 Collatz conjecture. An overview of both conjectures and their respective iterative processes will be presented. Showcasing their unique properties and behavior to each other. Through a detailed comparison, we highlight the similarities and differences between these two conjectures and discuss their significance in the field of mathematics. And how they prove each other to be true.

ITS1 SEQUENCES OF NUCLEAR RIBOSOMAL DNA IN WILD RICES AND CULTIVATED RICES OF CHINA AND THEIR PHYLOGENETIC IMPLICATIONS

The first internal transcribed spacer(ITS1) of nuclear ribosomal DNA of three wild rice species and two subspecies of cultivated rice, which are distributed in China, was amplified using PCR technique and sequenced with automated fluorescent sequencing. The sequences of ITS1 ranged from 193 bp to 218 bp in size and G/C content varied from 69.3% to 72.7%. In pairwise comparisons among the five taxa, sequence site divergence ranged from 1.5% to 10.6%. Phylogenetic analysis of ITS1 sequences using Wagner parsimony generated a single well resolved tree, which revealed that Oryza rufipogon was much more closely related to cultivated rice species than to the other two wild species. Oryza granulata was less closely related to either cultivated rice species or the other two wild species, and might be a unique and isolated taxon in the genus Oryza. The phylogenetic relationships of the three wild rice species and two cultivated rice subspecies inferred from ITS1 sequences is highly concordant with those based on the molecular evidence from isozyme, chloroplast DNA (cpDNA), mitochondrial DNA(mtDNA) and nuclear DNA (nDNA) of the genus Oryza .

Single-nuclei RNA sequencing uncovers heterogenous transcriptional signatures in Parkinson's disease associated with nuclear receptor-related factor 1 defect

Previous studies have found that deficiency in nuclear receptor-related factor 1(Nurr1),which participates in the development,differentiation,survival,and degeneration of dopaminergic neurons,is associated with Parkinson s disease,but the mechanism of action is perplexing.Here,we first asce rtained the repercussion of knocking down Nurr1 by pe rforming liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry.We found that 231 genes were highly expressed in dopaminergic neurons with Nurr1 deficiency,14 of which were linked to the Parkinson’s disease pathway based on Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis.To better understand how Nurr1 deficiency autonomously invokes the decline of dopaminergic neurons and elicits Parkinson’s disease symptoms,we performed single-nuclei RNA sequencing in a Nurr1 LV-shRNA mouse model.The results revealed cellular heterogeneity in the substantia nigra and a number of activated genes,the preponderance of which encode components of the major histocompatibility Ⅱ complex.Cd74,H2-Ab1,H2-Aα,H2-Eb1,Lyz2,Mrc1,Slc6α3,Slc47α1,Ms4α4b,and Ptprc2 were the top 10 diffe rentially expressed genes.Immunofluorescence staining showed that,after Nurr1knockdown,the number of CD74-immunoreactive cells in mouse brain tissue was markedly increased.In addition,Cd74 expression was increased in a mouse model of Parkinson’s disease induced by treatment with 6-hydroxydopamine.Ta ken togethe r,our res ults suggest that Nurr1 deficiency results in an increase in Cd74 expression,thereby leading to the destruction of dopaminergic neuro ns.These findings provide a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease.

G6P[1]型牛轮状病毒的分离培养及鉴定

目的从轮状病毒阳性的牛粪便标本中,分离出一株G6P[1]型牛轮状病毒(Bovine Rotavirus,BRV),对其进行培养和鉴定。方法用PBS溶液重悬粪便标本并离心,将其上清过滤除菌和胰酶处理后,利用MA104细胞进行分离培养;通过逆转录-聚合酶链式反应(Reverse Transcription-polymerase Chain Reaction,RT-PCR)对样本VP4和VP7基因进行扩增和测序,与GenBank上的参考序列进行同源性分析,构建进化树,分析确定其G/P基因分型。通过聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法(Polyacrylamine Gel Electrophoresis,PAGE)、噬斑实验和电镜(Transmission Electron Microscope,TEM)等技术对分离到的病毒进行鉴定和纯化。绘制病毒生长动力学曲线。结果分离培养了1株BRV毒株,将其命名BLL。VP7和VP4基因测序结果显示此毒株为G6P[1]型轮状病毒。PAGE胶结果显示分离株电泳型为长型,条带呈现A组轮状病毒排列电泳图谱;通过噬斑实验将毒株进行了纯化。电镜检测到典型的轮状病毒颗粒。病毒生长动力学曲线可发现病毒在感染后6 h已经开始复制。结论本研究成功分离到G6P[1]型牛型轮状病毒,为研究G6P[1]型轮状病毒的病原学特征提供实验基础和技术参考。

广西地区1株牛细小病毒1型分离鉴定及遗传进化分析

【目的】了解广西地区牛细小病毒1型(Bovine parvovirus 1,BPV1)的生物学特性及遗传变异情况,为BPV1的防控提供理论依据和支撑。【方法】试验从广西地区养牛场采集409份犊牛腹泻粪便样本,通过BPV1特异引物进行PCR检测,使用牛鼻甲骨细胞(BT)对阳性样品进行病毒分离。收集产生细胞病变效应(cytopathic effect,CPE)的BT细胞上清液,通过PCR扩增、间接免疫荧光(indirect immunofluorescence assay,IFA)、电镜观察等方法进行病毒鉴定。测定BPV1分离株感染BT细胞后不同时间病毒半数组织培养感染剂量(median tissue culture infectious dose,TCID_(50)),绘制病毒多步生长曲线。利用高通量测序获得病毒全基因组序列并对其进行遗传进化分析。【结果】409份粪便样本检测到1例BPV1阳性,阳性率为0.24%。病料接种BT细胞盲传至第3代,可观察到细胞圆缩、弯曲、形成细胞团块、溶解等现象。PCR扩增结果显示,产生CPE细胞上清经PCR扩增可出现特异性条带;电镜可观察到圆形、无囊膜、直径约24 nm的病毒粒子;IFA结果显示,接种分离株的BT细胞内可观察到特异性绿色荧光,成功分离到1株BPV1,命名为GXBS2209。第6代分离株病毒滴度为10^(5.75)TCID_(50)/mL,多步生长曲线显示分离株感染BT细胞后病毒滴度在120 h达到峰值,随后逐渐下降。测序结果显示,分离株基因组全长为5515 bp(GenBank登录号:PP158225),与美国Bovine parvovirus株全基因组序列相似性最高,为98.7%。遗传进化分析结果显示,分离株与Bovine parvovirus株处于同一分支,亲缘关系最近。分离株与参考毒株NS1、VP2基因核苷酸序列相似性分别为98.8%~99.4%、94.4%~98.1%,氨基酸序列相似性分别为98.8%~99.5%、90.3%~99.4%;NS1和VP2序列中各有2和3个氨基酸位点替换。【结论】本研究成功分离到1株BPV1,并对其全基因序列进行分析,为后续BPV1的致病机理、疫苗研究以及疾病防控奠定了基础。

Alterative Expression and Sequence of Human Elongation Factor-1δ during Malignant Transformation of Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells Induced by Cadmium Chloride

Objective To study the alternative expression and sequence of human elongation factor-1δ （human EF-1δ p31） during malignant transformation of human bronchial epithelial cells induced by cadmium chloride （CdCl2） and its possible mechanism. Methods Total RNA was isolated at different stages of transformed human bronchial epithelial cells （16HBE） induced by CdCl2 at a concentration of 5.0 μM. Special primers and probe for human EF-1δ p31 were designed and expression of human EF-18 mRNA from different cell lines was detected with fluorescent quantitative PCR technique. EF-18 cDNA from different cell lines was purified and cloned into pMD 18-T vector followed by confirming and sequencing analysis. Results The expressions of human EF-1δ p31 at different stages of 16HBE cells transformed by CdCl2 was elevated （P〈0.01 or P〈0.05）. Compared with their corresponding non-transformed ceils, the overexpression level of EF-15 p31 was averagely increased 2.9 folds in Cd-pretransformed cells, 4.3 folds in Cd-transformed ceils and 7.2 folds in Cd-tumorigenic cells. No change was found in the sequence of overexpressed EF-1δ p31 at different stages of 16HBE cells transformed by CdCl2. Conclusion Overexpression of human EF-1δ p31 is positively correlated with malignant transformation of 16HBE cells induced by CdCl2, but is not correlated with DNA mutations.

胚胎植入前遗传学检测在阻断常染色体隐性多囊肾病家系多囊肾/多囊肝病变1基因新突变遗传的应用

目的探讨基于二代测序(NGS)技术的单核苷酸多态性(SNP)连锁分析在常染色体隐性遗传性多囊肾病(ARPKD)家系胚胎植入前遗传学检测(PGT)中的应用价值。方法选取1个ARPKD家系,女方孕期产检发现胎儿有多囊肾行引产,胎儿基因检测为多囊肾/多囊肝病变1基因(PKHD1)复合杂合突变c.10444C>T(父源)和c.4303del(母源),其中c.4303del突变为首次报道。采用多重聚合酶链反应(PCR)和NGS在突变位点两侧2M区域内选择335个信息丰富、紧密连锁的SNP位点作为遗传连锁标记,构建夫妇双方携带基因突变的SNP风险单体型。体外受精后行囊胚培养。对活检获得的滋养层细胞进行全基因组扩增(WGA)后,采用Sanger测序直接检测PKHD1基因突变,采用基于NGS的SNP连锁分析鉴别携带突变的染色体,同时进行拷贝数变异(CNV)分析以进行低深度的染色体非整倍性筛查。结果6个活检囊胚中有4个为未携带突变的整倍体,有1个携带杂合突变的嵌合体,1个测序数据波动大,无法判断。选择其中1枚未检测到突变的优质整倍体胚胎进行冻融胚胎移植(FET),足月分娩一健康婴儿。结论应用基于NGS的SNP连锁分析进行PGT具有高效稳定的特点,可有效阻断ARPKD在家系中的垂直传递,同时可避免因妊娠非整倍体胚胎而导致的流产问题。该研究也是首次针对PKHD1基因c.4303del突变的PGT报道。

日本鳗鲡TBK-1基因的克隆及免疫刺激的表达模式

利用PCR技术克隆了日本鳗鲡(Anguilla japonica)TBK-1基因(AjTBK-1),其开放阅读框为2193 bp,编码731个氨基酸。序列结构分析结果显示,AjTBK-1含有4个保守结构域,分别为氨基端激酶结构域,泛素样结构域和羧基端两个卷曲-螺旋结构域。系统发育分析表明,鱼类与四足类的TBK-1各自聚为一枝。实时定量PCR(qPCR)结果显示,AjTBK-1在日本鳗鲡各组织中均有表达。Poly I:C刺激6 h后,日本鳗鲡脾脏组织中AjTBK-1的上调倍数最高,为对照组的1.63倍;迟缓爱德华氏菌(Edwardsiella tarda)感染24 h后,日本鳗鲡肝脏组织中AjTBK-1的上调倍数最高,为对照组的2.2倍:表明AjTBK-1参与了日本鳗鲡抗病毒、抗细菌免疫反应应答。

Analyses of the Sequence and Structure of the BnNIP7;1 Gene in Brassica napus

Rapeseed,the largest oil crop in China,is a boron-loving plant.Boron has an important influence on the growth and development of rapeseed.In this study,four different boron-efficient Brassica napus varieties were used as the material to analyze the structure and sequence of BnNIP7;1 gene,aiming to provide a basis for studying the role of BnNIP7;1 in the absorption and transport of boric acid in rapeseed.The results showed that BnNIP7;1 exists in multiple copies of the Brassica napus genome,consisting of five exons and four introns.There are base insertions,base deletions and more base substitutions in introns.However,there is no base insertion or base deletion in the exon,only a small number of base substitution mutations are present,bringing about three amino acid changes in the encoded protein of BnNIP7;1-ZS9b in Zhongshuang 9.The BnNIP7;1-HY7b of Huayou 7 has an ochre mutation that will lead to a protein of only 47 amino acids,thus losing its function.Bioinformatics indicates that BnNIP7;1 protein is a membrane protein with six transmembrane regions,indicating that it is involved in the absorption and transport of boric acid.

Characterizations of Chinese isolates of Coxiella burnetii in the com1 gene sequence

Objective: To know some genetical characterizations of Coxiella burnetii Chinese isolates by comparing the coml gene sequence. Methods: com1 gene sequences of Chinese isolates were amplified, se-quenced, and analyzed by comparing our result and the previous published data. Results: Three different com1 sequences were identified in 7 Chinese isolates. Sequence comparison indicated that the isolates harboring the QpRS plasmid could be defined as a new group and, in addition, the isolates carrying the same plas-mid type showed similar com1 gene sequence. Conclusion: Study suggests that the classification of the group based on the coml gene sequence is highly associated with the plasmid type of the isolates and, however, little related to disease forms and geographical origins of the isolates.

水牛SFRP 1基因序列分析、真核表达载体构建及组织表达分析

【目的】获取水牛分泌型卷曲相关蛋白1(SFRP1)基因CDS区序列,并预测其编码蛋白的结构功能,构建SFRP 1基因真核表达载体,检测SFRP 1基因在水牛不同组织中的表达情况,为探索SFRP 1基因在水牛生长发育中的作用奠定基础。【方法】以水牛卵巢组织cDNA为模板,通过RT-PCR对SFRP 1基因CDS区序列进行扩增并测序,利用生物信息学在线分析软件对水牛SFRP 1基因与不同物种进行比对和系统进化树构建,并预测SFRP1蛋白理化性质、信号肽、跨膜结构等。将获得的目的基因连接至pCMV-HAhyPBase-mcheery载体并转染至水牛颗粒细胞,检测转染后荧光和基因表达情况。通过实时荧光定量PCR检测水牛不同组织中SFRP 1基因表达情况。【结果】水牛SFRP 1基因CDS区长927 bp,共编码308个氨基酸。多重序列比对结果显示,水牛SFRP 1基因氨基酸序列与黄牛、牦牛、山羊、虎鲸、黑猩猩、北极狐、猫、人、小鼠的相似性分别为100%、100%、99.65%、98.58%、98.23%、98.23%、98.58%、98.23%、96.45%,存在CRD_FZ、NTR_like和DUF3367结构域。水牛SFRP 1基因核苷酸序列与黄牛、绵羊、山羊、牦牛、野牛、马鹿、野骆驼、猪、人的相似性分别为97.3%、95.9%、95.8%、94.5%、94.2%、93.7%、80.4%、78.5%和77.3%。系统进化树结果显示,水牛与黄牛、牦牛、野牛聚为一支。生物信息学分析结果显示,SFRP1蛋白呈碱性,为不稳定蛋白;第1—15位氨基酸处存在信号肽,为分泌型蛋白,存在跨膜结构,主要定位于细胞外;存在21个磷酸化位点和8个O-糖基化修饰位点。二级结构主要由α-螺旋、延伸链和无规则卷曲构成;水牛、黄牛、人的SFRP1蛋白三级结构高度相似。成功构建pCMV-mcheery-SFRP1真核表达载体并转染水牛颗粒细胞,转染72 h后pCMV-mcheery-SFRP1重组质粒组细胞内SFRP 1基因表达量极显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。实时荧光定量PCR结果显示,SFRP 1基因在水牛不同组织中均有表达,且在脾脏中表达量最高,极显著高于其他组织(P<0.01)。【结论】SFRP 1基因在不同物种以及遗传进化过程中具有高保守性,在水牛不同组织中广泛表达。研究结果为今后探究SFRP 1基因在水牛生长发育中的功能及分子机制奠定基础。

猫1型疱疹病毒分离鉴定及部分生物学特性分析

本试验旨在从临床样品中得到猫1型疱疹病毒(feline herpesvirus-1,FHV-1)分离株,为FHV-1疫苗候选毒株的研究奠定基础。从宠物医院采集疑似感染FHV-1的猫的眼鼻拭子,用猫肾细胞(Crandell reese feline kidney,CRFK)进行病毒分离,并进行分离株的遗传进化分析、形态学电镜观察以及动物回归试验等系统评价。结果显示:用CRFK细胞对临床样品进行分离培养,经PCR和间接免疫荧光方法鉴定为FHV-1,并命名为“FHV-ZH2202”株。经高通量测序以及基因参考组装拼接获得病毒的全基因组序列后,将其与国内流行毒株进行SNP分析,发现非同义突变SNP主要集中分布在UL22和US7基因。通过构建系统发育树对FHV-ZH2202与国内外流行株进行分析,FHV-ZH2202株与国内外流行株在UL22基因的同源性较高,但对于US7基因具有相对较远的亲缘性。动物回归试验结果表明,FHV-ZH2202株感染组猫全部发病,出现打喷嚏、眼鼻分泌物等典型症状,但无死亡病例出现。感染后第2天开始,感染组猫通过眼鼻向外界排毒,持续6~8 d。本研究成功分离到1株FHV-1病毒,并对其部分生物学特性进行了鉴定,证明FHV-ZH2202株具有一定的致病性,为FHV-1疫苗候选毒株的研究提供一定的参考。

外周血白细胞ANAPC1表达水平与冠心病的相关性及其诊断价值

目的:探讨外周血白细胞(PBLs)细胞周期末期促复合体亚基1(ANAPC1)表达与冠心病(CHD)的相关性及其诊断价值。方法:从GEO数据库检索基因表达数据集和单细胞RNA测序数据集观察ANAPC1在CHD患者PBLs和其他细胞中的表达情况。通过实时荧光定量PCR(RT-qPCR)法检测和比较70例CHD患者与对照人群ANAPC1的表达水平。用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线和总ROC(SROC)曲线评价ANAPC1对CHD的诊断价值。使用CDB数据库查找ANAPC1的潜在上游转录因子,ANAPC1差异共表达基因通过基因本体论(GO)、疾病本体论(DO)和京都基因和基因组百科全书(KEGG)进行富集分析。结果:GEO数据库分析显示,ANAPC1在CHD患者PBLs中的表达水平降低(总SMD=-0.74,95%CI:-1.36~-0.13),SROC曲线下面积为0.76,灵敏度为0.73,特异度为0.67。临床标本RT-qPCR显示,ANAPC1在CHD患者PBLs中的表达水平降低,ROC曲线下面积为0.71,灵敏度为0.80,特异度为0.61。GEO数据库查找单细胞RNA测序相关数据集发现,ANAPC1在不同时期、不同细胞中的表达量均无明显差异。上游潜在转录因子预测显示,ETS1(SMD=-0.53,95%CI:-0.99~-0.06)、GATA3(SMD=-0.46,95%CI:-0.87~-0.06)可能正向调控ANAPC1的表达,IRAK1(SMD=0.42,95%CI:0.07~0.77)、ERF(SMD=0.27,95%CI:-0.03~0.51)可能负向调控ANAPC1的表达。DO富集分析提示,ANAPC1差异负相关共表达基因与动脉粥样硬化及动脉粥样硬化性心脏病等疾病相关。结论:ANAPC1在CHD患者PBLs中的表达下调与CHD发生、发展呈正相关关系,且对CHD具有一定的诊断价值。

Proteolipid protein 1 gene sequencing of hereditary spastic paraplegia

PCR amplification and sequencing of whole blood DNA from an individual with hereditary spastic paraplegia, as well as family members, revealed a fragment of proteolipid protein 1 （PLP1） gene exon 1, which excluded the possibility of isomer 1 expression for this family. The fragment sequence of exon 3 and exon 5 was consistent with the proteolipid protein 1 sequence at NCBI. In the proband samples, a PLP1 point mutation in exon 4 was detected at the basic group of position 844, T→C, phenylalanine→leucine. In proband samples from a male cousin, the basic group at position 844 was C, but gene sequencing signals revealed mixed signals of T and C, indicating possible mutation at this locus. Results demonstrated that changes in PLP1 exon 4 amino acids were associated with onset of hereditary spastic paraplegia.

Mutation analysis of related genes in hamartoma polyp tissue of Peutz-Jeghers syndrome

BACKGROUND Peutz-Jeghers syndrome(PJS)is a rare disease with clinical manifestations of pigmented spots on the lips,mucous membranes and extremities,scattered gastrointestinal polyps,and susceptibility to tumors.The clinical heterogeneity of PJS is obvious,and the relationship between clinical phenotype and genotype is still unclear.AIM To investigate the mutation status of hereditary colorectal tumor-associated genes in hamartoma polyp tissue of PJS patients and discuss its relationship with the clinicopathological data of PJS.METHODS Twenty patients with PJS were randomly selected for this study and were treated in the Air Force Medical Center(former Air Force General Hospital)PLA between 2008 and 2017.Their hamartoma polyp tissues were used for APC,AXIN2,BMPR1A,EPCAM,MLH1,MLH3,MSH2,MSH6,MUTYH,PMS1,PMS2,PTEN,SMAD4,and LKB1/STK11 gene sequencing using next-generation sequencing technology.The correlations between the sequencing results and clinical pathological data of PJS were analyzed.RESULTS Fourteen types of LKB1/STK11 mutations were detected in 16 cases(80.0%),of which 8 new mutations were found(3 types of frameshift deletion mutations:c.243delG,c.363_364delGA,and c.722delC;2 types of frameshift insertions:c.144_145insGCAAG,and c.454_455insC;3 types of splice site mutations:c.464+1G>T,c.464+1G>A,and c.598-1G>A);9 cases(45.0%)were found to have 18 types of heterozygous mutations in the remaining 13 genes except LKB1/STK11.Of these,MSH2:c.792+1G>A,MSH6:c.3689C>G,c.4001+13C>CTTAC,PMS1:c.46C>t,and c.922G>A were new mutations.CONCLUSION The genetic mutations in hamartoma polyp tissue of PJS are complex and diverse.Moreover,other gene mutations in PJS hamartoma polyp tissue were observed,with the exception of LKB1/STK11 gene,especially the DNA mismatch repair gene(MMR).Colorectal hamartoma polyps with LKB1/STK11 mutations were larger in diameter than those with other gene mutations.