Numerical simulation and analysis of drill rods vibration during roof bolt hole drilling in underground mines

Structural deterioration in the roof in an underground mine can easily cause roof fall, and deterioration is difficult to detect. When drilling holes for roof bolts, there is a relationship between the vibration of the drill rod and the properties of the rock being drilled. This paper analyzes transverse, longitudinal, and torsional vibrations in the drill rod by using vibration theory. Characteristic indexes for three kinds of vibration are determined. Using the finite element analysis software ABAQUS, a model for drill rod vibration during the drilling of roof bolt holes was established based on the geological and mining conditions in the Guyuan Coal Mine, northern China. Results from the model determined that the transverse and the longitudinal vibration decrease as the rock hardness decreases. In descending order, sandstone,sandy mudstone, mudstone, and weak interbeds cause progressively less vibration when being drilled.The ranking for strata that cause decreasing torsional vibration is slightly different, being, in descending order, mudstone, sandstone, sandy mudstone, and weak interbeds. These results provide a theoretical basis for predicting dangerous roof conditions and the presence of weak interbeds to allow for adjusting bolt support schemes.

Stability and vibration of a helical rod with circular cross section in a viscous medium

The stability and vibration of a thin elastic helical rod with circular cross section in a viscous medium are discussed. The dynamical equations of the rod in the viscous medium are established in the Frenet coordinates of the centreline with the Euler angles describing the attitudes of the cross section as variables. We have proved that the Lyapunov and Euler conditions of stability of a helical rod in the space domain are the necessary conditions for the asymptotic stability of the rod in the time domain. The free frequencies and damping coefficients of torsional and flexural vibrations of the helical rod in the viscous medium are calculated.

Stability and vibration of a helical rod constrained by a cylinder

The stability and vibration of an elastic rod with a circular cross section under the constraint of a cylinder is discussed. The differential equations of dynamics of the constrained rod are established with Euler＇s angles as variables describing the attitude of the cross section. The existence conditions of helical equilibrium under constraint are discussed as a special configuration of the rod. The stability of the helical equilibrium is discussed in the realms of statics and dynamics, respectively. Necessary conditions for the stability of helical rod are derived in space domain and time domain, and the difference and relationship between Lyapunov＇s and Euler＇s stability concepts are discussed. The free frequency of flexural vibration of the helical rod with cylinder constraint is obtained in analytical form.

Vertical vibration of a large diameter pipe pile considering transverse inertia effect of pile

Considering the transverse inertia effect of pile, the vertical soil layer is studied. The wave propagations in the outer and inner soil dynamic response of a large diameter pipe pile in viscoelastic are simulated by three-dimensional elastodynamic theory and those in the pile are simulated by Rayleigh-Love rod theory. The vertical and radial displacements of the outer and inner soil are obtained by utilizing Laplace transform technique and differentiation on the governing equations of soils. Then, based on the continuous conditions between the pile and soils, the displacements of the pile are derived. The frequency domain velocity admittance and time domain velocity response of the pile top are also presented. The solution is compared to a classical rod model solution to verify the validity. The influences of the radii and Poisson ratio of pile on the transverse inertia effect of pile are analyzed. The parametric study shows that Poisson ratio and outer radius of pile have significant influence on the transverse inertia effect of large diameter pipe piles, while the inner radius has little effect.

Diagnosis and Treatment of the Vibration Fault of a Gas Turbine 6300kW

A gas turbine in a certain gas company didn't work normally because of its strong vibration.Although this turbine had been balanced repeatedly at low speed, the vibration amplitude and unbalance weight of the machine changed irregularly. The causes and characteristics of the vibration are discussed. According to the change of the critical speed and the characteristics of vibration, it is found that the vibration is caused by weakness of the tight force on the central rod of the rotor and the oil whirl of the back bearing of the compressor. After clearing these faults and balancing the rotor of the compressor at high speed, the turbine worksnormally again.

ON THE EQUAL-THICKNESS VARI-CROSS-SECTION ULTRASONIC FLEXURAL VIBRATION ROD

For designing the thick equal-cross-section ultrasonic flexural vibration rod, the Timoshenko Theory works satisfactorily. For the vari-cross-section ultrasonic flexural vibration rod, however, there has not been an accurate and convenient design theory to date. That is, no frequency equation is available. In the present study, we extend the Timoshenko Theory to the vari-cross-section rod. For equal-thickness vari-cross-section exponent-mode rods, the frequency equation was derived. Experiments were carried out to verify the equation. The theoretical calculation shows good agreement with the experi-

On dynamics of elastic rod based on exact Cosserat model

The analysis of kinematics and dynamics of an elastic rod with circular cross section is studied on the basis of exact Cosserat model under consideration of the tension and shear deformation of the rod. The dynamical equations of a rod with arbitrary initial shape are established in general form. The dynamics of a straight rod under axial tension and torsion is discussed as an example. In discussion of static stability in the space domain the Greenhill criteria of stability and the Euler load are corrected by the influence of tension and shear strain. In analysis of dynamical stability in the time domain it is shown that the Lyapunov and Euler stability conditions of the rod in space domain are the necessary conditions of Lyapunov＇s stability in the time domain. The longitudinal, torsional and lateral vibrations of a straight rod based on exact model are discussed, and an exact formula of free frequency of lateral vibration is obtained. The free frequency formulas of various simplified models, such as the Rayleigh beam, the Kirchhoff rod, and the Timoshenko beam, can be seen as special cases of the exact formula under different conditions of simplification.

Changes in the natural frequency of a ferromagnetic rod in a magnetic field due to magnetoelastic interaction

Based on the magnetoelastic generalized variational principle and Hamilton＇s principle, a dynamic theoretical model characterizing the magnetoelastic interaction of a soft ferromagnetic medium in an applied magnetic field is developed in this paper. From the variational manipulation of magnetic scale potential and elastic displacement, all the fundamental equations for the magnetic field and mechanical deformation, as well as the magnetic body force and magnetic traction for describing magnetoelastic interaction are derived. The theoretical model is applied to a ferromagnetic rod vibrating in an applied magnetic field using a perturbation technique and the Galerkin method. The results show that the magnetic field will change the natural frequencies of the ferromagnetic rod by causing a decrease with the bending motion along the applied magnetic field where the magnetoelastic buckling will take place, and by causing an increase when the bending motion of the rod is perpendicular to the field. The prediction by the mode presented in this paper qualitatively agrees with the natural frequency changes of the ferromagnetic rod observed in the experiment.

控制杆-强制旋转对圆柱涡激振动的抑制作用研究

为实现圆柱涡激振动的高效抑制,本文基于控制杆-强制旋转组合结构讨论圆柱涡激振动的抑制问题。对低雷诺数下的圆柱涡激振动进行数值模拟研究,对比分析不同控制杆数量和圆柱转速比下的流场特性、振动响应和流体力响应等。结果表明:与裸圆柱相比,控制杆具有一定的涡激振动抑制效果;对于三、五控制杆,通过调节转速比,可以实现最高98%的圆柱振幅抑制(对三控制杆,转速比为0.4~0.6;对五控制杆,转速比为0~0.2);圆柱振幅抑制与圆柱减阻区间相同;对于四、六控制杆,旋转对振幅抑制的影响较小;主圆柱表面的漩涡脱落和漩涡的合并会引起流体力系数的高幅波动,导致圆柱高振幅响应;没有漩涡合并和圆柱表面脱涡不明显时,流体力系数则无明显波动,圆柱振幅也显著降低。

重型燃气轮机拉杆组合转子热瞬变振动特性研究

重型燃气轮机冷态启动的稳速升负荷阶段,常出现轮盘间径向变形不协调导致的相对滑移,拉杆组合转子会发生振动随燃气轮机转子温度的增加而显著变化的热瞬变振动现象。建立了周向拉杆组合转子平面摩擦带止口配合结构轮盘相对滑移的力学模型,包括平面摩擦、周向拉杆和止口与轮盘相对滑移的力学模型。以某型重型燃气轮机拉杆组合转子为研究对象,对其冷态启动过程中出现的热瞬变振动进行了分析,根据轮盘相对滑移的规律,通过减小轮盘间的变形不协调,并适当增加止口配合的过盈量的方法,成功优化了该重型燃气轮机拉杆组合转子冷态启动过程中的热瞬变振动。

邮轮开敞区域典型杆件风致噪声特性数值研究

[目的]旨在研究邮轮开敞区域典型杆件产生的风致噪声。[方法]基于计算流体动力学(CFD)联合声类比法、声振耦合法开展气动噪声与风致振动噪声的数值模拟,探究上述两种噪声产生机理及特性。[结果]结果显示,在不同风速下,圆杆、方杆、椭圆杆的气动噪声最大值频率由脱涡频率主导,风致振动噪声最大值频率由结构固有频率主导。3种不同截面形状杆件产生的气动噪声总体上大于风致振动噪声,且方杆的气动噪声最大。当杆件脉动压力频率接近固有频率时,在大柔度下风致振动噪声会接近甚至超过气动噪声。[结论]设计邮轮开敞区域典型杆件时应选择圆形杆件而避免使用方形杆件,且合理选择杆件尺寸,尽量避免杆件脱涡频率与固有频率接近,以此降低风致噪声。

基于POD方法的EPR燃料棒流致振动特性分析

EPR(European pressurized reactor)燃料棒相比M310燃料棒的棒长更长,导致其频率降低、幅值增大,在冷却剂的作用下,会加剧格架与棒束之间微动磨损(grid-to-rod fretting,GTRF),进而造成放射性物质的泄漏.将EPR燃料棒简化为3D梁模型,将刚凸和弹簧对燃料棒的约束等效为弹性约束,将带格架的燃料棒简化为多跨连续简支梁模型,然后基于ANSYS-APDL建立了EPR燃料棒的有限元模型.阐述了湿模态分析和湍流激振响应分析的基本原理,整理了12个格架失效工况,系统地研究了格架失效对湿模态和湍流激振响应的影响.针对EPR燃料棒流致振动问题,提出了采用本征正交分解(proper orthogonal decomposition,POD)原理分析EPR燃料棒流致振动特性的方法,通过对快照矩阵进行POD分解生成投影子空间,将湍流激振响应投影到子空间进行模型降阶,最后在物理空间快速地重构湍流激振响应.结果表明:格架失效会导致频率降低,且湍流激振响应的幅值会在格架失效处增大;当格架失效使得EPR燃料棒模型成为悬臂梁结构时,湍流激振响应最大;前2阶POD降阶模型基本能快速重构燃料棒的湍流激振响应,且误差非常小.文章的研究将有助于核反应堆工程的优化和设计.

含柔性连杆的曲柄滑块机构动力学分析与实验研究

为了研究柔性连杆、带有固体润滑涂层MoS_2的铰链接触副对含间隙铰链机构的动力学特性的影响规律,以曲柄滑块机构为研究对象,使用Adams软件进行数值仿真分析,研究了柔性连杆材料、铰链间隙、铰链接触副材料和铰链接触副表面固体润滑涂层对曲柄滑块机构动力学特性的影响。通过搭建与数值仿真参数一致的含间隙铰链的曲柄滑块试验台,试验验证了柔性大的连杆、较小的间隙值、接触刚度较小的接触副材料能够减小机构的振动,带有涂层的铰链能够有效减小接触面的磨损量。试验结果和数值仿真结果较为一致,能够有效的反应各种工况对含间隙机构的影响规律,为固体润滑涂层在航天领域中含间隙铰链接触副展开机构的减振抗冲击研究提供理论基础和试验依据。

定向井抽油杆柱纵横扭耦合振动仿真研究

抽油杆柱是由接箍与抽油杆通过螺纹连接组成的细长杆柱。对抽油杆柱动力学行为的研究是预防抽油杆柱失效破坏,降低油井运行成本的基础。针对抽油杆柱的纵横扭耦合振动,提出杆管摩擦力产生的绕轴扭矩是扭转振动的激励这一观点。考虑摩擦力对杆柱纵横扭耦合振动的影响,建立了具有初弯曲的定向井抽油杆柱在顶端位移激励、底端载荷激励、弯曲井眼轨道激励与油管约束条件下的纵横扭耦合振动仿真模型。采用四阶龙格-库塔法实现了对仿真模型的求解和对杆柱动力学行为的仿真模拟。仿真结果表明:杆柱的纵横扭耦合振动对杆柱纵向、横向振动仿真结果均有影响,相对来说对纵向振动的影响并不明显;油井造斜段的杆管接触力大,杆柱受压段的杆管碰撞严重,因此油井的造斜段与杆柱的受压段为杆管偏磨的危险点;正常预紧情况下,杆柱的扭转振动不足以导致抽油杆柱脱扣,但当接箍螺纹预紧力降至杆柱的最大扭矩以下后,扭转振动即可能导致抽油杆柱脱扣。

基于振动信号的控制棒驱动机构滚轮早期故障诊断研究

针对现有研究未充分关注控制棒驱动机构(control rod drive mechanism,CRDM)的早期故障诊断问题、很难将故障特征定位至具体部件以及人工引入的故障样本与装备实际故障特征存在差异等不足,提出了一种基于振动信号的CRDM滚轮早期故障诊断方法:首先,利用寿命考核试验时机采集了某密封磁阻马达式CRDM的滚轮全寿命振动信号,基于经验模态分解(empirical mode decomposition,EMD)和Hilbert变换方法进行解调分析,获得与滚轮退化状态相关的模态成分;然后,采用时、频域分析方法获得了11个能够直接表征CRDM滚轮磨损状态的特征量,并根据退化趋势提取出与实际故障特征高度吻合的早期故障样本;最后,分别基于BP神经网络和支持向量机两种方法实现了CRDM滚轮早期故障的多特征智能诊断。结果表明:提取的滚轮早期磨损故障样本与实际运行过程保持了较好的一致性,证明所提CRDM滚轮早期故障诊断方法具有较强的工程应用价值。

软硬交错倾斜煤层下煤矿钻孔机器人钻杆系统振动特性研究

煤矿钻孔机器人钻杆系统振动特性的研究是钻进轨迹预测及控制的重要前提。考虑水平钻进过程中钻杆系统与煤层交互约束的复杂机制,搭建煤矿钻孔机器人钻进实验平台及振动监测系统,开展不同软硬煤层及煤层倾斜角度下的水平钻进实验;采用经验模态分解方法对采集数据进行分解、滤波和重构处理,以消除噪声干扰,进而研究软硬交错倾斜煤层下钻孔机器人钻杆系统振动特性。研究结果表明:钻孔机器人无论是在硬→中硬→软煤层还是软→中硬→硬煤层中钻进,钻杆系统的纵向、横向、扭转振动幅度均随煤层倾斜角度的增大而增大;同一煤层倾斜角度下,钻孔机器人在软→中硬→硬煤层中钻进较在硬→中硬→软煤层中钻进时,钻杆系统的纵向、横向及扭转振动幅度更大;煤层倾斜角度较小时,软硬交错煤层对钻杆系统振动特性的影响较大,煤层倾斜角度较大时,煤层倾斜角度对振动特性的影响大于软硬交错煤层的影响;较大的砂石对钻杆系统振动产生一定影响。

关于核电厂压力容器顶盖热套管磨损下沉导致控制棒卡涩问题的研究

热套管在国内被认为是控制棒驱动机构的部件之一,其吊挂在驱动机构密封壳底部,采用非固定式安装结构形式。欧美核工业界一般把热套管视为压力容器顶盖的内部构件之一,对控制棒驱动杆起导向作用,同时对顶盖贯穿件起保护作用。在冷却剂的流动冲击下,热套管会发生振动并与密封壳底部互相磨损,致使热套管下沉甚至断裂,从而可能会导致控制棒卡涩。此类问题对于我国M310及其改进型机组具有较高的反馈价值。本文将分析国内外核电厂压力容器顶盖热套管磨损下沉导致控制棒卡涩问题的研究现状、事件原因和维修策略,并提出合理建议。

Free longitudinal vibrations of non-uniform rods

Free longitudinal vibrations of non-uniform rods are investigated by a proposed method, which results in a series solution. In a special case, with the proposed method an exact solution with a concise form can be obtained, which imply four types of profiles with variation in geometry or material properties. However, the WKB (Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin) method leads to a series solution, which is a Taylor expansion of the results of the proposed method. For the arbitrary non-uniform rods, the comparison indicates that the WKB method is simpler, but the convergent speed of the series solution resulting from the pro-posed method is faster than that of the WKB method, which is also validated numerically using an exact solution of a kind of non-uniform rods with Kummer functions.

一种航空涡轮发动机传动零件轴转子的加工方法研究

某航空涡轮发动机传动零件轴转子在加工过程中让刀现象严重,刀具磨损过快,叶片加工尺寸不稳定,叶片表面容易形成振纹。为了解决这一问题,介绍了一种加工工艺,并给出了合适的刀具选择。

基于板-梁理论的FGM矩形截面杆扭转振动的理论研究

基于板-梁理论和Saint-Venant扭转理论的研究成果,将纵向位移假设为含有待定系数的表达式,通过几何方程推导了功能梯度材料矩形截面杆的总应变能方程,并利用最小应变能原理确定待定系数,得到自由扭转刚度的理论公式。在此基础上对矩形截面杆的自由振动出现纯扭转模态时的动能进行研究,求出在夹支条件下的扭转振动时的动能表达式、总势能的表达式及频率表达式。利用有限元软件ANSYS建立具有功能梯度材料特性的矩形截面杆的扭转振动的有限元模型,通过后处理命令查看对应边界条件的振动频率。通过有限元软件验证表明:基于板-梁理论推导得出的理论解与有限元解吻合较好,最大误差在4%以内。