Timosaponin AⅢ induces drug-metabolizing enzymes by activating constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) via dephosphorylation of the EGFR signaling pathway

The current study aimed to assess the effect of timosaponin AⅢ(T-AⅢ)on drug-metabolizing enzymes during anticancer therapy.The in vivo experiments were conducted on nude and ICR mice.Following a 24-day administration of T-AⅢ,the nude mice exhibited an induction of CYP2B10,MDR1,and CYP3A11 expression in the liver tissues.In the ICR mice,the expression levels of CYP2B10 and MDR1 increased after a three-day T-AⅢ administration.The in vitro assessments with HepG2 cells revealed that T-AⅢ induced the expression of CYP2B6,MDR1,and CYP3A4,along with constitutive androstane receptor(CAR)activation.Treatment with CAR siRNA reversed the T-AⅢ-induced increases in CYP2B6 and CYP3A4 expression.Furthermore,other CAR target genes also showed a significant increase in the expression.The up-regulation of murine CAR was observed in the liver tissues of both nude and ICR mice.Subsequent findings demonstrated that T-AⅢ activated CAR by inhibiting ERK1/2 phosphorylation,with this effect being partially reversed by the ERK activator t-BHQ.Inhibition of the ERK1/2 signaling pathway was also observed in vivo.Additionally,T-AⅢ inhibited the phosphorylation of EGFR at Tyr1173 and Tyr845,and suppressed EGF-induced phosphorylation of EGFR,ERK,and CAR.In the nude mice,T-AⅢ also inhibited EGFR phosphorylation.These results collectively indicate that T-AⅢ is a novel CAR activator through inhibition of the EGFR pathway.

Acupuncture at Back-Shu point improves insomnia by reducing inflammation and inhibiting the ERK/NF-κB signaling pathway

BACKGROUND Insomnia is a disease where individuals cannot maintain a steady and stable sleep state or fail to fall asleep.Western medicine mainly uses sedatives and hypnotic drugs to treat insomnia,and long-term use is prone to drug resistance and other adverse reactions.Acupuncture has a good curative effect and unique advantages in the treatment of insomnia.AIM To explore the molecular mechanism of acupuncture at Back-Shu point for the treatment of insomnia.METHODS We first prepared a rat model of insomnia,and then carried out acupuncture for 7 consecutive days.After treatment,the sleep time and general behavior of the rats were determined.The Morris water maze test was used to assess the learning ability and spatial memory ability of the rats.The expression levels of inflammatory cytokines in serum and the hippocampus were detected by ELISA.qRTPCR was used to detect the mRNA expression changes in the ERK/NF-κB signaling pathway.Western blot and immunohistochemistry were carried out to evaluate the protein expression levels of RAF-1,MEK-2,ERK1/2 and NF-κB.RESULTS Acupuncture can prolong sleep duration,and improve mental state,activity,diet volume,learning ability and spatial memory.In addition,acupuncture increased the release of 1L-1β,1L-6 and TNF-αin serum and the hippocampus and inhibited the mRNA and protein expression of the ERK/NF-κB signaling pathway.CONCLUSION These findings suggest that acupuncture at Back-Shu point can inhibit the ERK/NF-κB signaling pathway and treat insomnia by increasing the release of inflammatory cytokines in the hippocampus.

滋水清肝饮对慢性束缚应激抑郁小鼠海马ERK、GSK3β、CREB、BDNF蛋白表达的影响

目的基于ERK/GSK-3β/CREB/BDNF信号通路探究滋水清肝饮对慢性束缚应激(CRS)抑郁小鼠的作用。方法除空白组外,其余小鼠建立CRS抑郁模型,造模成功后分为模型组、盐酸氟西汀组(10 mg/kg)和滋水清肝饮低、中、高剂量组(8.835、17.670、35.340 g/kg),给予相应剂量药物干预,同时继续进行CRS处理。给药7、14 d进行糖水偏好实验及行为学实验。给药14 d后,HE染色观察小鼠海马组织形态学改变,采用试剂盒检测血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和丙二醛(MDA)水平,ELISA法检测血清5-羟色胺(5-HT)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白介素-1β(IL-1β)水平,RT-qPCR法检测海马组织BDNF、TNF-α、IL-1βmRNA表达,Western blot法检测海马组织ERK1/2、p-ERK1/2、GSK3β、p-GSK3β、CREB、BDNF蛋白表达。结果与模型组比较,给药14 d后,盐酸氟西汀组和滋水清肝饮中剂量组小鼠糖水偏好率升高(P<0.01),悬尾不动时间和强迫游泳不动时间缩短(P<0.01),海马组织神经细胞损伤有所改善,血清MDA、TNF-α、IL-1β水平降低(P<0.05,P<0.01),SOD活性和5-HT水平升高(P<0.05,P<0.01),海马组织TNF-α、IL-1βmRNA表达降低(P<0.01),BDNF mRNA和p-ERK1/2、p-GSK3β、CREB、BDNF蛋白表达升高(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论滋水清肝饮可改善慢性束缚应激小鼠抑郁样行为,其机制可能与调节小鼠海马ERK/GSK3β/CREB/BDNF信号通路有关。

Endogenous hydrogen sulfide and ERK1/2-STAT3 signaling pathway may participate in the association between homocysteine and hypertension

Background Homocysteine(Hcy)is a risk factor for hypertension,although the mechanisms are poorly understood.Methods We first explored the relationship between Hcy levels and blood pressure(BP)by analyzing the clinical data of primary hypertensive patients admitted to our hospital.Secondly,we explored a rat model to study the effect of Hcy on blood pressure and the role of H2S.An hyperhomocysteinemia(HHcy)rat model was induced to explore the effect of Hcy on blood pressure and the possible mechanism.We carried out tissue histology,extraction and examination of RNA and protein.Finally,we conducted cell experiments to determine a likely mechanism through renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system(RAAS)and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2(ERK1/2)signaling pathway.Results In primary hypertensive inpatients with HHcy,blood pressure was significantly higher as compared with inpatient counterparts lacking HHcy.In the rat model,blood pressure of the Wistar rats was significantly increased with increases in serum Hcy levels and decreased after folate treatment.Angiotensin converting enzyme 1(ACE1)expression in the Wistar Hcy group was enhanced comparing to controls,but was decreased in the Wistar folate group.Angiotensin II receptor type 1(AGTR1)levels in the kidney tissue increased in the Wistar folate group.Both serum H2S and kidney cystathionineγ-lyase decreased with elevated levels of serum Hcy.In vitro,increased concentrations and treatment times for Hcy were associated with increased expression of collagen type 1 and AGTR1.This dose and time dependent response was also observed for p-STAT3 and p-ERK1/2 expression.Conclusion Endogenous H2S might mediate the process of altered blood pressure in response to changes in serum Hcy levels,in a process that is partly dependent on activated RAAS and ERK1/2-STAT3 signaling pathway.

MEK/ERK signaling pathway in apoptosis of SW620 cell line and inhibition effect of resveratrol

Objective:To study the involvement of MAPK MEK/ERK signaling transduction pathway in the apoptosis process of SW620 tumor cell line and the inhibition effect of resveratrol.Methods:SW620 cell lines were divided into 5 groups,namely,control group.PD98059 group,low-dose resveratrol group,mid-dose resveratrol group and high-dose resveratrol group.The inhibition rate of cell proliferation was detected by MTT method.The expression of apoptotic molecules and MEK/ERK signaling pathway related proteins were assayed by realtime PCR and Western blotting.Results:Compared with control group,the proliferation of cells treated with resveratrol was significantly inhibited.In the case of apoptotic molecules,the expression of Bax,Caspase 3 and Caspase 9 was increased significantly while the expression of anti-apoptotic molecule Bcl2 was decreased significantly in resveratrol groups with a dosedependent manner.In the case of molecules in MEK/ERK signaling pathway,the expression of Ras,Raf,MEK and ERKl/2 was decreased significantly in resveratrol groups with a dose-dependent manner.Conclusions:PD98059 and resveratrol can effectively inhibit the proliferation of SW620 through inhibiting the MEK/ERK signaling pathway.

The role of ERK1/2 signaling pathway in coronary microembolization-induced rat myocardial inflammation and injury

Objectives In this work,we explore the effect of atorvastatin on myocardial apoptosis and caspase-8 acti- vation after coronary microembolization(CME) in rats. Methods Fifty rats were randomly divided into five groups; the coronary microembolization(CME) group,the sham-operated (sham) control group,the gastric lavage control group, the atorvastatin lavage group,and the caspasse-8 inhibitor (N-acetyl-Ile-Glu-Thr-Asp-CHO,abbreviated as CHO) group,with 10 rats for each group.A microembolization ball was injected through the left ventricle for constructing the CME model.Animals in the sham control group were given an injection of physiological saline instead of the microembolization ball.Seven days before the operation,the atorvastatin group underwent gastric lavage with 20 mg/kg of atorvastatin once a day.Gastric lavage control animals underwent gastric lavage with an equivalent dose of physiological saline instead of the atorvastatin.Animals in the CHO group were given an intraperitoneal injection of 10 mg/kg of CHO 30 min before the operation.Six hours after the operation,cardiac ultrasonic detection was conducted on each group to measure the cardiac function indexes.TUNEL(Terminal-deoxynucleoitidyl transferase mediated dUTP nick end labeling) assays were used to measure myocardial apoptosis,and western blots were used to quantify the expression levels of activated caspase-3 and -8.Results(1) The echocardiographic parameters showed that,compared to the sham control animals,the left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF) of the CME group was significantly decreased(P【0.05).In addition, cardiac sonography revealed a decrease in the left ventricular shortening fraction(FS) and cardiac output(CO), but an increase in the left ventricular end-diastolic dimension (LVEDd).Compared to the CME group,the atorvastatin and CHO groups exhibited significantly improved cardiac function (P【0.05).(2) When compared with the sham control,the myocardical apoptotic rate of the CME group,as well as the levels of activated caspase-3 and-8,increased significantly (P【0.05).The myocardial apoptotic rate,as well as the levels of activated caspase-3 and caspase-8 in the atorvastatin and CHO groups,decreased significandy(P【0.05) in comparison to the CME group.Conclusions The atorvastatin pretreatment clearly suppressed post-CME myocardial apoptosis and improved cardiac function.The most likely mechanism for these effects is the blockade of the myocardial death receptor -mediated apoptosis pathway.

Irisin Attenuates Osteoarthritis by Inhibiting Apoptosis of Osteocytes Through Activating Erk Signaling Pathway

Osteoarthritis(OA)is an inflammatory disease involving the joints that is prevalent in the global aging population.The purpose of this study is to determine whether irisin can attenuate osteoarthritis(OA)progression in anterior cruciate ligament transection(ACLT)mice models and the mechanism of irisin therapy effect on OA by increase the resistance of apoptosis in MLO-Y4 cells induced by mechanical stretch in vitro.Methods For in vivo study,3-month-old male C57BL/6 J mice were randomized to three groups,sham-operated,anterior cruciate ligament transection(ACLT)-operated treated with vehicle,and ACLT-operated treated with irisin by intraperitoneal injection once a week.Cartilage erosion was observed by HE staining.Osteoarthritis Research Society International(OARSI)scores were evaluated according to the safranin O stai-ning.The microstructure of tibia cortical bone,trabecular bone,and subchondral bone was analyzed by micro-CT and the bone histomorphometry has been administrated including mineral apposition rate(MAR).Edu staining and cck-8 were used for the detection of the proliferation of MLO-Y4 cells.For mechanical stress,cells were seeded on the collagen-I coated chamber subjected with a peak biaxial stretch of 20%at 1 Hz for 16 hours to induce apoptosis.Flow cytometry was used for the detection of apoptosis and cell cycle.TUNNEL was used for staining the apoptotic cells and rt-PCR was applied for quantifying the expression of mRNA such as Bax,Bcl-2,SOST,c-myc,Opg.Western blot was utilized to confirm the mechanism of how irisin decrease the osteocyte apoptosis.Results In vivo,irisin can attenuate articular cartilage degeneration.Irisin maintains the proportion of hyaline cartilage and calcified cartilage and keep fewer cartilage erosions in ACLT-operated mice.For immunohistochemical(IHC)staining,irisin reduced the expression of caspase3,Bax and matrix metalloproteinase-13 in both cartilage and subchondral bone.Irisin-treated ACLT group shows higher Trabecular number(Tb.N)and bone volume fraction(BV/TV)compared to the vehicle-treated ACLT group.In vitro, irisin significantly increased the proliferation of MLO-Y4 cells detected by Edu and Ki67 staining,and irisin can protect the cells from both mechanical stretchinduced apoptosis detected by FITC-PI flow cytometry and maintain the cell activity by regulating the expression of Bax,Bcl-2,and c-myc.Transcriptome sequencing shows that irisin significantly activates the MAPK signaling pathway and we confirm the result by western blot:irisin effectively activates the Erk signaling pathway through phosphorylation and has a certain activation effect on p38 signaling pathway,no activation was observed for FAK signaling pathway.Conclusions Irisin can attenuate the progression of OA by decrease the apoptosis of osteocyte,which can improve the microarchitecture of subchondral bone.Erk pathway activation plays an important role in reducing the apoptosis of osteocyte.

Maleylated-BSA induces TNF-α production through the ERK and NF-κB signaling pathways in murine RAW264.7 macrophages

Ligands for macrophage scavenger receptors are reported to induce a wide range of host cell responses, including the production of inflammatory cytokines;however, the underlying mechanisms have not yet been fully understood and which remain obscure. In this study, we have examined the effect of maleylated bovine serum albumin (maleylated-BSA), a well-known ligand of the scavenger receptor, on the murine macrophage cell line RAW264.7. Maleylated-BSA strongly induced the production of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and NF-kB p65. We also observed that maleylated-BSA-induced TNF-α production was blocked by the ERK inhibitor U0126. Together, these data demonstrates that maleylated-BSA- induced production of TNF-α requires the ERK/NF-κB signaling cascade in murine RAW- 264.7 macrophages.

褪黑素对小鼠抑郁样行为和BDNF-ERK-CREB信号通路的作用

目的:探讨褪黑素(MEL)对慢性束缚应激(CRS)诱导的小鼠抑郁样行为的影响及其机制。方法:将48只SPF级雄性C57BL/6J小鼠随机分成对照组(n=12)和CRS组(n=36),再将CRS组分为CRS+vehicle、CRS+氟西汀(FLX)和CRS+MEL三个亚组(n=12)。CRS组小鼠经14 d的CRS建模后明确抑郁样行为的变化,随后给予14 d的药物干预和CRS后再次检测行为学变化。取脑组织进行尼氏染色、RT-qPCR、Western blot及免疫荧光染色。结果:与对照组相比,CRS组小鼠体重增长显著下降,强迫游泳实验和悬尾实验不动时间显著增加,糖水消耗量显著减少,旷场实验中央停留时间和中央运动距离均显著缩短(P<0.01)。与CRS+vehicle组相比,CRS+FLX组和CRS+MEL组CRS诱导的小鼠抑郁样行为被显著逆转,额叶皮层和海马中脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)、细胞外信号调节激酶(ERK)和cAMP反应元件结合蛋白(CREB)的mRNA水平,以及BDNF、磷酸化ERK1/2和CREB蛋白水平均显著升高(P<0.01)。尼氏染色结果显示,CRS+vehicle组小鼠神经元排列不规则,尼氏小体数量减少(P<0.01),而CRS+FLX组和CRS+MEL组小鼠神经元状态显著改善(P<0.01)。免疫荧光染色结果显示,与对照组相比,CRS+vehicle组小鼠额叶皮层和海马CA1区的c-Fos阳性细胞数量均显著增加(P<0.01);与CRS+vehicle组相比,CRS+FLX组和CRS+MEL组小鼠额叶皮层和海马CA1区的c-Fos阳性细胞数量均显著减少(P<0.01)。结论:MEL能够显著缓解CRS诱导的小鼠抑郁样行为,其机制可能与激活BDNF-ERK-CREB信号通路有关。

奥美沙坦酯对AMI大鼠血管内皮功能和ERK／CREBmRNA表达的干预

目的研究奥美沙坦酯对急性心肌梗死(acute myocardial infarction,AMI)大鼠的内皮功能和细胞外信号调节激酶(extracellular signal-regulated kinase,ERK)/cAMP反应元件结合蛋白(cAMP response element binding protein,CREB)信号通路的干预。方法将40只大鼠随机分为AMI组、奥美沙坦酯低剂量(olmesartan medoxomil low dose,OML)组、奥美沙坦酯高剂量(olmesartan medoxomil high dose,OMH)组和假手术(Sham)组,干预2周后处死,检测血压,血NO、AngⅡ含量,NOS活性,离体胸主动脉条片舒缩功能,MI面积及梗死区心肌中ERK、CREB mRNA表达水平。结果与Sham组比较,AMI组血清NO含量、NOS活性降低,胸主动脉内皮依赖性舒张(endothelium-dependent diastole,EDD)功能减退,血浆AngⅡ含量升高,伴心肌组织ERK、CREB mRNA表达增加,差异有显著性。经奥美沙坦酯干预后,血清NO含量、NOS活性升高达Sham组水平,胸主动脉EDD显著改善,同时呈剂量依赖性升高血浆AngⅡ含量,缩小MI面积,降低ERK、CREB mRNA表达,而各组血压并无明显差异。结论奥美沙坦酯在不影响血压的前提下显著改善AMI后内皮功能紊乱(Endothelial dysfunction,ED),缩小MI面积,并可呈剂量依赖性降低AMI大鼠心肌ERK、CREB mRNA表达。

对药酸枣仁-合欢花对抑郁模型大鼠学习记忆能力及BDNF-MEK-ERK-CREB细胞信号转导通路的影响

目的:观察对药酸枣仁-合欢花对抑郁模型大鼠学习记忆能力及脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)-丝裂原细胞外激酶(MEK)-细胞外信号调节蛋白激酶(ERK)-环磷腺苷反应元件结合蛋白(CREB)信号转导通路的影响,探讨对药酸枣仁(SZS)-合欢花(AJF)抗抑郁作用的机制。方法:将雄性SD大鼠按随机数字表法分为正常组(control)、模型组(CUMS)、对药酸枣仁-合欢花组(SZS+AJF)、盐酸文拉法辛组(Venlafaxine)、PD184161组(PD),采用孤养加慢性不可预知性温和应激(CUMS)复制抑郁症大鼠模型,并用Morris水迷宫实验评价各组大鼠不同时间学习记忆能力的改变。应用ELISA法测定血清BDNF水平,应用real time RT-PCR法测海马CREB、BDNF mRNA表达,应用Western Blot法测定海马ERK、p-ERK、p-RSK及p-CREB蛋白表达。结果:与Control组比较,CUMS组大鼠学习记忆能力下降(从第14 d开始有统计学意义,P <0. 05或P <0. 01),血清BDNF含量减少(P <0. 01),海马CREB、BDNF mRNA和ERK、p-ERK、p-RSK、p-CREB蛋白表达量减少(P <0. 05或P <0. 01)。与CUMS组比较,SZS+AJF组、Venlafaxine组、PD组大鼠学习记忆能力提高(从第14 d开始有统计学意义,P <0. 05或0. 01),血清BDNF含量增加(P <0. 05),海马CREB、BDNF mRNA和ERK、p-ERK、p-RSK、p-CREB蛋白表达量增加(P <0. 05或P <0. 01)。与SZS+AJF组比较,PD组大鼠学习记忆能力减少(第21 d有统计学意义,P <0. 05),血清BDNF含量减少(P <0. 05),海马CREB、BDNF mRNA和ERK、p-ERK、p-RSK、p-CREB蛋白表达降低(P <0. 05)。结论:对药酸枣仁-合欢花能够提高抑郁模型大鼠的学习记忆能力,具有抗抑郁效应,其作用机制可能与提高抑郁模型大鼠BDNF-MEK-ERK-CREB信号转导通路的关键因子表达有关。

坎地沙坦酯干预对AMI大鼠血管内皮功能及心肌ERK、CREB mRNA的影响

目的探讨坎地沙坦酯(CAN)干预对大鼠急性心肌梗死(AMI)后内皮功能及梗死心肌胞外信号调节激酶(ERK)mRNA和cAMP反应元件结合蛋白(CREB)mRNA表达的影响。方法 30只动物被随机分为CAN组、假手术(Sham)组和AMI组。干预2周后,测量血压、血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)、血一氧化氮合酶(NOS)、一氧化氮(NO)的水平、离体胸主动脉舒缩功能、梗死面积及ERK、CREB的mRNA在梗死区心肌中的表达水平。结果 AMI组较Sham组血浆AngⅡ水平显著升高、血清NO、NOS水平明显降低。同时内皮依赖性舒张(EDD)功能减退、梗死区心肌ERK、CREB的mRNA表达明显增加。CAN治疗后,血清NO、NOS水平升高至Sham组水平,同时升高血浆AngⅡ水平、缩小心肌梗死面积、降低梗死区心肌中ERK、CREB的mRNA表达,伴EDD功能明显改善,但组间血压并无明显差别。结论 CAN显著改善AMI后内皮功能紊乱(ED),缩小心肌梗死面积,降低AMI大鼠心肌ERK、CREBm RNA表达。

氯胺酮对疼痛抑郁共病大鼠海马ERK/CREB信号通路的影响

目的研究氯胺酮对疼痛抑郁共病大鼠海马ERK/CREB信号通路的影响。方法将38只大鼠随机分为对照组(n=10)和造模组(n=28),造模组采用牛Ⅱ型胶原-完全弗氏佐剂注射。采用机械缩足反应阈值测定(MWT)、强迫游泳实验(FST)判断造模成功后,将模型组随机平均分为氯胺酮组和生理盐水组。采用MWT、FST检测氯胺酮对疼痛抑郁共病的治疗作用。采用免疫印迹法检测大鼠海马组织中磷酸化的ERK1/2、CREB蛋白表达量。结果与生理盐水组比较,氯胺酮组大鼠的FST不动时间缩短,MWT阈值增加(P均<0.05)。氯胺酮组大鼠海马p ERK1/2、p CREB表达量均明显高于生理盐水组(P<0.05)。结论氯胺酮能够有效改善疼痛抑郁共病大鼠的疼痛及抑郁症状,其作用机制可能与海马ERK/CREB信号通路有关。

ERK-CREB信号通路在白藜芦醇预处理对大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤神经保护中的作用

目的探讨细胞外信号调节激酶-cAMP反应元件结合蛋白(ERK-CREB)信号通路在白藜芦醇(Res)预处理对局灶性脑缺血再灌注大鼠海马神经元保护中的作用。方法雄性SD大鼠45只,随机均分为假手术(Sham)组、缺血再灌注(I/R)组、Res预处理(Res+I/R)组。采用线栓法阻断大脑中动脉血供90 min,拔出栓线造成局部脑区缺血再灌注损伤。Res+I/R组缺血前1 h腹腔注射Res(30 mg/kg)。缺血再灌注后第5天,TUNEL法原位标记海马不同区域内凋亡的神经元细胞,免疫组化法检测海马不同区域内ERK1/2及CREB的磷酸化水平。结果 TUNEL染色结果显示,与I/R组相比较,Res预处理明显减少脑缺血再灌注损伤所引起的大鼠海马CA1区神经元凋亡(P<0.05),但对DG区差异无显著性;免疫组化结果显示,与I/R组相比,Res预处理使海马CA1区ERK1/2、CREB磷酸化水平显著升高(P<0.05),但对DG区差异无显著性。结论缺血前1 h Res预处理对局灶性脑缺血大鼠海马神经元凋亡具有保护作用,其主要作用机制可能是通过激活ERK-CREB信号通路进而抑制凋亡有关。

复方抗焦虑胶囊对急性应激大鼠的抗焦虑作用及对大鼠脑内ERK/CREB信号通路和BDNF表达的影响

目的研究复方抗焦虑胶囊对急性应激大鼠的药效及其对大鼠脑皮层及海马ERK/CREB信号通路、脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)的影响。方法采用高架十字迷宫实验,观察了复方抗焦虑胶囊低、中、高剂量(0.75、1.5、3 g·kg^(-1))给药7d对急性应激大鼠行为的影响,采用Western blot免疫印迹法研究复方抗焦虑胶囊对ERK/CREB信号通路的影响,对急性应激大鼠脑皮层及海马BDNF表达的影响。结果高架十字迷宫实验显示,复方抗焦虑胶囊高剂量组可明显增加大鼠进入开臂时间的百分数(OT%)(P<0.05)和进入开臂次数的百分数(OE%)(P<0.05)。Western blot实验显示,复方抗焦虑胶囊中剂量组明显减少了海马中p-ERK1/2的表达(P<0.05);高剂量组明显减少了大鼠皮层和海马中p-ERK1/2和p-CREB的表达(P<0.05)。高剂量组明显增加了大鼠皮层及海马中BDNF的表达水平(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论复方抗焦虑胶囊在高架十字迷宫模型中具有抗焦虑作用,且其抗焦虑机制可能与影响ERK/CREB信号通路,增加BDNF表达有关系。

补阳还五汤对去势脑缺血雌性大鼠海马神经干细胞增殖及ERK/CREB信号通路的影响

目的探讨补阳还五汤对去势脑缺血雌性大鼠海马神经干细胞(neural stem cells,NSCs)增殖及ERK/CREB信号通路的影响。方法采用双侧卵巢切除术(OVX)结合大脑中动脉阻塞(MCAO)法复制去势雌性大鼠脑缺血复合模型,将造模后的36只大鼠随机分为双假手术组、复合模型组、雌激素组、雌激素+G15组、补阳还五汤组及补阳还五汤+G15组6组,每组6只,术后24 h给予相应药物灌胃连续干预14 d,同时每天腹腔注射Brd U、G15分别标记增殖细胞和阻断GPER-1。采用免疫荧光Brd U/Nestin双标法检测各组大鼠缺血侧海马齿状回NSCs增殖情况,免疫组化SP法检测ERK1/2、CREB1磷酸化蛋白表达水平。结果补阳还五汤组和雌激素组缺血侧海马DG区Brd U/Nestin双标阳性细胞及p ERK1/2、p CREB1阳性细胞表达均增加,与复合模型组比较有显著性差异(P<0.05),但补阳还五汤组要多于雌激素组(P<0.05)。与补阳还五汤组比较,补阳还五汤+G15组缺血侧海马DG区Brd U/Nestin双标阳性细胞及及p ERK1/2、p CREB1阳性细胞表达均减少(P<0.05)。结论补阳还五汤可以促进去势脑缺血雌性大鼠缺血侧海马DG区神经干细胞增殖,激活ERK/CREB信号通路,可能是其发挥类雌激素作用、促进内源性神经再生作用机制之一。

Estrogen up-regulates MMP2/9 expression in endometrial epithelial cell via VEGF-ERK1/2 pathway

Objective:To study the effect of estrogen on anovulatory dysfunctional uterine bleeding(ADUB).Methods:Primary endometrial epithelial cells of Hainan Lizu female was cultured and hydrolylic activity of gelalinase was determined by gelatin zymography analysis.Cellular mRNA and protein synthesis was blocked respectively to determine whether the increased expression of MMP-2/9 was induced by estrogen.The expression of VEGF was blocked by siRNA.After treatment with various factors.MMP-9,VEGF,total Erk and phosphorylated Erk expression in primary uterine epithelial cells was detected by Western blotting analysis.Cell MMP-2/9mRNA levels was measured by real-time RT-PCR.Results:The activity and expression of MMP2/9 was inereased in the endometrium of patients with ADUB.Estrogen could up-regulate the expression of VEGF and activate Erk 1/2-Elk1 signal path.After interference by siRNA,ERK1/2 pathway was blocked in cells,and the expression of MMP-2/9 was down-regulated.ERK1/2 specific blocker U0126 blocked ERK phosphorylation,and it could down-regulate the expression of MMP-2/9.Conclusions:The results showed that the estrogen can increase the expression of VEGF,and thus activate ERK1/2 pathway to induce MMP-2/9 expression.

Protective effects of Yishen Sanjie Huayu compound on the renal artery disease in rats with IgA nephropathy through ERK/NF-κB pathway

Objective:To observe the effect of Yishen Sanjie Huayu compound prescription on ERK/NF-κB signaling pathway in IgA nephropathy(IgAN)rats,and explore its effect on preventing and treating IgA nephropathy intrarenal arteriole disease.Methods:Fifty-five male SD rats were randomly divided into blank group,model group,ShenfukangⅡcapsule group and Losartan potassium tablet group.Bovine serum albumin(BSA)was used for intragastric administration and carbon tetrachloride(CCl4).IgAN rat model was established by subcutaneous injection and lipopolysaccharide(LPS)tail vein injection.ShenfukangⅡcapsule group and Losartan potassium tablet group were given each drug suspension 2ml/head/d one week after modeling Gavage was started.The blank group and the model group were given an equal volume of normal saline.The 24h urine protein(UTP)of the rats was measured at 4,8,and 12 weeks after the administration,and the blood creatinine(SCr)was measured after 12 weeks.,urea nitrogen(BUN),aldosterone(ADS),angiotensinⅡ(AngⅡ),immunohistochemical Envi-sion System two-step method to detect vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)and human matrix in the whole rat kidney and small artery area The expression of metalloproteinase-9(MMP-9),proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA),extracellular regulatory protein kinase(ERK)1/2,nuclear transcription factor-κB(NF-κB),and the small arteries of rat kidney tissue The intima,media,vessel wall/vascular outer diameter value.Results:Compared with the model group,the expressions of VEGF,MMP-9,PCNA,ERK1/2 and NF-κB in kidney tissues of the ShenfukangⅡcapsule group and the Losartan potassium tablet group decreased(P<0.05),24hUTP and SCr,BUN level decreased(P<0.05),kidney tissue damage was alleviated;intima and vessel wall/vascular outer diameter values were significantly reduced(P<0.01),there was no significant difference in ADS between the groups.The AngⅡof the Tanpotassium tablets group was lower than that of the model group(P<0.05).Conclusion:Yishen Sanjie Huayu compound can inhibit the ERK/NF-κB signaling pathway in rats with IgA nephropathy,reduce the levels of VEGF,MMP-9,PCNA,ERK1/2,NF-κB,and inhibit intrarenal arteriole vascular endothelial cells Proliferate and reduce kidney damage.

Effect of Guizhi Fuling Pill combined with GnRH analog on cell proliferation and invasion as well as MEK/ERK pathway in endometriosis lesions

Objective: To study the effect of Guizhi Fuling Pill combined with gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog (GnRH-a) on cell proliferation and invasion as well as MEK/ERK pathway in endometriosis lesions. Methods: Patients who were diagnosed with endometriosis in Bazhong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine between November 2014 and March 2017 were selected as the research subjects and randomly divided into two groups, observation group received preoperative Guizhi Fuling Pill combined with GnRH analog therapy, and control group received preoperative GnRH analog monotherapy. After surgical resection, the endometriosis lesion was collected to determine the mRNA expression of proliferation and invasion-related genes as well as the protein expression of MEK/ERK pathway molecules. Results: Id-1, Sema3A, c-IAP1, OPN and uPA mRNA expression as well as p-MEK, p-EKR1/2, caspase-3 and MMP2 protein expression in endometriosis lesion of observation group were significantly lower than those of control group while Bak, Smac, PAI-1, TIMP1 and TIMP2 mRNA expression as well as caspase-3 protein expression were significantly higher than those of control group. Conclusion: Guizhi Fuling Pill combined with GnRH analog can inhibit the cell proliferation and invasion as well as the MEK/ERK pathway activation in endometriosis lesions.

Cytokine receptor-like factor 1(CRLF1)promotes cardiac fibrosis via ERK1/2 signaling pathway

Cardiac fibrosis is a cause of morbidity and mortality in people with heart disease.Anti-fibrosis treatment is a significant therapy for heart disease,but there is still no thorough understanding of fibrotic mechanisms.This study was carried out to ascertain the functions of cytokine receptor-like factor 1(CRLF1)in cardiac fibrosis and clarify its regulatory mechanisms.We found that CRLF1 was expressed predominantly in cardiac fibroblasts.Its expression was up-regulated not only in a mouse heart fibrotic model induced by myocardial infarction,but also in mouse and human cardiac fibroblasts provoked by transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1).Gain-and loss-of-function experiments of CRLF1 were carried out in neonatal mice cardiac fibroblasts(NMCFs)with or without TGF-β1 stimulation.CRLF1 overexpression increased cell viability,collagen production,cell proliferation capacity,and myofibroblast transformation of NMCFs with or without TGF-β1 stimulation,while silencing of CRLF1 had the opposite effects.An inhibitor of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2(ERK1/2)signaling pathway and different inhibitors of TGF-β1 signaling cascades,comprising mothers against decapentaplegic homolog(SMAD)-dependent and SMAD-independent pathways,were applied to investigate the mechanisms involved.CRLF1 exerted its functions by activating the ERK1/2 signaling pathway.Furthermore,the SMAD-dependent pathway,not the SMAD-independent pathway,was responsible for CRLF1 up-regulation in NMCFs treated with TGF-β1.In summary,activation of the TGF-β1/SMAD signaling pathway in cardiac fibrosis increased CRLF1 expression.CRLF1 then aggravated cardiac fibrosis by activating the ERK1/2 signaling pathway.CRLF1 could become a novel potential target for intervention and remedy of cardiac fibrosis.