Promoting direct policy communication between policy makers and the public is both an important function of government annual reports (GARs) and a key issue in democratic politics.According to this survey,conducted in...Promoting direct policy communication between policy makers and the public is both an important function of government annual reports (GARs) and a key issue in democratic politics.According to this survey,conducted in 19 major cities in China,to promote the policy communication function of the GARs the government should make full use of changes in public policy communication habits and the convergence of public policy preferences in different groups while dealing with routine problems such as “public opinion deficits” and “being popular among the institutional staff but unnoticed the non-institutional staff.”展开更多
In May 2019,the 15th anniversary of Latvia’s membership in the European Union is celebrated.Apart from purely economic results,membership in the European Union undoubtedly also affects the functioning of the state pu...In May 2019,the 15th anniversary of Latvia’s membership in the European Union is celebrated.Apart from purely economic results,membership in the European Union undoubtedly also affects the functioning of the state public administration system.The EU encourages to maximise the rational use of human resources,ensure the efficient functioning of institutions,and provide modern,high-quality,and convenient services to the population,while reducing the administrative burden and simplifying the regulatory framework.At the same time,even after 15 years,the assessment of the impact of Latvia’s membership in the EU is rather hypothetical,since the evaluation of the actual impact of integration and joining the European Union has been largely fragmented.At this paper,the author focuses on analysing the possible methodology which can be used for assessing Latvia’s integration process in the European Union.The impact assessment method has also found its way of being applied to the process of European integration.In the context of this integration,the impact assessment aims to provide with information on the political,economic,social,and environmental impact of implementing the Community policy or certain regulations and directives.The author wants to stress that the EU integration is not the only area where impact assessment method could be applied in the public governance.This method can(and actually is)widely used for evaluation of different public policy strategies and programs.This paper deals with case research using the“comparative research on public management policy”proposed by Michael Barzelay.Its purpose is to understand the changes in public administration policy by using case studies.Barzelay suggests using one of the models—the Kingdon’s model,the Baumgartner and Jones’s model,or Levitt and March’s model allowing one to analyse the public policy-making process.展开更多
Influenza burden: Influenza imposes a major burden on people and public health systems, causing millions of severe cases and up to one million deaths annually. Much of this burden is borne by those aged 65 or over, ch...Influenza burden: Influenza imposes a major burden on people and public health systems, causing millions of severe cases and up to one million deaths annually. Much of this burden is borne by those aged 65 or over, children under 2 years of age and people with non-communicable chronic diseases, such as heart and lung conditions and diabetes. In the elderly, influenza can have longer-term effects beyond acute infection, with some facing increased disability and care requirements. Prevention: Taking into account the growing elderly population worldwide and their susceptibility to non-communicable conditions as well as rising healthcare costs, public health policies are increasingly focusing on disease prevention strategies and promotion of healthy ageing initiatives. Influenza vaccination has an important role to play in these approaches. Immunization of high-risk groups is recommended by public health organizations, both internationally and locally within many countries. However, although vaccines are considered the most effective method for preventing influenza, many high-risk people remain unvaccinated. Improving vaccination rates: In recent years, research has focused on increasing vaccine coverage. The results demonstrate the key role healthcare professionals play in encouraging immunization, alongside factors such as communication, education and financial support for vaccination. Paradoxically, although vaccination recommendations often include healthcare professionals and studies demonstrate the potential protection offered to workers and patients, many remain unvaccinated. As a result, a growing number of organizations, particularly in North America, are implementing policies requiring vaccination of healthcare pro fessionals as a patient safety measure. In summary: Influenza vaccination has a key role to play in helping to protect the health of the growing elderly population, reduce the burden associated with non-communicable diseases and decrease the annual toll on public health. Improving vaccination levels relies on the support of healthcare professionals, and increasingly healthcare professional immunization is considered an integral part of patient care.展开更多
Objectives:People increasingly search for health information through the media and make decisions about their health based on these health stories.The mainstream media,including newspapers,are often the first source f...Objectives:People increasingly search for health information through the media and make decisions about their health based on these health stories.The mainstream media,including newspapers,are often the first source for the public to obtain health information.This study aims to assess the health stories reported in the health edition of People's Daily in 2019 with four tools of the Media Doctor Toolkit(MDT),which can be an effective tool to evaluate the quality of public health stories.Based on the results,we attempt to address the gap in media coverage in terms of reporting on public health issues,and promote media to display the image of medical staff objectively,both of which can improve relationship of doctors,nurses and patients.Methods:A prospective quantitative analysis of the quality of health stories reported in the health edition of People's Daily from 1 February to September 31,2019 was conducted.Forty-eight articles were collected and divided into four groups according to the MDT standards.Four rating tools were adapted from the MDT to assess the quality of the groups with corresponding criteria.Results:Forty-eight unique health stories were assessed with four MDT rating tools.The mean total satisfactory score was 80%.Health advice had the highest average satisfactory score,84%,compared with health policy group and public health problems and their solutions,at 80%and 77%,respectively.Health news group had the lowest score at 73%.Conclusion:This study provides a description of the quality of health stories on People's Daily.The overall quality of People's Daily was fairly good,although there was a wide range of quality between groups.The health edition of People's Daily covers a wide range of health topics such as new medical methods,doctorpatient relationship,advanced nursing practice,lifestyle change of health promotion etc.which promote excellence in providing the latest health information,representing medical staff image,resolve the disharmonious factors in the relationship between doctors and patients,and creating a good medical environment for the public.The findings of this study also provide insight into problems in health reporting of People's Daily.展开更多
The FAIR Guidelines were conceptualised and coined as guidelines for Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable(FAIR) data at a conference held at the Lorentz Centre in Leiden in 2014. A relatively short period ...The FAIR Guidelines were conceptualised and coined as guidelines for Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable(FAIR) data at a conference held at the Lorentz Centre in Leiden in 2014. A relatively short period of time after this conference, the FAIR Guidelines made it onto the public policy agenda of the European Union. Following the concept of Kingdon, policy entrepreneurs played a critical role in creating a policy window for this idea to reach the agenda by linking it to the policy of establishing a European Open Science Cloud(EOSC). Tracing the development from idea to policy, this study highlights the critical role that expert committees play in the European Union. The permeability of the complex governance structure is increased by these committees, which allow experts to link up with the institutions and use the committees to launch new ideas. The High Level Expert Groups on the EOSC provided the platform from which the FAIR Guidelines were launched, and this culminated in the adoption of the FAIR Guidelines as a requirement for all European-funded science. As a result, the FAIR Guidelines have become an obligatory part of data management in European-funded research in 2020 and are now followed by other funders worldwide.展开更多
基金sponsored by “Study on Policy Commitment,Information Disclosure and Signal Transmission Effects of Government Annual Reports”(14BGL116),a project of the National Social Science Fund of Chinaby the “special fund for basic scientific research of Jinan University”(15JNZK002)
文摘Promoting direct policy communication between policy makers and the public is both an important function of government annual reports (GARs) and a key issue in democratic politics.According to this survey,conducted in 19 major cities in China,to promote the policy communication function of the GARs the government should make full use of changes in public policy communication habits and the convergence of public policy preferences in different groups while dealing with routine problems such as “public opinion deficits” and “being popular among the institutional staff but unnoticed the non-institutional staff.”
文摘In May 2019,the 15th anniversary of Latvia’s membership in the European Union is celebrated.Apart from purely economic results,membership in the European Union undoubtedly also affects the functioning of the state public administration system.The EU encourages to maximise the rational use of human resources,ensure the efficient functioning of institutions,and provide modern,high-quality,and convenient services to the population,while reducing the administrative burden and simplifying the regulatory framework.At the same time,even after 15 years,the assessment of the impact of Latvia’s membership in the EU is rather hypothetical,since the evaluation of the actual impact of integration and joining the European Union has been largely fragmented.At this paper,the author focuses on analysing the possible methodology which can be used for assessing Latvia’s integration process in the European Union.The impact assessment method has also found its way of being applied to the process of European integration.In the context of this integration,the impact assessment aims to provide with information on the political,economic,social,and environmental impact of implementing the Community policy or certain regulations and directives.The author wants to stress that the EU integration is not the only area where impact assessment method could be applied in the public governance.This method can(and actually is)widely used for evaluation of different public policy strategies and programs.This paper deals with case research using the“comparative research on public management policy”proposed by Michael Barzelay.Its purpose is to understand the changes in public administration policy by using case studies.Barzelay suggests using one of the models—the Kingdon’s model,the Baumgartner and Jones’s model,or Levitt and March’s model allowing one to analyse the public policy-making process.
文摘Influenza burden: Influenza imposes a major burden on people and public health systems, causing millions of severe cases and up to one million deaths annually. Much of this burden is borne by those aged 65 or over, children under 2 years of age and people with non-communicable chronic diseases, such as heart and lung conditions and diabetes. In the elderly, influenza can have longer-term effects beyond acute infection, with some facing increased disability and care requirements. Prevention: Taking into account the growing elderly population worldwide and their susceptibility to non-communicable conditions as well as rising healthcare costs, public health policies are increasingly focusing on disease prevention strategies and promotion of healthy ageing initiatives. Influenza vaccination has an important role to play in these approaches. Immunization of high-risk groups is recommended by public health organizations, both internationally and locally within many countries. However, although vaccines are considered the most effective method for preventing influenza, many high-risk people remain unvaccinated. Improving vaccination rates: In recent years, research has focused on increasing vaccine coverage. The results demonstrate the key role healthcare professionals play in encouraging immunization, alongside factors such as communication, education and financial support for vaccination. Paradoxically, although vaccination recommendations often include healthcare professionals and studies demonstrate the potential protection offered to workers and patients, many remain unvaccinated. As a result, a growing number of organizations, particularly in North America, are implementing policies requiring vaccination of healthcare pro fessionals as a patient safety measure. In summary: Influenza vaccination has a key role to play in helping to protect the health of the growing elderly population, reduce the burden associated with non-communicable diseases and decrease the annual toll on public health. Improving vaccination levels relies on the support of healthcare professionals, and increasingly healthcare professional immunization is considered an integral part of patient care.
文摘Objectives:People increasingly search for health information through the media and make decisions about their health based on these health stories.The mainstream media,including newspapers,are often the first source for the public to obtain health information.This study aims to assess the health stories reported in the health edition of People's Daily in 2019 with four tools of the Media Doctor Toolkit(MDT),which can be an effective tool to evaluate the quality of public health stories.Based on the results,we attempt to address the gap in media coverage in terms of reporting on public health issues,and promote media to display the image of medical staff objectively,both of which can improve relationship of doctors,nurses and patients.Methods:A prospective quantitative analysis of the quality of health stories reported in the health edition of People's Daily from 1 February to September 31,2019 was conducted.Forty-eight articles were collected and divided into four groups according to the MDT standards.Four rating tools were adapted from the MDT to assess the quality of the groups with corresponding criteria.Results:Forty-eight unique health stories were assessed with four MDT rating tools.The mean total satisfactory score was 80%.Health advice had the highest average satisfactory score,84%,compared with health policy group and public health problems and their solutions,at 80%and 77%,respectively.Health news group had the lowest score at 73%.Conclusion:This study provides a description of the quality of health stories on People's Daily.The overall quality of People's Daily was fairly good,although there was a wide range of quality between groups.The health edition of People's Daily covers a wide range of health topics such as new medical methods,doctorpatient relationship,advanced nursing practice,lifestyle change of health promotion etc.which promote excellence in providing the latest health information,representing medical staff image,resolve the disharmonious factors in the relationship between doctors and patients,and creating a good medical environment for the public.The findings of this study also provide insight into problems in health reporting of People's Daily.
基金VODAN-Africathe Philips Foundation+2 种基金the Dutch Development Bank FMOCORDAIDthe GO FAIR Foundation for supporting this research
文摘The FAIR Guidelines were conceptualised and coined as guidelines for Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable(FAIR) data at a conference held at the Lorentz Centre in Leiden in 2014. A relatively short period of time after this conference, the FAIR Guidelines made it onto the public policy agenda of the European Union. Following the concept of Kingdon, policy entrepreneurs played a critical role in creating a policy window for this idea to reach the agenda by linking it to the policy of establishing a European Open Science Cloud(EOSC). Tracing the development from idea to policy, this study highlights the critical role that expert committees play in the European Union. The permeability of the complex governance structure is increased by these committees, which allow experts to link up with the institutions and use the committees to launch new ideas. The High Level Expert Groups on the EOSC provided the platform from which the FAIR Guidelines were launched, and this culminated in the adoption of the FAIR Guidelines as a requirement for all European-funded science. As a result, the FAIR Guidelines have become an obligatory part of data management in European-funded research in 2020 and are now followed by other funders worldwide.
