On the Unipolar Generator: An Experimental and Theoretical Study

When studying the phenomenon of the induced electromotive force, which originates from Faraday’s unipolar inductor, the contrast between Faraday’s view of the magnetic field dynamic lines and the theory of relativity is revealed. In order to remove this contradiction, this phenomenon was studied in depth, theoretically and experimentally, using an experimental setup similar to Faraday’s. Calculations of the induced electromotive force, based on relativity on the one hand and on Faraday’s view on the other were made with the help of measurements of the magnetic field components. Accurate magnetic field measurements are confirmed by analytical calculations. Precise-induced electromotive force measurements confirmed Faraday’s view and contradicted the theory of relativity.

The Experiences of the Elderly and Caregivers in Respect of Caring for the Elderly in Windhoek and Rehoboth Namibia: An Exploratory and Descriptive Study

In many instances, care for the elderly, especially in long-term care institutions, is provided under minimal supervision by caregivers who are lay people. This can lead to poor quality care or neglect of the elderly. The research question was: “How competent are lay caregivers for the elderly in old age homes, who often lack the opportunity for training to improve their knowledge and skills, in delivering care to the elderly? The aims of the study were to explore and describe the experiences of both the caregivers and the elderly in respect of caring for the elderly in old age homes. The objectives of the study were to explore and describe the experiences of the caregivers and the elderly with respect to caring for the elderly and in respect of nursing care they received. A qualitative, explorative, descriptive, contextual and phenomenology design was used to perform this study. In the situational analysis, the experiences and needs of the caregivers were described. Themes in terms of interpersonal relationships that could be positive or negative regarding the elderly were identified. These included lack of regular in-service training sessions for caregivers. Likewise, sub-themes like communication, support and caring for elderly people were revealed. Inadequate knowledge of caregivers in caring procedures, a shortage of staff, equipment and absence of policies which should support and guide the work of caregivers impacts negatively on the care of the elderly. From the experiences of the elderly and caregivers, the competencies under scrutiny emerged and were measured qualitatively by the perceptions of the elderly, in respect of the caring they were exposed to.

How Vaginal Infections Impact Women’s Everyday Life <br/>—Women’s Lived Experiences of Bacterial Vaginosis and Recurrent Vulvovaginal Candidiasis

Reoccurring symptoms and persistent problems that continue post treatment can be characteristic of the vaginal infections Bacterial Vaginosis (BV) and recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (RVVC). The purpose of this study was to describe women’s life experiences in managing the symptoms of bacterial vaginosis and Candida. Sixteen women were recruited and participated in an interview study when they contacted a Swedish gynecology clinic with vaginal complaints that ranged from and included abnormal discharge, irritation itching along with serious malodor. An interpretive phenomenological approach was used with an individual interview to get a more intimate understanding of the women experiencing these problems. The finding of this study shows that managing the recurrent symptoms of the infections remains to be a challenge for women as it has a clearly negative impact on the quality of their lives. Four themes developed: frustration and mood disorders, intimacy changes in the relationship, exposure, hope and relief. The women had high hopes of eliminating the symptoms within the six-month study period. The treatment program, with its well-developed guidelines and continuity of care within the context of the study greatly improved the quality of life of these women. Women had feelings of frustration and anxiety when nothing could cure their problem while they had also a great hope to get rid of the symptoms with a long striking treatment. Well-developed guidelines and continuity of care can help these women to have an improved quality of life.

Inspiration of Successful Experience of U.S. and European Enterprises Leveraging Sports Marketing on ＂Going Global＂ of Chinese Enterprises

With the globalization of sports event, sports marketing has become a promotion strategy of more and more enterprises. Chinese enterprises have also gradually realized the commercial val^e of sports. Sports marketing has been paid increasing attention by enterprises as a means of brand promotion. Through the analysis of the sports marketing experience of five representative enterprises, Intel, Coca-cola, Herbalife, Omega and Babycare, this paper explores their successful experience, so as to assist Chinese enterprises in ＂going global＂ with the help of sports marketing.

Rethinking China's pension reform——The relevance of international experiences

Pension funds remain scarce no matter what institutional design is adopted. China has a host of unique issues facing its pension system,issues that must be confronted; for instance,the disappearance of its demographic dividends and legacy costs incurred due to institutional transition. Such features determine that China’s pension system is merely passable at the present time. In this article,Professor Cai Fang offers new and incisive perspectives on this issue,such as the potential stimulus for economic growth by ageing people’s desire to save money for old-age provisions.

Historical Conditions and Experiences Summary of China’s Human Rights Development Path Since the Founding of the PRC

Since the founding of the People’s republic of china,the path of human rights development in china has been based on national liberation and state sovereignty.The practice of human rights protection in the 30 years before the launch of reform and opening-up accumulated the conditions for the practice after the launch of reform and opening-up.reform and opening-up have provided the great motivation and opportunity for the development of human rights in china.against the background of international practice,china’s human rights development path,since the founding of the People’s republic of china,has been developed in the fight against human rights diplomacy that interferes in china’s internal affairs with human rights used as a political tool.it has gone through the process from evasion to passive counterattacks,and then actively participating and playing a leading role.The 70 years’development of human rights in china shows that human rights progress is highly dependent on the country’s construction of the rule of law,and the coordinated and comprehensive promotion of human rights protection policies promotes the overall progress of the human rights.in order to promote human rights with development,the transition from the top-down path to the combination of top-down and down-top path is suggested.

Let Each Child Have a Role to Play——A teacher's experiences in human rights education

The future of a country and society belongs to children and youngsters. As a primary school teacher, I keenly feel the need to educate our children in human rights, so that they will develop in an all-round way, morally, intellectually and physically. Over the past few yeas, I have tried to incorporate education in human rights into activities in

掺杂离子对Gd_2O_2S:Eu^(3+)磷光体结构和发光性能的影响

采用高温固相反应法制备出新型红色长余辉发光材料Gd2O2S:Eu3+,Xn+(X为Mg、Si、Ti中的一种或两种),研究掺杂离子对Gd2O2S:Eu3+磷光体的晶体结构、形貌粒度和发光性能的影响。通过X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和分光光度计等对合成产物进行分析与表征。结果表明:掺杂离子没有改变Gd2O2S:Eu3+磷光体的晶体结构,颗粒的形貌为类球形,分散性良好。同时,掺杂离子显著地延长发光材料Gd2O2S:Eu3+的余辉时间,并显示纯正的红色发光。

Y_2O_2S∶Eu,Ti,Mg红色长余辉的温度依赖

实际应用中在低温下一些长余辉材料不能正带工作，因此需要研究长余辉材料的温度依赖特性。用固相反应法合成了Y2O2S：Eu，Ti，Mg，测量了其余辉发射谱和热释光曲线，研究Y2O2S：Eu，Ti，Mg在140～300K和290～350K温区的长余辉发光的发射光谱和衰减曲线的温度依赖。当温度低于其热释光曲线起始点230K时，其余辉的发射光谱强度较弱。随温度增加，其余辉的发射光谱强度随温度增强。300K后，其余辉衰减时间随温度变快。Y2O2S：Eu，Ti，Mg长余辉的温度依赖行为与其热释光曲线密切相关，并通过长余辉机制对其进行了分析和讨论。

掺杂对Y_2O_2S:Eu长余辉特性的影响及长余辉发光机理

通过发射光谱、XRD、相对亮度、余辉衰减曲线和热释光谱的测量,研究了在Y_2O_2S:Eu体系中掺杂Mg^(2+)、Ca^(2+)、Sr^(2+)、Ba^(2+)、Ti^(4+)对荧光体的发光与长余辉特性的影响.结果表明,这些离子的掺杂不影响发射光谱和晶体结构,但显著地影响相对亮度和长余辉特性.它的长余辉衰减过程由一快过程和一慢过程组成,很好地符合指数衰减方程。Mg、Ti共掺杂荧光体的相对亮度和长余辉性能优于单掺杂,与Mg、Ti的含量比有关.根据实验结果,探讨了Y_2O_2S:Eu体系荧光体的长余辉发光机理.

微波法合成红色长余辉发光材料Gd_2O_2S∶Eu,Mg,Ti及其发光特性

用微波辐射法首次合成了Gd2O2S∶Eu,Mg,Ti红色磷光化合物,用X射线粉末衍射（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）、荧光分光光度计等对合成产物进行了分析和表征。结果表明：材料的晶体结构为六方晶系,与Gd2O2S的相同。颗粒的形貌为类球形,分散性较好,尺寸在1-2μm之间。Gd2O2S∶Eu,Mg,Ti的激发光谱呈带状,激发光谱主峰位于360nm,另外在400,422,472nm等处也有激发峰存在;发射光谱为线状光谱,归属于Eu^3＋的5^DJ（J=0,1,2）到7^FJ（J=0,1,2,3,4）的跃迁。随着Eu浓度的增加,位于蓝绿区的586,557,541,513,498,471,468nm处的发射峰逐渐减弱,而主峰位于627nm处的红光发射明显增强。当Eu浓度为6mol%时,红光发射最强。Mg,Ti共掺杂可显著改善其余辉性质。

微波场作用下La_2O_2S∶Eu荧光粉的快速合成及其发光特性

采用微波法快速合成了La2O2S：Eu红色荧光粉，用X射线粉末衍射（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）、荧光光谱等对合成产物进行了分析和表征。结果表明：材料的晶体结构为六方晶系，与纯La2O2S的结构相同。颗粒的形状不规则，分散性较好，尺寸在2μm左右。La2O2S：Eu的激发光谱主要是位于200—450nm范围内的宽带，此宽带激发来源于Eu^3＋的电荷转移态的吸收跃迁。在472nm左右出现一弱的尖锐的吸收峰，属于Eu^3＋的4f→4f跃迁吸收。发射光谱是由512，539，556，583，596，617，627nm的一系列窄带发射峰组成。这些发射峰归属于Eu^3＋从^5DJ（J=0，1，2）到^7FJ（J=0，1，2，3，4）的能级跃迁。随着Eu摩尔分数从2％增加到10％，主激发峰从348nm移动到365nm，移动了17nm；位于蓝绿区的发射峰逐渐减弱，627nm处的红光发射明显增强，当Eu的摩尔分数为8％时发光强度达到最大，继续增加Eu的浓度发光强度反而降低。

BaAl_2S_4:Eu溅射靶材合成方法研究

采用放电等离子烧结(SPS)方法和粉末烧结法制备BaAl2S4:Eu溅射靶材,分析了靶材成分和结构特性以及利用靶材制备薄膜的发光特性.实验结果表明,SPS烧结的BaAl2S4:Eu溅射靶材的纯度高,无其它硫化物形成,被氧化的可能性小,靶材致密,气孔少;形成薄膜的PL谱主要是470nm处的蓝光发射.粉末烧结法制备的Ba-Al2S4:Eu溅射靶材的纯度低,靶材被氧化的几率大,气孔多,不致密,呈三维网状结构;在470nm处的蓝光发射峰值相对较弱.放电等离子烧结方法更适合制备BaAl2S4:Eu溅射靶材.

痕量双掺Sm^(3+)和Gd^(3+)对Y_2O_2S∶Eu^(3+)发光特性的影响

通过对Y2O2S∶Eu3+红色荧光粉痕量引入Sm3+和Gd3+的研究,发现可有效地增强发光强度,明显改善其电压特性(发射强度与激发电压间的关系特性),且不影响材料的其他物理化学性能。讨论和分析了发射强度增强、电压特性改善的原因:Gd3+对Y3+的置换,减少了因Eu3+对Y3+置换所引起的晶格的畸变、缺陷,使Eu3+离子晶场环境得到改善,从而减弱了无辐射过程及因晶格畸变所造成的能量损失;Sm3+的发射与Eu3+的吸收(激发)的部分重叠,且Eu3+激发光谱中包含有Sm3+激发跃迁谱线,导致了Sm3+→Eu3+共振能量传递可能性,有效地实现Sm3+对Eu3+的敏化效应。

燃烧法制备(Ca1-xSrx)S：Eu2＋红色荧光粉的发光性能研究

利用硝酸盐和含硫燃烧剂硫脲(CH4N2S)的氧化还原反应,通过燃烧法在较低的起始温度(500~550℃)下合成了白光LED用红色荧光粉(Ca1-xSrx)S:Eu2+,并研究了实验过程中各种实验条件对其发光性能的影响.XRD图像表明不同物质的量比的Sr与Ca合成的荧光粉均为立方相的(Ca1-xSrx)S:Eu2+.SEM图像表明燃烧法合成的(Ca1-xSrx)S:Eu2+的晶体粒径为微米量级,且颗粒均匀.当n(Sr)∶n(Ca)=1时,它的激发谱为1个覆盖430~500 nm的宽带,发射谱为峰值位于624 nm的宽带.当Eu2+的摩尔分数为0.008时,发光强度达到最大值.所得前驱物在1 100℃的马弗炉中退火5 h,发光强度与结晶度将进一步提高.与高温固相法相比,激发光谱与发射光谱没有明显变化,燃烧法生成物分散性好,反应初始温度比较低(500℃左右),反应时间短(10 min左右).反应所用的硫脲价格低廉,反应速度快,是一种实用的燃烧剂.

微波法合成新型红色长余辉材料Gd_2O_2S:Eu,Mg,Ti中助熔剂的影响

用微波辐射法合成了红色长余辉材料Gd2O2S:Eu,Mg,Ti,用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、荧光分光光度计等手段对合成产物进行了分析和表征,并研究了不同助熔剂L i2CO3,Na2CO3,K2CO3,Na3PO4,KH2PO4以及L i2CO3和Na2CO3共同作用对材料的微观形貌及发光性能的影响。结果表明:不同的助熔剂的加入均可得到单相晶体,材料的晶体结构为六方晶系,与Gd2O2S的相同。颗粒分散性较好,晶粒尺寸以及形貌因助熔剂的不同而有所差别。发光性质研究表明:不同助熔剂的加入并没有改变样品发射谱主峰位置(627nm),但对其峰强度产生明显影响,激发光谱中的情况与此相似。研究发现L i2CO3和Na2CO3共同作用可有效延长余辉时间。

掺杂离子对白色长余辉发光材料Y_2O_2S：Tb^3＋,Eu^3＋,M^2＋(M=Mg,Ca,Sr,Ba),Zr^4＋性能的影响

采用高温固相法制备了白色长余辉发光材料Y2O2S∶Tb3+,Eu3+,M2+(M=Mg,Ca,Sr,Ba),Zr4+,利用X晶体衍射、发光光谱、余辉曲线和热释光曲线等对制备的材料进行表征。结果表明:掺杂离子没有改变样品晶体结构和发射峰的位置,但对其发光强度、余辉时间及陷阱深度有较大的影响。在263 nm紫外光的激发下,469 nm和626 nm的发射分别对应于Eu3+的5D2→7F0、5D0→7F2跃迁,544 nm的发射对应于Tb3+的5D4→7F5跃迁,主要通过它们的混合产生白光。掺杂不同二价离子样品的余辉性能按Mg2+、Sr2+、Ca2+、Ba2+的顺序递减,其中掺杂Mg2+的样品,色度坐标为(0.29,0.32),陷阱深度为1.17 eV,余辉时间长达320 s(≥1 mcd/m2),表现出最佳的发光性能。

射频溅射法制作Y_2O_2S∶Eu发光薄膜

在钇铝石榴石单晶基片上用射频溅射法制取了Y2 O2 S∶Eu红色发光薄膜。利用正交试验法 ,对溅射气体 (Ar +H2 S)中H2 S浓度、退火气氛中SO2 与H2 的比例、退火温度和退火时间等工艺条件进行了优化试验。给出了实验结果并对其进行了讨论。

EDTA络合溶胶-凝胶法制备Y_2O_2S:Eu^(3+),Mg^(2+),Ti^(4+)红色长余辉材料

采用EDTA(乙二胺四乙酸)络合溶胶-凝胶法制备了Y2O2S:Eu3+,Mg2+,Ti4+粉体。采用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜和荧光分光光度计对不同温度合成的样品性能进行测试与表征。结果表明:当硫化温度低于1 000℃时,样品为Y2O3与Y2O2S的混合相;当温度在1 050～1 100℃时,样品为纯相的Y2O2S;当温度升高到1 150℃时,再次出现Y2O3的相。硫化温度在950～1 100℃时,产物的粒径为50～300 nm。用波长为330 nm的紫外光激发样品时,626 nm处的发射对应于Eu3+的5D0-7F2跃迁。硫化温度为1 100℃时,样品的余辉时间最佳,为95 min(≥1 mcd/m2)。相比于以乙酰丙酮为络合剂的溶胶-凝胶法,EDTA络合溶胶-凝胶法制备的样品的发光性能具有较大提高。

红色长余辉材料Y_2O_2S:Eu,Si,M(M=Mg,Ca,Sr,Ba)的制备及发光性能

采用高温固相法合成了红色长余辉材料Y2O2S:Eu,Si,M(M=Mg,Ca,Sr,Ba),利用X晶体衍射、发光光谱、热释光测量等对材料的性能进行了表征。结果分析表明:Y2O2S:Eu,Si,M(M=Mg,Ca,Sr,Ba)长余辉材料的最大荧光发射和余辉发射峰完全一致都位于627nm,产生红光发射,是典型的Eu3+离子的5D0-7F2跃迁。激发停止后,能够产生较好的余辉性能。碱土金属离子能够增强其荧光发射峰强度并对余辉性能有一定促进作用,其中以Mg2+最好,其次是Ba2+。