Background： Interleukin-1β（IL-1β） is important mediator of inflammatory-induced suppression of reproductive axis at the hypothalamic level. At the beginning of inflammation, the main source of cytokines in the ce...Background： Interleukin-1β（IL-1β） is important mediator of inflammatory-induced suppression of reproductive axis at the hypothalamic level. At the beginning of inflammation, the main source of cytokines in the cerebrospinal fluid（CSF） is peripheral circulation, while over time, cytokines produced in the brain are more important. Melatonin has been shown to decrease pro-inflammatory cytokines concentration in the brain. In ewes, melatonin is used to advance the onset of a breading season. Little is known about CSF concentration of IL-1β in ewes and its correlation with plasma during inflammation as well as melatonin action on the concentration of IL-1β in blood plasma and the CSF, and brain barriers permeability in early stage of lipopolysaccharide（LPS）-induced inflammation.Methods： Systemic inflammation was induced through LPS administration in melatonin-and sham-implanted ewes. Blood and CSF samples were collected before and after LPS administration and IL-1β and albumin concentration were measured. To assess the functions of brain barriers albumin quotient（QAlb） was used.Expression of IL-1β（Il1B） and its receptor type Ⅰ（Il1r1） and type Ⅱ（Il1r2） and matrix metalloproteinase（Mmp） 3 and 9 was evaluated in the choroid plexus（CP）.Results： Before LPS administration, IL-1β was on the level of 62.0 ± 29.7 pg/mL and 66.4 ± 32.1 pg/mL in plasma and 26.2 ± 5.4 pg/mL and 21.3 ± 8.7 pg/mL in the CSF in sham-and melatonin-implanted group, respectively.Following LPS it increased to 159.3 ± 53.1 pg/mL and 197.8 ± 42.8 pg/mL in plasma and 129.8 ± 54.2 pg/mL and139.6 ± 51.5 pg/mL in the CSF. No correlations was found between plasma and CSF IL-1β concentration after LPS in both groups. The QAlb calculated before LPS and 6 h after was similar in all groups. Melatonin did not affected m RNA expression of Il1B, Il1r1 and Il1r2 in the CP. The m RNA expression of Mmp3 and Mmp9 was not detected.Conclusions： The lack of correlation between plasma and CSF IL-1β concentration indicates that at the beginning of inflammation the local synthesis of IL-1β in the CP is an important source of IL-1β in the CSF. Melatonin from slow-release implants does not affect IL-1β concentration in plasma and CSF in early stage of systemic inflammation.展开更多
BACKGROUND Ewing sarcoma(ES)is a malignant neoplasm of neuroectodermal origin and is commonly observed in children and young adults.The musculoskeletal system is the main body system impacted and ES is rarely seen in ...BACKGROUND Ewing sarcoma(ES)is a malignant neoplasm of neuroectodermal origin and is commonly observed in children and young adults.The musculoskeletal system is the main body system impacted and ES is rarely seen in the visceral organs particularly the adrenal gland.AIM To present a comprehensive review of primary adrenal ES,with emphasis on diagnosis,therapy and oncological outcomes.METHODS A systematic review of the literature was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020.PubMed/MEDLINE,EMBASE and Google Scholar bibliographic databases were searched to identify articles from 1989 to 2022 and included patients with ES/primitive neuroectodermal tumor(PNET)of the adrenal gland.PubMed,Google Scholar and EMBASE medical databases were searched,combining the terms“adrenal”,“ES”and“PNET”.Demographic,clinical,pathological and oncological data of patients were analyzed by SPSS version 29.0.RESULTS A total of 52 studies were included for review(47 case reports and 5 case series)with 66 patients reported to have primary adrenal ES.Mean age at diagnosis was 26.4±15.4 years(37.9%males,57.6%females,sex not reported in 3 cases).The most frequent complaint was abdominal/flank pain or discomfort(46.4%)followed by a palpable mass(25.0%),and the average duration of symptoms was 2.6±3.1 mo.The imaging modality of choice was computed tomography scan(81.5%),followed by magnetic resonance imaging(20.4%).Preoperative staging revealed that 17 tumors(27.9%)were metastatic and 14 patients had inferior vena cava or renal vein neoplastic thrombus at initial diagnosis.Open adrenalectomy was performed in the majority of cases(80.0%),of which 27.9%required more extensive resection.Minimally invasive surgery was attempted in 8.2%of tumors.Complete surgical resection was achieved in 89.4%of the patients.Adjuvant therapy was administered to 32 patients,in the form of chemotherapy(62.5%),radiotherapy(3.1%)or combination(34.4%).Median overall survival was 15 mo and 24-mo overall survival was 40.5%.Median disease-free survival was 10 mo and 24-mo disease-free survival was 33.3%.CONCLUSION The significant progress in molecular biology and genetics of ES does not reflect on patient outcomes.ES remains an aggressive tumor with a poor prognosis and high mortality.展开更多
Ewing’s sarcoma(EWS)is a highly aggressive malignant bone tumor primarily affecting adolescents and young adults.Despite the efficacy of chemoradiotherapy in some cases,the cure rate for patients with metastatic and ...Ewing’s sarcoma(EWS)is a highly aggressive malignant bone tumor primarily affecting adolescents and young adults.Despite the efficacy of chemoradiotherapy in some cases,the cure rate for patients with metastatic and recurrent disease remains low.Therefore,there is an urgent need for innovative therapeutic approaches to address the challenges associated with EWS treatment.Epigenetic regulation,a crucial factor in physiological processes,plays a significant role in controlling cell proliferation,maintaining gene integrity,and regulating transcription.Recent studies highlight the importance of abnormal epigenetic regulation in the initiation and progression of EWS.A comprehensive understanding of the intricate interactions between EWS and aberrant epigenetic regulation is essential for advancing clinical drug development.This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of both epigenetic targets implicated in EWS,integrating various therapeutic modalities to offer innovative perspectives for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of EWS.展开更多
BACKGROUND Ewing’s sarcoma(ES)is a neuroectodermal tumor that typically occurs in the bones and soft tissues of children and young adults.Primary renal ES is rare;only a few cases and a small case series have been do...BACKGROUND Ewing’s sarcoma(ES)is a neuroectodermal tumor that typically occurs in the bones and soft tissues of children and young adults.Primary renal ES is rare;only a few cases and a small case series have been documented,and only four cases involved primary renal ES in older people(>65 years old).CASE SUMMARY Herein,we describe the radiological and pathological features of primary renal ES in an older person.A 76-year-old man complained of poor oral intake and was found to have a large cystic renal mass with indistinct margins on computed tomography.Ultrasound-guided biopsy revealed that the tumor contained small round blue cells.The patient underwent a right radical nephrectomy.The tumor cells showed diffuse membranous CD99,and nuclear friend leukemia integration 1 transcription factor and NK2 Homeobox 2.Fluorescence in situ hybridization revealed EWSR1 translocation.Postoperatively,18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography revealed no evidence of metastasis.The patient was diagnosed with primary renal ES.Six months following the surgery,local recurrence and distant metastasis were observed.Primary renal ES is rare and often lethal in older individuals.The specific imaging findings are unknown,and treatment protocols have not been standardized.CONCLUSION This case report describes the radiological and pathological features of primary renal ES in an older person.展开更多
Purpose: Bioinformatics-based approach to screen and analyze differentially expressed genes associated with the biological characteristics of Ewing sarcoma. Means: The GSE17674 dataset was selected for analysis, obtai...Purpose: Bioinformatics-based approach to screen and analyze differentially expressed genes associated with the biological characteristics of Ewing sarcoma. Means: The GSE17674 dataset was selected for analysis, obtained by data retrieval based on the GEO public database. The R language limma toolkit was used to screen DEmRNAs. After the data were normalized, the Metascape online analysis software and the R language clusterProfiler package were used to analyze the GO function and KEGG pathway enrichment of DEmRNAs lines, respectively. The string database was selected for PPI analysis, and the results were imported into Cytoscape software to derive the core modules and predicted core genes. The genes selected above were analyzed for tissue localization specificity. Results: Through the analysis of GSE17674, differentially expressed genes were screened out, and GO and KEGG analyses were performed on the differentially expressed genes. The GO functional enrichment analysis was mainly enriched in the process of muscle system, muscle contraction, myocyte development, contractile fibers, myogenic fibers, myofibers, myofibrillar segments, actin binding, structural composition of muscle, and actin filament binding. KEGG pathway analysis showed that the core pathways associated with the development of ES were the core genes for myocardial contraction, congestive cardiomyopathy, and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Five Hub genes were obtained based on Cytoscape prediction. Tissue localization specificity analysis of Hub genes was performed, and a total of 2 Hub genes with tissue specificity were screened;MYH6 was specifically expressed in cardiac cells and MYL1 was specifically expressed in skeletal muscle cells. Conclusions: The differential genes screened will help to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the highly invasive and metastasis-prone biological characteristics of ES, as well as provide new ideas for clinical drug-targeted treatment of ES.展开更多
基金supported by a project funded by the National Science Centre allocated on the basis of decision-DEC 2011/03/B/NZ9/00118supported by Ministry of Science and High Education
文摘Background： Interleukin-1β（IL-1β） is important mediator of inflammatory-induced suppression of reproductive axis at the hypothalamic level. At the beginning of inflammation, the main source of cytokines in the cerebrospinal fluid（CSF） is peripheral circulation, while over time, cytokines produced in the brain are more important. Melatonin has been shown to decrease pro-inflammatory cytokines concentration in the brain. In ewes, melatonin is used to advance the onset of a breading season. Little is known about CSF concentration of IL-1β in ewes and its correlation with plasma during inflammation as well as melatonin action on the concentration of IL-1β in blood plasma and the CSF, and brain barriers permeability in early stage of lipopolysaccharide（LPS）-induced inflammation.Methods： Systemic inflammation was induced through LPS administration in melatonin-and sham-implanted ewes. Blood and CSF samples were collected before and after LPS administration and IL-1β and albumin concentration were measured. To assess the functions of brain barriers albumin quotient（QAlb） was used.Expression of IL-1β（Il1B） and its receptor type Ⅰ（Il1r1） and type Ⅱ（Il1r2） and matrix metalloproteinase（Mmp） 3 and 9 was evaluated in the choroid plexus（CP）.Results： Before LPS administration, IL-1β was on the level of 62.0 ± 29.7 pg/mL and 66.4 ± 32.1 pg/mL in plasma and 26.2 ± 5.4 pg/mL and 21.3 ± 8.7 pg/mL in the CSF in sham-and melatonin-implanted group, respectively.Following LPS it increased to 159.3 ± 53.1 pg/mL and 197.8 ± 42.8 pg/mL in plasma and 129.8 ± 54.2 pg/mL and139.6 ± 51.5 pg/mL in the CSF. No correlations was found between plasma and CSF IL-1β concentration after LPS in both groups. The QAlb calculated before LPS and 6 h after was similar in all groups. Melatonin did not affected m RNA expression of Il1B, Il1r1 and Il1r2 in the CP. The m RNA expression of Mmp3 and Mmp9 was not detected.Conclusions： The lack of correlation between plasma and CSF IL-1β concentration indicates that at the beginning of inflammation the local synthesis of IL-1β in the CP is an important source of IL-1β in the CSF. Melatonin from slow-release implants does not affect IL-1β concentration in plasma and CSF in early stage of systemic inflammation.
文摘BACKGROUND Ewing sarcoma(ES)is a malignant neoplasm of neuroectodermal origin and is commonly observed in children and young adults.The musculoskeletal system is the main body system impacted and ES is rarely seen in the visceral organs particularly the adrenal gland.AIM To present a comprehensive review of primary adrenal ES,with emphasis on diagnosis,therapy and oncological outcomes.METHODS A systematic review of the literature was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020.PubMed/MEDLINE,EMBASE and Google Scholar bibliographic databases were searched to identify articles from 1989 to 2022 and included patients with ES/primitive neuroectodermal tumor(PNET)of the adrenal gland.PubMed,Google Scholar and EMBASE medical databases were searched,combining the terms“adrenal”,“ES”and“PNET”.Demographic,clinical,pathological and oncological data of patients were analyzed by SPSS version 29.0.RESULTS A total of 52 studies were included for review(47 case reports and 5 case series)with 66 patients reported to have primary adrenal ES.Mean age at diagnosis was 26.4±15.4 years(37.9%males,57.6%females,sex not reported in 3 cases).The most frequent complaint was abdominal/flank pain or discomfort(46.4%)followed by a palpable mass(25.0%),and the average duration of symptoms was 2.6±3.1 mo.The imaging modality of choice was computed tomography scan(81.5%),followed by magnetic resonance imaging(20.4%).Preoperative staging revealed that 17 tumors(27.9%)were metastatic and 14 patients had inferior vena cava or renal vein neoplastic thrombus at initial diagnosis.Open adrenalectomy was performed in the majority of cases(80.0%),of which 27.9%required more extensive resection.Minimally invasive surgery was attempted in 8.2%of tumors.Complete surgical resection was achieved in 89.4%of the patients.Adjuvant therapy was administered to 32 patients,in the form of chemotherapy(62.5%),radiotherapy(3.1%)or combination(34.4%).Median overall survival was 15 mo and 24-mo overall survival was 40.5%.Median disease-free survival was 10 mo and 24-mo disease-free survival was 33.3%.CONCLUSION The significant progress in molecular biology and genetics of ES does not reflect on patient outcomes.ES remains an aggressive tumor with a poor prognosis and high mortality.
基金funded in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82371877)Advanced Talents and Science and Technology Innovation Foundation at Yangzhou University(No.137011856,HS).
文摘Ewing’s sarcoma(EWS)is a highly aggressive malignant bone tumor primarily affecting adolescents and young adults.Despite the efficacy of chemoradiotherapy in some cases,the cure rate for patients with metastatic and recurrent disease remains low.Therefore,there is an urgent need for innovative therapeutic approaches to address the challenges associated with EWS treatment.Epigenetic regulation,a crucial factor in physiological processes,plays a significant role in controlling cell proliferation,maintaining gene integrity,and regulating transcription.Recent studies highlight the importance of abnormal epigenetic regulation in the initiation and progression of EWS.A comprehensive understanding of the intricate interactions between EWS and aberrant epigenetic regulation is essential for advancing clinical drug development.This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of both epigenetic targets implicated in EWS,integrating various therapeutic modalities to offer innovative perspectives for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of EWS.
文摘BACKGROUND Ewing’s sarcoma(ES)is a neuroectodermal tumor that typically occurs in the bones and soft tissues of children and young adults.Primary renal ES is rare;only a few cases and a small case series have been documented,and only four cases involved primary renal ES in older people(>65 years old).CASE SUMMARY Herein,we describe the radiological and pathological features of primary renal ES in an older person.A 76-year-old man complained of poor oral intake and was found to have a large cystic renal mass with indistinct margins on computed tomography.Ultrasound-guided biopsy revealed that the tumor contained small round blue cells.The patient underwent a right radical nephrectomy.The tumor cells showed diffuse membranous CD99,and nuclear friend leukemia integration 1 transcription factor and NK2 Homeobox 2.Fluorescence in situ hybridization revealed EWSR1 translocation.Postoperatively,18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography revealed no evidence of metastasis.The patient was diagnosed with primary renal ES.Six months following the surgery,local recurrence and distant metastasis were observed.Primary renal ES is rare and often lethal in older individuals.The specific imaging findings are unknown,and treatment protocols have not been standardized.CONCLUSION This case report describes the radiological and pathological features of primary renal ES in an older person.
文摘Purpose: Bioinformatics-based approach to screen and analyze differentially expressed genes associated with the biological characteristics of Ewing sarcoma. Means: The GSE17674 dataset was selected for analysis, obtained by data retrieval based on the GEO public database. The R language limma toolkit was used to screen DEmRNAs. After the data were normalized, the Metascape online analysis software and the R language clusterProfiler package were used to analyze the GO function and KEGG pathway enrichment of DEmRNAs lines, respectively. The string database was selected for PPI analysis, and the results were imported into Cytoscape software to derive the core modules and predicted core genes. The genes selected above were analyzed for tissue localization specificity. Results: Through the analysis of GSE17674, differentially expressed genes were screened out, and GO and KEGG analyses were performed on the differentially expressed genes. The GO functional enrichment analysis was mainly enriched in the process of muscle system, muscle contraction, myocyte development, contractile fibers, myogenic fibers, myofibers, myofibrillar segments, actin binding, structural composition of muscle, and actin filament binding. KEGG pathway analysis showed that the core pathways associated with the development of ES were the core genes for myocardial contraction, congestive cardiomyopathy, and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Five Hub genes were obtained based on Cytoscape prediction. Tissue localization specificity analysis of Hub genes was performed, and a total of 2 Hub genes with tissue specificity were screened;MYH6 was specifically expressed in cardiac cells and MYL1 was specifically expressed in skeletal muscle cells. Conclusions: The differential genes screened will help to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the highly invasive and metastasis-prone biological characteristics of ES, as well as provide new ideas for clinical drug-targeted treatment of ES.
