Conodont Caudicriodus woschimidti woschmidti has been found from a big outcrop (hill) of the Bayan-Kho-shuu Ruins Section which was previously assigned to the Silurian Gavuu Member of the Mandalovoo Formation. This is...Conodont Caudicriodus woschimidti woschmidti has been found from a big outcrop (hill) of the Bayan-Kho-shuu Ruins Section which was previously assigned to the Silurian Gavuu Member of the Mandalovoo Formation. This is first time to find the lowermost Devonian conodont zonal fossil in Mongolia. The lower part of the Gavuu Member is Sil-urian. But the strata from where we collected samples M-9～M-12 definitely belong to Lower Devonian (lower Lochko-vian) rather than Lower Silurian. The Mandalovoo Formation should be named Mandalovoo Group, and its three mem-bers should be changed into three formations.展开更多
The North China Craton(NCC) represents one of the oldest and largest cratons in the earth with a nearly complete record of Precambrian history. In the northern part of the NCC, the earliest phase of alkaline magmatism...The North China Craton(NCC) represents one of the oldest and largest cratons in the earth with a nearly complete record of Precambrian history. In the northern part of the NCC, the earliest phase of alkaline magmatism occurred in discrete pulses in the Early and Middle Devonian;whereas the next episode of alkaline magmatism took place in the early Mesozoic. The Gucheng pluton is exposed in the northern part of the NCC and forms a composite intrusion, consisting of K-feldspar–bearing clinopyroxenite, clinopyroxene–bearing syenite and alkali-feldspar syenite. Mineral phases in these lithologies include clinopyroxene(Wo43-48En19-35Fs18-38), sanidine(An0 Ab3-11Or89-97), and subordinate titanite, andradite and Na-feldspar. These rocks show homogeneous Sr but variable Nd isotopic compositions, and have relatively high zircon in-situ oxygen isotopes(δ18O=5.2–6.7). The Gucheng plutonic rocks formed through fractional crystallization and accumulation from ultrapotassic magmas, which were originated from partial melting of metasomatic vein systems in the subcontinental lithospheric mantle of the NCC. These vein networks developed as a result of the reactions of fluids derived from subducted pelitic sediments on the downgoing Palaeo-Asian ocean floor with the enriched, subcontinental lithospheric mantle peridotites. SHRIMP U-Pb zircon dating has revealed a crystallization age of 415 Ma for the timing of the emplacement of the Gucheng pluton that marks the early stages of alkaline magmatism associated with the Andean-type continental margin evolution along the northern edge of the NCC facing the Palaeo-Asian Ocean.展开更多
The Jiangshan-Shaoxing fault zone （JSFZ） was formed by the amalgamation of the Yangtze and Cathaysia blocks in the Neoproterozoic.Since the Paleozoic,the JSFZ has experienced three episodes of tectonic activities：t...The Jiangshan-Shaoxing fault zone （JSFZ） was formed by the amalgamation of the Yangtze and Cathaysia blocks in the Neoproterozoic.Since the Paleozoic,the JSFZ has experienced three episodes of tectonic activities：the Early Paleozoic ductile strike-slip shear,Early Mesozoic thrust,and the Late Mesozoic extension.展开更多
The Hardawu granites in the eastern segment of the ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic belt,the northern Qaidam Basin,were studied by whole-rock major and trace elements and in-situ zircon U-Pb geochronology and Hf isotope...The Hardawu granites in the eastern segment of the ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic belt,the northern Qaidam Basin,were studied by whole-rock major and trace elements and in-situ zircon U-Pb geochronology and Hf isotopes to discuss the petrogenesis and tectonic evolution.Geochronological results show that the granites have a crystallization age of 401±3 Ma,suggesting that they were formed in the Early Devonian.The granites have SiO2 contents of 75.32 wt.%-76.05 wt.%,total alkali contents of 8.23 wt.%-8.36 wt.%,and K2O/Na2O ratios of 1.62-1.91.They were rich in K2O,poor in TiO2,MnO,MgO,and P2O5,and have A/CNK values of 1.05-1.07,Rittmann indexδvalues of 2.05-2.14,and differentiation index(DI)values of 92.85-94.18.They are high potassium calc-alkaline,weakperaluminum,and highly differentiated I-type granites.The granites also show enrichment of large ion lithophile elements(LILE)such as Rb,Ba,and Th,and depletion of high field strength elements(HFSE)such as Nb,Ta,and Ti.The total REE concentrations range from 169 ppm to 232 ppm,with enrichments of light rare earth elements and negative Eu anomalies(δEu=0.39-0.55).The zirconεHf(t)values range from-0.65 to-2.29,and the two-stage model ages(tDM2)changed within a small range of 1.44 to 1.54 Ga,indicating that the magma of the Hardawu granites was originated from the partial melting of Mesoproterozoic lower crustal materials.Combined with previous studies,we suggest that the Hardawu granites were formed in the extensional tectonic setting after the collision between the Qaidam Block and the central and southern Qilian Block in the Early Devonian.展开更多
Two zosterophyll plants are described from the Lower Devonian （Lochkovian） Xitun Formation of Qujing, Yunnan, China. Xitunia spinitheca gen. et sp. nov. has stalked sporangia laterally attached on the axis in a heli...Two zosterophyll plants are described from the Lower Devonian （Lochkovian） Xitun Formation of Qujing, Yunnan, China. Xitunia spinitheca gen. et sp. nov. has stalked sporangia laterally attached on the axis in a helical arrangement. Sporangia are dorsoventrally flattened and composed of two unequal valves; the adaxial valve is round in face view, while the abaxial valve is larger than the former, triangular or wedge-shaped, and radially bears long spiny appendages along the distal margin. Xitunia shows new variation of sporangial morphology within the zosterophylls. Zosterophyllum minorstachyum sp. nov. has K-shaped branchings at the basal parts and small-sized terminal spikes, which consist of round to elliptical sporangia arranged helically. This paper provides new data on the diversity of plant types during Lochkovian when rare vascular plants were reported. As for various species of Zosterophyllum in South China, their apparent evolutionary trend of features from the Late Silurian to Early Devonian （Emsian） is discussed.展开更多
A new genus and species,Ramoferis amalia gen.et sp.nov.,is described from the Early Devonian（Pragian）Posongchong Formation,Wenshan district of southeastern Yunnan,China.This plant has isodichotomous major axes,which...A new genus and species,Ramoferis amalia gen.et sp.nov.,is described from the Early Devonian（Pragian）Posongchong Formation,Wenshan district of southeastern Yunnan,China.This plant has isodichotomous major axes,which also divide anisotomously distally to produce closely spaced lateral branches,often within fertile regions.The stalked round to reniform sporangia,borne laterally and spirally over several levels of branches,are distantly to moderately spaced or aggregated into distinct spikes.The stalks increase in width from the base to the sporangial junction resulting in a gradual transition between sporangium and stalk.Comparison with known zosterophylls shows that this plant is most similar to the genera Zosterophyllum and Wenshania,differing in the character combinations of sporangial shape,sporangium/stalk junction,stalk dimensions and orientation,and especially in both sterile and fertile branchlets being borne within the fertile zone.In addition,the observation and comparison indicate distinct variety in structure of sporangial border and suggest that the two-layered sporangium wall characterized by outer anticlinal layer and inner periclinal layer might represent potential synapomorphies,while the different dehiscence mechanism is an autapomorphy for each taxon in zosterophylls.展开更多
A large number of Late Silurian–Early Devonian intrusive rocks are distributed in the central Beishan orogenic belt(BOB).Tectonic setting of these intrusive rocks is of great significance to the study of the subducti...A large number of Late Silurian–Early Devonian intrusive rocks are distributed in the central Beishan orogenic belt(BOB).Tectonic setting of these intrusive rocks is of great significance to the study of the subduction and accretion of the Paleo-Asian Ocean.Previous studies show that most of the intrusive rocks in this region are S-type or A-type granitoids.In this study,we firstly reported the Late Silurian–Early Devoniandia bases,granodiorites on the southside of the Baiyunshan ophiolitic mélanges belt,as a part of Hongliuhe-Xichangjing ophiolitic mélanges belt(HXOMB).Zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating yields emplacement ages between 418 and 397 Ma,REE distribution patterns exhibit enriched LREE and flat HREE in the diabases,the discriminant diagrams show that the diabases have geochemical characteristics of intraplate basalt.The granodiorites in this paper present more like S-and A-type granitoids reported,showing the geochemical characteristics of syn/post-collision granites.Actually,the bimodal magmatic rocks are developed during Late Silurian–Early Devonian on both sides of the HXOMB,which are related to the tectonic background of the post orogeny extension.The diabases are tholeiitic with relative strong depletedεHf(t)(+8.1 to+13.0),which are mainly from relative depleted mantle.The granodiorites are calc-alkaline with relative slightly depletedεHf(t)(+0.7 to+5.6)and the lower Mg#and MgO contents(34.6–36.9,0.50 wt.%–1.19 wt.%respectively),reflecting the source characteristics of meta-basalt.Therefore,the remelting of juvenile crust may be the main way of continental crust accretion during Late Silurian–Early Devonian in the central BOB.展开更多
文摘Conodont Caudicriodus woschimidti woschmidti has been found from a big outcrop (hill) of the Bayan-Kho-shuu Ruins Section which was previously assigned to the Silurian Gavuu Member of the Mandalovoo Formation. This is first time to find the lowermost Devonian conodont zonal fossil in Mongolia. The lower part of the Gavuu Member is Sil-urian. But the strata from where we collected samples M-9～M-12 definitely belong to Lower Devonian (lower Lochko-vian) rather than Lower Silurian. The Mandalovoo Formation should be named Mandalovoo Group, and its three mem-bers should be changed into three formations.
基金financially supported by grants from the Nature Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 416720634177302941302038 and 41720104009)
文摘The North China Craton(NCC) represents one of the oldest and largest cratons in the earth with a nearly complete record of Precambrian history. In the northern part of the NCC, the earliest phase of alkaline magmatism occurred in discrete pulses in the Early and Middle Devonian;whereas the next episode of alkaline magmatism took place in the early Mesozoic. The Gucheng pluton is exposed in the northern part of the NCC and forms a composite intrusion, consisting of K-feldspar–bearing clinopyroxenite, clinopyroxene–bearing syenite and alkali-feldspar syenite. Mineral phases in these lithologies include clinopyroxene(Wo43-48En19-35Fs18-38), sanidine(An0 Ab3-11Or89-97), and subordinate titanite, andradite and Na-feldspar. These rocks show homogeneous Sr but variable Nd isotopic compositions, and have relatively high zircon in-situ oxygen isotopes(δ18O=5.2–6.7). The Gucheng plutonic rocks formed through fractional crystallization and accumulation from ultrapotassic magmas, which were originated from partial melting of metasomatic vein systems in the subcontinental lithospheric mantle of the NCC. These vein networks developed as a result of the reactions of fluids derived from subducted pelitic sediments on the downgoing Palaeo-Asian ocean floor with the enriched, subcontinental lithospheric mantle peridotites. SHRIMP U-Pb zircon dating has revealed a crystallization age of 415 Ma for the timing of the emplacement of the Gucheng pluton that marks the early stages of alkaline magmatism associated with the Andean-type continental margin evolution along the northern edge of the NCC facing the Palaeo-Asian Ocean.
基金funded by the National Science and Technology Major Project (2008ZX05005–001)China Geological Survey Project (Grant No.1212011120160)
文摘The Jiangshan-Shaoxing fault zone （JSFZ） was formed by the amalgamation of the Yangtze and Cathaysia blocks in the Neoproterozoic.Since the Paleozoic,the JSFZ has experienced three episodes of tectonic activities：the Early Paleozoic ductile strike-slip shear,Early Mesozoic thrust,and the Late Mesozoic extension.
基金supported by the Qinghai Provincial Geological Exploration Fund Project (Nos. 2019048001ky001, 2021074002ky002, 2023085029ky004)the Western Light Talent Program of China
文摘The Hardawu granites in the eastern segment of the ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic belt,the northern Qaidam Basin,were studied by whole-rock major and trace elements and in-situ zircon U-Pb geochronology and Hf isotopes to discuss the petrogenesis and tectonic evolution.Geochronological results show that the granites have a crystallization age of 401±3 Ma,suggesting that they were formed in the Early Devonian.The granites have SiO2 contents of 75.32 wt.%-76.05 wt.%,total alkali contents of 8.23 wt.%-8.36 wt.%,and K2O/Na2O ratios of 1.62-1.91.They were rich in K2O,poor in TiO2,MnO,MgO,and P2O5,and have A/CNK values of 1.05-1.07,Rittmann indexδvalues of 2.05-2.14,and differentiation index(DI)values of 92.85-94.18.They are high potassium calc-alkaline,weakperaluminum,and highly differentiated I-type granites.The granites also show enrichment of large ion lithophile elements(LILE)such as Rb,Ba,and Th,and depletion of high field strength elements(HFSE)such as Nb,Ta,and Ti.The total REE concentrations range from 169 ppm to 232 ppm,with enrichments of light rare earth elements and negative Eu anomalies(δEu=0.39-0.55).The zirconεHf(t)values range from-0.65 to-2.29,and the two-stage model ages(tDM2)changed within a small range of 1.44 to 1.54 Ga,indicating that the magma of the Hardawu granites was originated from the partial melting of Mesoproterozoic lower crustal materials.Combined with previous studies,we suggest that the Hardawu granites were formed in the extensional tectonic setting after the collision between the Qaidam Block and the central and southern Qilian Block in the Early Devonian.
基金supportedby the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.40672001,40802003,40830211)China PostdoctoralScience Foundation(20070420245)
文摘Two zosterophyll plants are described from the Lower Devonian （Lochkovian） Xitun Formation of Qujing, Yunnan, China. Xitunia spinitheca gen. et sp. nov. has stalked sporangia laterally attached on the axis in a helical arrangement. Sporangia are dorsoventrally flattened and composed of two unequal valves; the adaxial valve is round in face view, while the abaxial valve is larger than the former, triangular or wedge-shaped, and radially bears long spiny appendages along the distal margin. Xitunia shows new variation of sporangial morphology within the zosterophylls. Zosterophyllum minorstachyum sp. nov. has K-shaped branchings at the basal parts and small-sized terminal spikes, which consist of round to elliptical sporangia arranged helically. This paper provides new data on the diversity of plant types during Lochkovian when rare vascular plants were reported. As for various species of Zosterophyllum in South China, their apparent evolutionary trend of features from the Late Silurian to Early Devonian （Emsian） is discussed.
文摘A new genus and species,Ramoferis amalia gen.et sp.nov.,is described from the Early Devonian（Pragian）Posongchong Formation,Wenshan district of southeastern Yunnan,China.This plant has isodichotomous major axes,which also divide anisotomously distally to produce closely spaced lateral branches,often within fertile regions.The stalked round to reniform sporangia,borne laterally and spirally over several levels of branches,are distantly to moderately spaced or aggregated into distinct spikes.The stalks increase in width from the base to the sporangial junction resulting in a gradual transition between sporangium and stalk.Comparison with known zosterophylls shows that this plant is most similar to the genera Zosterophyllum and Wenshania,differing in the character combinations of sporangial shape,sporangium/stalk junction,stalk dimensions and orientation,and especially in both sterile and fertile branchlets being borne within the fertile zone.In addition,the observation and comparison indicate distinct variety in structure of sporangial border and suggest that the two-layered sporangium wall characterized by outer anticlinal layer and inner periclinal layer might represent potential synapomorphies,while the different dehiscence mechanism is an autapomorphy for each taxon in zosterophylls.
基金supported by the Geological Survey of China(Nos.DD20160039,DD20190038)。
文摘A large number of Late Silurian–Early Devonian intrusive rocks are distributed in the central Beishan orogenic belt(BOB).Tectonic setting of these intrusive rocks is of great significance to the study of the subduction and accretion of the Paleo-Asian Ocean.Previous studies show that most of the intrusive rocks in this region are S-type or A-type granitoids.In this study,we firstly reported the Late Silurian–Early Devoniandia bases,granodiorites on the southside of the Baiyunshan ophiolitic mélanges belt,as a part of Hongliuhe-Xichangjing ophiolitic mélanges belt(HXOMB).Zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating yields emplacement ages between 418 and 397 Ma,REE distribution patterns exhibit enriched LREE and flat HREE in the diabases,the discriminant diagrams show that the diabases have geochemical characteristics of intraplate basalt.The granodiorites in this paper present more like S-and A-type granitoids reported,showing the geochemical characteristics of syn/post-collision granites.Actually,the bimodal magmatic rocks are developed during Late Silurian–Early Devonian on both sides of the HXOMB,which are related to the tectonic background of the post orogeny extension.The diabases are tholeiitic with relative strong depletedεHf(t)(+8.1 to+13.0),which are mainly from relative depleted mantle.The granodiorites are calc-alkaline with relative slightly depletedεHf(t)(+0.7 to+5.6)and the lower Mg#and MgO contents(34.6–36.9,0.50 wt.%–1.19 wt.%respectively),reflecting the source characteristics of meta-basalt.Therefore,the remelting of juvenile crust may be the main way of continental crust accretion during Late Silurian–Early Devonian in the central BOB.
