Prostate cancer （PCa） has become to have the highest incidence and the second mortality rate in western countries, affecting men＇s health to a large extent. Although prostate-specific antigen （PSA） was discovered...Prostate cancer （PCa） has become to have the highest incidence and the second mortality rate in western countries, affecting men＇s health to a large extent. Although prostate-specific antigen （PSA） was discovered to help diagnose the cancer in an early stage for decades, its specificity is relative low, resulting in unnecessary biopsy for healthy people and over-treatment for patients. Thus, it is imperative to identify more and more effective biomarkers for early diagnosis of PCa in order to distinguish patients from healthy populations, which helps guide an early treatment to lower disease-related mortality by noninvasive or minimal invasive approaches. This review generally describes the current early diagnostic biomarkers of PCa in addition to PSA and summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of these biomarkers.展开更多
The currently developed instrumental approaches for detecting pathological changes in the body have a number of disadvantages. The most important of them is that the equipment is sensitive to the detection of diseases...The currently developed instrumental approaches for detecting pathological changes in the body have a number of disadvantages. The most important of them is that the equipment is sensitive to the detection of diseases only from a certain threshold level of destructive changes in the body. The present article discusses the possibility of using the new instrumental complex “Bioscope” for early and non-invasive diagnosis of the beginning of the formation of ontological neoplasm’s in the body.展开更多
Circulating toxins namely： free radicals, cytokines and metabolic products induce glomerular endothelial dys-function, hemodynamic maladjustment and chronic ischemic state;this leads to tubulointerstitial fbrosis in ...Circulating toxins namely： free radicals, cytokines and metabolic products induce glomerular endothelial dys-function, hemodynamic maladjustment and chronic ischemic state;this leads to tubulointerstitial fbrosis in chronic kidney disease （CKD）. Altered vascular homeo-stasis observed in late stage CKD revealed defective angiogenesis and impaired nitric oxide production ex-plaining therapeutic resistance to vasodilator treatment in late stage CKD. Under current practice, CKD patients are diagnosed and treated at a rather late stage due to the lack of sensitivity of the diagnostic markers avail-able. This suggests the need for an alternative thera-peutic strategy implementing the therapeutic approachat an early stage. This view is supported by the normal or mildly impaired vascular homeostasis observed in early stage CKD. Treatment at this early stage can potentially enhance renal perfusion, correct the renal ischemic state and restore renal function. Thus, this alternative therapeutic approach would effectively pre-vent end-stage renal disease.展开更多
基金This study was supported by the National Basic Research Program of China （No. 2012CB518306）, the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 81101946）, the Prostate Cancer Foundation Young Investigator Award, and the Shanghai Pujiang Program （No. 12PJD008）.
文摘Prostate cancer （PCa） has become to have the highest incidence and the second mortality rate in western countries, affecting men＇s health to a large extent. Although prostate-specific antigen （PSA） was discovered to help diagnose the cancer in an early stage for decades, its specificity is relative low, resulting in unnecessary biopsy for healthy people and over-treatment for patients. Thus, it is imperative to identify more and more effective biomarkers for early diagnosis of PCa in order to distinguish patients from healthy populations, which helps guide an early treatment to lower disease-related mortality by noninvasive or minimal invasive approaches. This review generally describes the current early diagnostic biomarkers of PCa in addition to PSA and summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of these biomarkers.
文摘The currently developed instrumental approaches for detecting pathological changes in the body have a number of disadvantages. The most important of them is that the equipment is sensitive to the detection of diseases only from a certain threshold level of destructive changes in the body. The present article discusses the possibility of using the new instrumental complex “Bioscope” for early and non-invasive diagnosis of the beginning of the formation of ontological neoplasm’s in the body.
基金Thailand Research FundNational Research Council Fund of Thailandthe Royal Institute of Thailand
文摘Circulating toxins namely： free radicals, cytokines and metabolic products induce glomerular endothelial dys-function, hemodynamic maladjustment and chronic ischemic state;this leads to tubulointerstitial fbrosis in chronic kidney disease （CKD）. Altered vascular homeo-stasis observed in late stage CKD revealed defective angiogenesis and impaired nitric oxide production ex-plaining therapeutic resistance to vasodilator treatment in late stage CKD. Under current practice, CKD patients are diagnosed and treated at a rather late stage due to the lack of sensitivity of the diagnostic markers avail-able. This suggests the need for an alternative thera-peutic strategy implementing the therapeutic approachat an early stage. This view is supported by the normal or mildly impaired vascular homeostasis observed in early stage CKD. Treatment at this early stage can potentially enhance renal perfusion, correct the renal ischemic state and restore renal function. Thus, this alternative therapeutic approach would effectively pre-vent end-stage renal disease.
