The aim of our study was to develop a scoring system to predict whether diarrhea is of a bacterial origin and whether the diarrheal patients constitute a potential source of infection to others. Adults with acute diar...The aim of our study was to develop a scoring system to predict whether diarrhea is of a bacterial origin and whether the diarrheal patients constitute a potential source of infection to others. Adults with acute diarrhea (n=424) were enrolled in the study. Logistic regression and standard regression coefficients were used to formulate the Early Warning Infectivity Score System for Adults with Acute Bacterial Diarrhea (EWIS-ABD). Four risk factors were identified by logistic regression, including body temperature (P〈0.01), abdominal pain (P〈0.01), leukocyte count in stool (P〈0.01), and unclean dietary history (P〈0.01). EWIS-ABD was thus developed, in which the value 〉5 points was set as an indicator of bacterial diarrhea. The incidence of bacterial diarrhea increased along with the elevated score. EWIS-ABD was more specific for bacterial diarrhea than for viral diarrhea. The accuracy and reliability of EWIS-ABD was high by prospective validation in 478 patients with acute diarrhea.展开更多
<strong>Objective:</strong><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Early bacterial neonatal infection (INBP) or maternofetal infe...<strong>Objective:</strong><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Early bacterial neonatal infection (INBP) or maternofetal infection (early neonatal sepsis) remains a concern of the pediatrician due to diagnostic difficulties and its increased morbidity and mortality. No study has been done in Mali on the profile of newborns admitted for INBP with positive CRP, hence the initiation of this work with the aim of studying the epidemiological, biological and bacteriological profile of newborns with a bacterial maternal-fetal infection. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Method:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Longitudinal study descriptive (from 27 June to 3 September 2016) which concerned all newborns aged from 0 to 72 hours of life hospitalized for confirmed early bacterial neonatal infection with a positive C</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">reactive protein (CRP) in the neonatal department of the CHU Gabriel Touré. INBP was defined by the presence of maternal and neonatal infectious risk factors, positivity of CRP with a germ in the blood culture. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> During the study period we included 244 newborns for probable maternofetal infection and who benefited from the CRP assay, 43 had a positive CRP, </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">i</span></i></span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span></i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">e</span></i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> a frequency of 17.62%. The sex ratio was 2.30. The majority had a low birth weight (<2500</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">g) in 69.8% of cases. Mothers were aged 18 to 35 in 93%. The majority were out of school (43.8%) and housewives in 74.4%. The main reasons for consultations were prematurity and/or low birth weight, respiratory distress and neonatal distress, </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">i</span></i></span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span></i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">e</span></i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span></i><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">46.5%, 25.6% and 11.6% respectively. Among the 43 newborns with a positive CRP, the blood culture returned p</span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ositive in 79.1% (n = 34). We deplore 2 deaths (4.7%). The main bacteria were gram-positive cocci (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Staphylococcus aureus</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> 53.01% and </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Streptococccus agalactiae</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> 4.10%), gram-negative bacilli (GNB) type </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Enterobacteriaceae (Klebsiella pneumoniae</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> 11.25% and </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">E. coli</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> at 5.70%) and non-fermentativ</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">e </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">GNB</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s </span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">(</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Pseudomonas aeruginosa</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> 2.80% and </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Acinetobacter baumannii</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> complex </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2.24%). </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusion:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Maternal-fetal infection is a hospital pathology frequently encountered in the neonatal period. Its clinical presentation is dominated by respiratory distress, neurological disorders and low birth weight.</span></span>展开更多
Autism spectrum disorder(ASD)is a group of heterogeneous,multi-factorial,neurodevelopmental disorders resulting from genetic and environmental factors interplay.Infection is a significant trigger of autism,especially ...Autism spectrum disorder(ASD)is a group of heterogeneous,multi-factorial,neurodevelopmental disorders resulting from genetic and environmental factors interplay.Infection is a significant trigger of autism,especially during the critical developmental period.There is a strong interplay between the viral infection as a trigger and a result of ASD.We aim to highlight the mutual relationship between autism and viruses.We performed a thorough literature review and included 158 research in this review.Most of the literature agreed on the possible effects of the viral infection during the critical period of development on the risk of developing autism,especially for specific viral infections such as Rubella,Cytomegalovirus,Herpes Simplex virus,Varicella Zoster Virus,Influenza virus,Zika virus,and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.Viral infection directly infects the brain,triggers immune activation,induces epigenetic changes,and raises the risks of having a child with autism.At the same time,there is some evidence of increased risk of infection,including viral infections in children with autism,due to lots of factors.There is an increased risk of developing autism with a specific viral infection during the early developmental period and an increased risk of viral infections in children with autism.In addition,children with autism are at increased risk of infection,including viruses.Every effort should be made to prevent maternal and early-life infections and reduce the risk of autism.Immune modulation of children with autism should be considered to reduce the risk of infection.展开更多
基金funded by the National Key Technology R&D Program during the Eleventh 5-year Plan Period[2007BAI24B06]
文摘The aim of our study was to develop a scoring system to predict whether diarrhea is of a bacterial origin and whether the diarrheal patients constitute a potential source of infection to others. Adults with acute diarrhea (n=424) were enrolled in the study. Logistic regression and standard regression coefficients were used to formulate the Early Warning Infectivity Score System for Adults with Acute Bacterial Diarrhea (EWIS-ABD). Four risk factors were identified by logistic regression, including body temperature (P〈0.01), abdominal pain (P〈0.01), leukocyte count in stool (P〈0.01), and unclean dietary history (P〈0.01). EWIS-ABD was thus developed, in which the value 〉5 points was set as an indicator of bacterial diarrhea. The incidence of bacterial diarrhea increased along with the elevated score. EWIS-ABD was more specific for bacterial diarrhea than for viral diarrhea. The accuracy and reliability of EWIS-ABD was high by prospective validation in 478 patients with acute diarrhea.
文摘<strong>Objective:</strong><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Early bacterial neonatal infection (INBP) or maternofetal infection (early neonatal sepsis) remains a concern of the pediatrician due to diagnostic difficulties and its increased morbidity and mortality. No study has been done in Mali on the profile of newborns admitted for INBP with positive CRP, hence the initiation of this work with the aim of studying the epidemiological, biological and bacteriological profile of newborns with a bacterial maternal-fetal infection. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Method:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Longitudinal study descriptive (from 27 June to 3 September 2016) which concerned all newborns aged from 0 to 72 hours of life hospitalized for confirmed early bacterial neonatal infection with a positive C</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">reactive protein (CRP) in the neonatal department of the CHU Gabriel Touré. INBP was defined by the presence of maternal and neonatal infectious risk factors, positivity of CRP with a germ in the blood culture. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> During the study period we included 244 newborns for probable maternofetal infection and who benefited from the CRP assay, 43 had a positive CRP, </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">i</span></i></span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span></i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">e</span></i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> a frequency of 17.62%. The sex ratio was 2.30. The majority had a low birth weight (<2500</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">g) in 69.8% of cases. Mothers were aged 18 to 35 in 93%. The majority were out of school (43.8%) and housewives in 74.4%. The main reasons for consultations were prematurity and/or low birth weight, respiratory distress and neonatal distress, </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">i</span></i></span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span></i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">e</span></i><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span></i><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">46.5%, 25.6% and 11.6% respectively. Among the 43 newborns with a positive CRP, the blood culture returned p</span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ositive in 79.1% (n = 34). We deplore 2 deaths (4.7%). The main bacteria were gram-positive cocci (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Staphylococcus aureus</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> 53.01% and </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Streptococccus agalactiae</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> 4.10%), gram-negative bacilli (GNB) type </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Enterobacteriaceae (Klebsiella pneumoniae</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> 11.25% and </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">E. coli</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> at 5.70%) and non-fermentativ</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">e </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">GNB</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s </span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">(</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Pseudomonas aeruginosa</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> 2.80% and </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Acinetobacter baumannii</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> complex </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2.24%). </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusion:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Maternal-fetal infection is a hospital pathology frequently encountered in the neonatal period. Its clinical presentation is dominated by respiratory distress, neurological disorders and low birth weight.</span></span>
文摘Autism spectrum disorder(ASD)is a group of heterogeneous,multi-factorial,neurodevelopmental disorders resulting from genetic and environmental factors interplay.Infection is a significant trigger of autism,especially during the critical developmental period.There is a strong interplay between the viral infection as a trigger and a result of ASD.We aim to highlight the mutual relationship between autism and viruses.We performed a thorough literature review and included 158 research in this review.Most of the literature agreed on the possible effects of the viral infection during the critical period of development on the risk of developing autism,especially for specific viral infections such as Rubella,Cytomegalovirus,Herpes Simplex virus,Varicella Zoster Virus,Influenza virus,Zika virus,and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.Viral infection directly infects the brain,triggers immune activation,induces epigenetic changes,and raises the risks of having a child with autism.At the same time,there is some evidence of increased risk of infection,including viral infections in children with autism,due to lots of factors.There is an increased risk of developing autism with a specific viral infection during the early developmental period and an increased risk of viral infections in children with autism.In addition,children with autism are at increased risk of infection,including viruses.Every effort should be made to prevent maternal and early-life infections and reduce the risk of autism.Immune modulation of children with autism should be considered to reduce the risk of infection.