Today anthropogenic climate change is underway and predicted future global temperatures vary significantly. However, the drivers of current climate change and their links to Earth’s natural glacial cycle have yet to ...Today anthropogenic climate change is underway and predicted future global temperatures vary significantly. However, the drivers of current climate change and their links to Earth’s natural glacial cycle have yet to be fully resolved. Currently, many on a local level understand, and are exposed to, the heat energy generated by what’s referred to as the urban heat island effect (UHI), whereby natural flora with higher albedos </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">is</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> replaced by manmade urban areas with lower albedos. This heat effect is not constrained to these regions and all anthropogenic surfaces with lower albedos need to be studied and quantified as the accumulated additional heat energy (infrared energy) is trapped within Earth’s atmosphere and could affect the Earth on a planetary level. Deployed satellites have detected critical changes to Earth’s albedo to lower levels, however the cause and impact of these changes have yet to be fully understood and incorporated into Global Circulation models (GCMs). Here it’s shown that industrialization of anthropogenic landscape practices of the past century has displaced millions of square kilometres of naturally high albedo grasslands with lower albedo agricultural landscapes. Utilising a fundamental Energy Balance Model, (EBM) it’s demonstrated these specific changes have generated vast amounts of additional heat energy which is trapped by the atmosphere, transferred and stored within the oceans of the Earth as shown in <b></span></span></span><a href="file:///E:/360data/%E9%87%8D%E8%A6%81%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE/%E6%A1%8C%E9%9D%A2/%E7%A9%BA%E7%99%BD%E9%A1%B5.docx#F1"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Figure 1</span></b></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></b></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. The total additional heat energy accumulated over the preceding 110 years correlates to that required to warm the Earth to the levels seen to date, altering Earth’s overall energy budget. This energy will continue to accumulate and warm the Earth to a predicted 1.60 ± 0.20 Celsius by 2050 over 1910 levels. These findings are independent of anthropogenic Greenhouse Gas (GHG) additions and are further validated by predicting Earth’s temperature and albedo at the last glacial maxima, suggesting that an albedo cycle aligned to Gaia theory is the primary driver of Earth’s natural climate cycle.展开更多
地基雷达观测可以提供太阳系天体目标的地形地貌、物理特征、轨道动力等信息。聚焦利用地基雷达天文技术开展月球观测的原理方法和科学意义,介绍了基于我国现有深空雷达上行装置、射电望远镜条件以及非相干散射雷达等系统,初步开展的特...地基雷达观测可以提供太阳系天体目标的地形地貌、物理特征、轨道动力等信息。聚焦利用地基雷达天文技术开展月球观测的原理方法和科学意义,介绍了基于我国现有深空雷达上行装置、射电望远镜条件以及非相干散射雷达等系统,初步开展的特高频段(Ultra High Frequency,UHF)和X频段的地基雷达观测月球试验。通过月球反射回波的信号处理,获得了延迟、多普勒频移等参数,得到了一致的与近表层物质密度相关的月面雷达反射率,并得到了月球的左右旋圆极化率,反映了与波长同尺度的月球近表层结构。文章积累的数据处理经验将为我国的小行星预警、行星历表等地基雷达观测研究提供技术基础。展开更多
土地利用/覆盖变化(Land Use and Land Cover Change,LUCC)对全球有着重要影响,其已对植被覆盖、地表温度(Land Surface Temperature,LST)、反照率以及其它陆表参数产生显著影响。三峡工程自建设以来,库区的土地利用变化逐渐受到外界关...土地利用/覆盖变化(Land Use and Land Cover Change,LUCC)对全球有着重要影响,其已对植被覆盖、地表温度(Land Surface Temperature,LST)、反照率以及其它陆表参数产生显著影响。三峡工程自建设以来,库区的土地利用变化逐渐受到外界关注。利用欧空局300 m的土地覆盖分类数据分析三峡库区2000~2015年的土地利用变化;依托先进的Google Earth Engine(GEE)平台,获取MODIS(Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer,MODIS)NDVI(Normalized Difference Vegetation Index,NDVI)、LST和反照率数据,并分析三者的时空变化趋势;此外,探究季节性归一化植被指数(Seasonally Integrated Normalized Difference Vegetation Index,SINDVI)与LST和反照率的关系;并分析土地利用变化对SINDVI、LST和反照率的影响。结果表明:2000~2015年,三峡库区土地利用变化显著,耕地、草地、灌木地分别减少2.4%,0.05%和0.62%;林地、水域和人造地表分别增加1.98%,0.04%和1.06%。研究期间SINDVI增加2.89,LST下降0.224℃,反照率减少0.002。总体来看,三峡库区SINDVI的空间分布格局与LST和反照率的相反,且库区大部分区域SINDVI与LST和反照率呈负相关。另外,不同土地类型对SINDVI、LST和反照率影响不同。该文系统地研究了LUCC与上述关键陆表参数的定量关系,可为更好地管理该地区自然环境和土地资源提供科学的依据。展开更多
文摘Today anthropogenic climate change is underway and predicted future global temperatures vary significantly. However, the drivers of current climate change and their links to Earth’s natural glacial cycle have yet to be fully resolved. Currently, many on a local level understand, and are exposed to, the heat energy generated by what’s referred to as the urban heat island effect (UHI), whereby natural flora with higher albedos </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">is</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> replaced by manmade urban areas with lower albedos. This heat effect is not constrained to these regions and all anthropogenic surfaces with lower albedos need to be studied and quantified as the accumulated additional heat energy (infrared energy) is trapped within Earth’s atmosphere and could affect the Earth on a planetary level. Deployed satellites have detected critical changes to Earth’s albedo to lower levels, however the cause and impact of these changes have yet to be fully understood and incorporated into Global Circulation models (GCMs). Here it’s shown that industrialization of anthropogenic landscape practices of the past century has displaced millions of square kilometres of naturally high albedo grasslands with lower albedo agricultural landscapes. Utilising a fundamental Energy Balance Model, (EBM) it’s demonstrated these specific changes have generated vast amounts of additional heat energy which is trapped by the atmosphere, transferred and stored within the oceans of the Earth as shown in <b></span></span></span><a href="file:///E:/360data/%E9%87%8D%E8%A6%81%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE/%E6%A1%8C%E9%9D%A2/%E7%A9%BA%E7%99%BD%E9%A1%B5.docx#F1"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Figure 1</span></b></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></b></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. The total additional heat energy accumulated over the preceding 110 years correlates to that required to warm the Earth to the levels seen to date, altering Earth’s overall energy budget. This energy will continue to accumulate and warm the Earth to a predicted 1.60 ± 0.20 Celsius by 2050 over 1910 levels. These findings are independent of anthropogenic Greenhouse Gas (GHG) additions and are further validated by predicting Earth’s temperature and albedo at the last glacial maxima, suggesting that an albedo cycle aligned to Gaia theory is the primary driver of Earth’s natural climate cycle.
文摘地基雷达观测可以提供太阳系天体目标的地形地貌、物理特征、轨道动力等信息。聚焦利用地基雷达天文技术开展月球观测的原理方法和科学意义,介绍了基于我国现有深空雷达上行装置、射电望远镜条件以及非相干散射雷达等系统,初步开展的特高频段(Ultra High Frequency,UHF)和X频段的地基雷达观测月球试验。通过月球反射回波的信号处理,获得了延迟、多普勒频移等参数,得到了一致的与近表层物质密度相关的月面雷达反射率,并得到了月球的左右旋圆极化率,反映了与波长同尺度的月球近表层结构。文章积累的数据处理经验将为我国的小行星预警、行星历表等地基雷达观测研究提供技术基础。
