Three associations of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics （IUGG）--International Association for the Physical Sciences of the Oceans （IAPSO）, International Association of Meteorology and Atmospheric S...Three associations of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics （IUGG）--International Association for the Physical Sciences of the Oceans （IAPSO）, International Association of Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences （IA- MAS） and International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy （IAGA）--held their joint Scientific Assembly over 27 August-1 September in Cape Town, South Africa. This was the first full IAMAS assembly to be held in Africa （Figs. 1 ＆ 2）.展开更多
Sponsored by: Chinese Academy of Sciences National Natural Science Foundation of China Published by: Science in China Press Chairman: ZHOU Guangzhao (Zhou Guang Zhao) Editor-in-Chief: SUN Shu Executive Editors: CHEN Y...Sponsored by: Chinese Academy of Sciences National Natural Science Foundation of China Published by: Science in China Press Chairman: ZHOU Guangzhao (Zhou Guang Zhao) Editor-in-Chief: SUN Shu Executive Editors: CHEN Yong MA Zongjin OUYANG Ziyuan SU Jilan SUN Honglie WANG Pinxian ZHOU Xiuii展开更多
Acta Geologica Sinica (hereinafter referred to as the Acta) starting publication in 1922, is a quaterly academia periodical sponsored by the Geological Society of China (GSC). It has been one of the science and techno...Acta Geologica Sinica (hereinafter referred to as the Acta) starting publication in 1922, is a quaterly academia periodical sponsored by the Geological Society of China (GSC). It has been one of the science and technology periodicals in China with the longest history.展开更多
Ⅰ. BASICS OF THE DIVISION’S INFRASTRUCTURE In line with the stipulations of the Constitution of CAS Membership, we elected 20 new CAS members in 1993 and 1995. So, our Division now has a total of 102 CAS members, di...Ⅰ. BASICS OF THE DIVISION’S INFRASTRUCTURE In line with the stipulations of the Constitution of CAS Membership, we elected 20 new CAS members in 1993 and 1995. So, our Division now has a total of 102 CAS members, distributed in 15 provinces and municipalities and in 13 governmental departments. On average, the membership is 71.28 years old, including 26 older than 80, 58 between 61 and 79 and 15 at or younger than 60 years old. At the Seventh Congress of the CAS Membership held in 1994, there were 17 of our Division members elected to its standing committee. Of展开更多
Big Data Analytics is an emerging field since massive storage and computing capabilities have been made available by advanced e-infrastructures.Earth and Environmental sciences are likely to benefit from Big Data Anal...Big Data Analytics is an emerging field since massive storage and computing capabilities have been made available by advanced e-infrastructures.Earth and Environmental sciences are likely to benefit from Big Data Analytics techniques supporting the processing of the large number of Earth Observation datasets currently acquired and generated through observations and simulations.However,Earth Science data and applications present specificities in terms of relevance of the geospatial information,wide heterogeneity of data models and formats,and complexity of processing.Therefore,Big Earth Data Analytics requires specifically tailored techniques and tools.The EarthServer Big Earth Data Analytics engine offers a solution for coverage-type datasets,built around a high performance array database technology,and the adoption and enhancement of standards for service interaction(OGC WCS and WCPS).The EarthServer solution,led by the collection of requirements from scientific communities and international initiatives,provides a holistic approach that ranges from query languages and scalability up to mobile access and visualization.The result is demonstrated and validated through the development of lighthouse applications in the Marine,Geology,Atmospheric,Planetary and Cryospheric science domains.展开更多
Geoscience ThinkingA brief history of development of geological science in China.Wang Hongzhen.(Sup):1-8 .Geology as a branch of science was originated and developed inthe West.The history of its development consists ...Geoscience ThinkingA brief history of development of geological science in China.Wang Hongzhen.(Sup):1-8 .Geology as a branch of science was originated and developed inthe West.The history of its development consists of the InitialStage prior to the mid-fifteenth century,the Preparatory Stagefrom mid-fifteenth to mid-eighteenth century,the FoundingStage from 1750 to 1840,the Developing Stage from 1840 to 1910,and the Prosperous Stage of contemporary geology from 1910 to展开更多
The ultrahard X-ray multifunctional application beamline(BL12SW)is a phase-II beamline project at the Shanghai Syn-chrotron Radiation Facility.The primary X-ray techniques used at the beamline are high-energy X-ray di...The ultrahard X-ray multifunctional application beamline(BL12SW)is a phase-II beamline project at the Shanghai Syn-chrotron Radiation Facility.The primary X-ray techniques used at the beamline are high-energy X-ray diffraction and imaging using white and monochromatic light.The main scientific objectives of ultrahard X-ray beamlines are focused on two research areas.One is the study of the structural properties of Earth’s interior and new materials under extreme high-temperature and high-pressure conditions,and the other is the characterization of materials and processes in near-real service environments.The beamline utilizes a superconducting wiggler as the light source,with two diamond windows and SiC discs to filter out low-energy light(primarily below 30 keV)and a Cu filter assembly to control the thermal load entering the subsequent optical components.The beamline is equipped with dual monochromators.The first was a meridional bending Laue monochromator cooled by liquid nitrogen,achieving a full-energy coverage of 30-162 keV.The second was a sagittal bending Laue monochromator installed in an external building,providing a focused beam in the horizontal direction with an energy range of 60-120 keV.There were four experimental hutches:two large-volume press experimental hutches(LVP1 and LVP2)and two engineering material experimental hutches(ENG1 and ENG2).Each hutch was equipped with various near-real service conditions to satisfy different requirements.For example,LVP1 and LVP2 were equipped with a 200-ton DDIA press and a 2000-ton dual-mode(DDIA and Kawai)press,respectively.ENG1 and ENG2 provide in situ tensile,creep,and fatigue tests as well as high-temperature conditions.Since June 2023,the BL12SW has been in trial operation.It is expected to officially open to users by early 2024.展开更多
Earth Science from Space is an interdisciplinary discipline that studies the interactions,mechanisms,and evolution of the Earth system through space observation.In China,the national medium-to long-term civilian space...Earth Science from Space is an interdisciplinary discipline that studies the interactions,mechanisms,and evolution of the Earth system through space observation.In China,the national medium-to long-term civilian space infrastructure development plan and the space-science pilot project from the Chinese Academy of Sciences are two programs associated with advancing the Earth science from space.This paper reports recent scientific findings,developments and the status of the six missions.It is organized as the following sections:Introduction,two satellite missions that are already in orbit—the TanSat-1 for atmospheric COand the LuTan-1 for global surface deformation,a Terrestrial Ecosystem Carbon Inventory Satellite to be launched in 2022,and three missions that passed the PhaseⅡstudy and planned for near future—the Ocean Surface Current multiscale Observation,the Terrestrial Water Resources Satellite.Climate and Atmospheric Components Exploring Satellites(CACES),followed by the conclusion.展开更多
The fundamental theoretical framework of the Multisphere Tectonics of the Earth System is as follows:(1)It intends to extend the geotectonic studies from the crustal and lithospheric tectonics to the multisphere tecto...The fundamental theoretical framework of the Multisphere Tectonics of the Earth System is as follows:(1)It intends to extend the geotectonic studies from the crustal and lithospheric tectonics to the multisphere tectonics of the Ear th system as a whole.(2)The global dynamics driven by both the Earth system and the cosmic celestial system:solar energy,multispheric interactions of the Earth system and the combined effects of the motions of celestial bodies in the cosmos syste m are the driving forces of various geological processes.(3)The Continent-Ocean transformation theory:the continent and ocean are two opposite yet unified geological units,which can be transformed into each other;neither continent nor ocean wi ll survive forever;there is no one-way development of continental accretion or ocean extinction;the simple theory of one-way continental accretion is regarded as invalid.(4)The continental crust and mantle are characterized by multiple layers,with different layers liable to slide along the interfaces between them,but corroboration is needed that continents move as a who le or even drift freely.(5)The cyclic evolution theory:the development of Earth’s tectonics is not a uniform change,but a spiral forward evolution,characterized by a combination of non-uniform,non-linear,gradual and catastrophic changes;different evolutionary stages(tectonic cycles)of Earth have distinctive global tectonic patterns and characteristics,one tectonic mo del should not be applied to different tectonic cycles or evolutionary stages.(6)The structure and evolution of Earth are asymmetric and heterogeneous,thus one tectonic model cannot be applied to different areas of the world.(7)The polycyclic evolution of the continental crust:the continental crust is formed by polycyclic tectonics and magmatism,rather than simply lateral or vertical accretion.(8)The role of deep faults:the deep fault zones cutting through different layers of the crus t a nd mantle usually play important roles in tectonic evolution.For example,the present-day mid-ocean ridge fault zones,transform fault zones and Benioff zones outline the global tectonic framework.Different tectonic cycles and stages of Earth’s evolutio n must have their own distinctive deep fault systems which control the global tectonic framework and evolutionary processes during different tectonic cycles and stages.Starting from the two mantle superplumes Jason(Pacific)and Tuzo(Africa),the study of the evolutionary process of the composition and structure of the crust and mantle during the great transformation an d reorganization of the Meso-Cenozoic tectonic framework in China and the other regions of Asia is a good demonstration of theory of Multisphere Tectonics of the Earth System.展开更多
文摘Three associations of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics （IUGG）--International Association for the Physical Sciences of the Oceans （IAPSO）, International Association of Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences （IA- MAS） and International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy （IAGA）--held their joint Scientific Assembly over 27 August-1 September in Cape Town, South Africa. This was the first full IAMAS assembly to be held in Africa （Figs. 1 ＆ 2）.
文摘Sponsored by: Chinese Academy of Sciences National Natural Science Foundation of China Published by: Science in China Press Chairman: ZHOU Guangzhao (Zhou Guang Zhao) Editor-in-Chief: SUN Shu Executive Editors: CHEN Yong MA Zongjin OUYANG Ziyuan SU Jilan SUN Honglie WANG Pinxian ZHOU Xiuii
文摘Acta Geologica Sinica (hereinafter referred to as the Acta) starting publication in 1922, is a quaterly academia periodical sponsored by the Geological Society of China (GSC). It has been one of the science and technology periodicals in China with the longest history.
文摘Ⅰ. BASICS OF THE DIVISION’S INFRASTRUCTURE In line with the stipulations of the Constitution of CAS Membership, we elected 20 new CAS members in 1993 and 1995. So, our Division now has a total of 102 CAS members, distributed in 15 provinces and municipalities and in 13 governmental departments. On average, the membership is 71.28 years old, including 26 older than 80, 58 between 61 and 79 and 15 at or younger than 60 years old. At the Seventh Congress of the CAS Membership held in 1994, there were 17 of our Division members elected to its standing committee. Of
基金the European Community under grant agreement 283610 EarthServer.
文摘Big Data Analytics is an emerging field since massive storage and computing capabilities have been made available by advanced e-infrastructures.Earth and Environmental sciences are likely to benefit from Big Data Analytics techniques supporting the processing of the large number of Earth Observation datasets currently acquired and generated through observations and simulations.However,Earth Science data and applications present specificities in terms of relevance of the geospatial information,wide heterogeneity of data models and formats,and complexity of processing.Therefore,Big Earth Data Analytics requires specifically tailored techniques and tools.The EarthServer Big Earth Data Analytics engine offers a solution for coverage-type datasets,built around a high performance array database technology,and the adoption and enhancement of standards for service interaction(OGC WCS and WCPS).The EarthServer solution,led by the collection of requirements from scientific communities and international initiatives,provides a holistic approach that ranges from query languages and scalability up to mobile access and visualization.The result is demonstrated and validated through the development of lighthouse applications in the Marine,Geology,Atmospheric,Planetary and Cryospheric science domains.
文摘Geoscience ThinkingA brief history of development of geological science in China.Wang Hongzhen.(Sup):1-8 .Geology as a branch of science was originated and developed inthe West.The history of its development consists of the InitialStage prior to the mid-fifteenth century,the Preparatory Stagefrom mid-fifteenth to mid-eighteenth century,the FoundingStage from 1750 to 1840,the Developing Stage from 1840 to 1910,and the Prosperous Stage of contemporary geology from 1910 to
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12334010,42274121).
文摘The ultrahard X-ray multifunctional application beamline(BL12SW)is a phase-II beamline project at the Shanghai Syn-chrotron Radiation Facility.The primary X-ray techniques used at the beamline are high-energy X-ray diffraction and imaging using white and monochromatic light.The main scientific objectives of ultrahard X-ray beamlines are focused on two research areas.One is the study of the structural properties of Earth’s interior and new materials under extreme high-temperature and high-pressure conditions,and the other is the characterization of materials and processes in near-real service environments.The beamline utilizes a superconducting wiggler as the light source,with two diamond windows and SiC discs to filter out low-energy light(primarily below 30 keV)and a Cu filter assembly to control the thermal load entering the subsequent optical components.The beamline is equipped with dual monochromators.The first was a meridional bending Laue monochromator cooled by liquid nitrogen,achieving a full-energy coverage of 30-162 keV.The second was a sagittal bending Laue monochromator installed in an external building,providing a focused beam in the horizontal direction with an energy range of 60-120 keV.There were four experimental hutches:two large-volume press experimental hutches(LVP1 and LVP2)and two engineering material experimental hutches(ENG1 and ENG2).Each hutch was equipped with various near-real service conditions to satisfy different requirements.For example,LVP1 and LVP2 were equipped with a 200-ton DDIA press and a 2000-ton dual-mode(DDIA and Kawai)press,respectively.ENG1 and ENG2 provide in situ tensile,creep,and fatigue tests as well as high-temperature conditions.Since June 2023,the BL12SW has been in trial operation.It is expected to officially open to users by early 2024.
文摘Earth Science from Space is an interdisciplinary discipline that studies the interactions,mechanisms,and evolution of the Earth system through space observation.In China,the national medium-to long-term civilian space infrastructure development plan and the space-science pilot project from the Chinese Academy of Sciences are two programs associated with advancing the Earth science from space.This paper reports recent scientific findings,developments and the status of the six missions.It is organized as the following sections:Introduction,two satellite missions that are already in orbit—the TanSat-1 for atmospheric COand the LuTan-1 for global surface deformation,a Terrestrial Ecosystem Carbon Inventory Satellite to be launched in 2022,and three missions that passed the PhaseⅡstudy and planned for near future—the Ocean Surface Current multiscale Observation,the Terrestrial Water Resources Satellite.Climate and Atmospheric Components Exploring Satellites(CACES),followed by the conclusion.
基金This work was funded by the Geological Survey Fund of the China Geological Survey(Grant Nos.DD20190358,DD20221646)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42172218,41772195).
文摘The fundamental theoretical framework of the Multisphere Tectonics of the Earth System is as follows:(1)It intends to extend the geotectonic studies from the crustal and lithospheric tectonics to the multisphere tectonics of the Ear th system as a whole.(2)The global dynamics driven by both the Earth system and the cosmic celestial system:solar energy,multispheric interactions of the Earth system and the combined effects of the motions of celestial bodies in the cosmos syste m are the driving forces of various geological processes.(3)The Continent-Ocean transformation theory:the continent and ocean are two opposite yet unified geological units,which can be transformed into each other;neither continent nor ocean wi ll survive forever;there is no one-way development of continental accretion or ocean extinction;the simple theory of one-way continental accretion is regarded as invalid.(4)The continental crust and mantle are characterized by multiple layers,with different layers liable to slide along the interfaces between them,but corroboration is needed that continents move as a who le or even drift freely.(5)The cyclic evolution theory:the development of Earth’s tectonics is not a uniform change,but a spiral forward evolution,characterized by a combination of non-uniform,non-linear,gradual and catastrophic changes;different evolutionary stages(tectonic cycles)of Earth have distinctive global tectonic patterns and characteristics,one tectonic mo del should not be applied to different tectonic cycles or evolutionary stages.(6)The structure and evolution of Earth are asymmetric and heterogeneous,thus one tectonic model cannot be applied to different areas of the world.(7)The polycyclic evolution of the continental crust:the continental crust is formed by polycyclic tectonics and magmatism,rather than simply lateral or vertical accretion.(8)The role of deep faults:the deep fault zones cutting through different layers of the crus t a nd mantle usually play important roles in tectonic evolution.For example,the present-day mid-ocean ridge fault zones,transform fault zones and Benioff zones outline the global tectonic framework.Different tectonic cycles and stages of Earth’s evolutio n must have their own distinctive deep fault systems which control the global tectonic framework and evolutionary processes during different tectonic cycles and stages.Starting from the two mantle superplumes Jason(Pacific)and Tuzo(Africa),the study of the evolutionary process of the composition and structure of the crust and mantle during the great transformation an d reorganization of the Meso-Cenozoic tectonic framework in China and the other regions of Asia is a good demonstration of theory of Multisphere Tectonics of the Earth System.
