Study on evaluation of cities' ability reducing earthquake disasters

Cities ability reducing earthquake disasters is a complex system involving numerous factors, moreover the re-search on evaluating cities ability reducing earthquake disasters relates to multi-subject, such as earthquake sci-ence, social science, economical science and so on. In this paper, firstly, the conception of cities ability reducing earthquake disasters is presented, and the ability could be evaluated with three basic elements the possible seis-mic casualty and economic loss during the future earthquakes that are likely to occur in the city and its surround-ings and time required for recovery after earthquake; based upon these three basic elements, a framework, which consists of six main components, for evaluating citys ability reducing earthquake disasters is proposed; then the statistical relations between the index system and the ratio of seismic casualty, the ratio of economic loss and re-covery time are gained utilizing the cities prediction results of earthquake disasters which were made during the ninth five-year plan; at last, the method defining the comprehensive index of cities ability reducing earthquake disasters is presented. Thus the relatively comprehensive theory frame is set up. The frame can evaluate cities ability reducing earthquake disasters absolutely and quantitatively and consequently instruct the decision-making on reducing cities earthquake disasters loss.

Cultivate Critical Thinking Ability via Students’ Presentations in College English Classes

In the new era when demands for flexible intellectual skills are increasing,strengthening the cultivation of critical thinking ability of students has become one of the key purposes of higher education.This paper intends to discuss how to cultivate students’critical thinking ability through English classroom presentations.It points out that during the whole process,teachers’guidance plays an indispensable role.Only when both teachers and students are aware that classroom presentations are a golden opportunity for the cultivation of students’critical thinking ability and carry this awareness into their English classes,can English presentations be brought into full play.

Study on Fine Crustal Structure of the Sanhe-Pinggu Earthquake (M8.0) Region by Deep Seismic Reflection Profiling

Two near-vertical deep seismic reflection profiles (140km-long, 24-fold) were completed in the 1679 Sanhe-Pinggu earthquake (M8.0) region. The profiles ran through the Xiadian fault and the Ershilichangshan fault. The profiling result shows that the crust in this region is divided into the upper crust, the lower crust and the crust-mantle transitional zone by two powerful laminated reflectors: one at the two-way travel-time of about 7.0s (21km), the other at about 11.0～12.5s (33～37km). Crustal structure varies significantly in vertical direction. The shallow part is characterized by obvious stratification, multilayers and complexity. The upper crust on the whole features reflection “transparency”, while the lower crust features distinct reflectivity. Crustal structure also varies a lot in the lateral direction. The main fracture in this region is the deep fault under the Xiadian fault. This deep fault is steeply inclined (nearly vertical), and is supposed to be the causative fault of the Sanhe-Pinggu M8.0 earthquake. The two profiles respectively reveal the existence of local strong reflectivity in the lower crust and the lower part of the upper crust, which is assumed to be a dike or rock mass formed by the upwelling and cooling down of materials from the upper mantle. Magmatic activity in this part brought about differences in regional stress distribution, which then gave rise to the formation of the deep fault. That is supposed to be the deep structural setting for the Sanhe-Pinggu M8.0 earthquake.

Geological Condition of Precursor Observation Station Site and Its Influence on Earthquake-Reflection Capacity in the Capital Circle

In this paper,the geological and hydrogeological conditions of 38 observational stations of crustal deformation,29 observation wells of groundwater and 15 observation stations of electromagnetic precursor are systematically collected.On the basis of 58 anomalies before 5 moderate and strong earthquakes occurred during 1976-1989,the influence of geological and hydrogeological conditions on the earthquake-reflecting of the stations or wells is analyzed one by one.The conclusion reached is that the main geological conditions influencing the earthquake-reflecting capacity of the stations for crustal deformation are the tectonic unit,the strike,distance and active time of the neighboring faults and the lithologic property of the sites.The main conditions influencing the earthquake-reflecting capacity of the observation wells are the tectonic unit,the strike,distance,the position of the neighboring fault,the depth of the wells and the lithologic property of the aquifers.The main conditions influencing the

Exploring the Wenchuan earthquake fault through the accurate location of WFSD-4#Well using seismic reflection

Deep drilling data on seismogenic faults that are obtained directly can help in understanding earthquake mechanisms and the resulting changes in deep structure and material composition.However,geophysical data are necessary to ensure that the planned borehole accurately drills through the target faults.In this study,the deep crustal structure of the Longmenshan fault is explored to obtain seismogenic fault characteristics of the Wenchuan earthquake.A scientific drilling project,Wenchuan Earthquake Fault Scientific Drilling No.4 Borehole(WFSD-4)is proposed with a borehole designed to drill through the north section of the fault zone while penetrating as many geological bodies and target layers related to seismogenic fault slip as possible.High-precision seismic exploration is then carried out to study the deep structure of the fault zone and achieve the scientific objective of the borehole.Two high-precision deep seismic reflection lines were arranged perpendicularly to the fault zone,and data were obtained through special acquisition schemes and processing methods.Finally,the surface position and drilling depth route of WFSD-4 are determined based on the interpretation results of seismic profiles.The seismic reflection method for site selection of the Wenchuan earthquake fault scientific drilling is proven feasible by comparing the interpretation with the actual drilling results,laying the foundation for further study on the deep structures of fault zones.

Cultivating Students＇ Reflective Learning Ability in College English Teaching

This paper aims to explore whether reflective learning ability can be fostered and nurtured with special instruction and whether it can enhance students＇ motivation of learning English. The experiment lasted four months, taking two parallel classes of the sophomore students at English major in Ningbo Dahongying University as the subjects. The results show that students can raise their awareness of reflective thinking and acquire reflective learning ability with teachers＇ instruction, and the two reflective activities （writing reflective journals and peer-evaluation） are very effective to increase students＇ motivation of learning English and improve their academic performances in English study.

Improvement of Teaching Ability based on Teaching Reflection and Evaluation： Taking Economics Teaching as an Example

Scientific teaching quality evaluation system and the effective operation mechanism have a positive meaning for promoting teaching reform. Teachers’ specialization is the core of education, and is the starting point and end-result of education reform. Teachers’ professional development has three kinds of orientation rational orientation, reflection-evaluation orientation, and ecological orientation. Some new research suggests that re？ ection-evaluation orientation is the best way to improve teachers’ professional abilities. At present, reflective teacher education has become worldwide trend. Compared with experiential teaching, reflective teaching is a sort of positive tool which is used to help teachers conduct their active and professional work. The main purpose of reflective teaching is to allow teachers to reffect on their own work and self-evaluation, and improve their methodology, eventually improve teaching methods and promote student learning. Nevertheless, there are many problems in the teaching quality evaluation system in the aspects of concept, subject, standard, organization, etc. Therefore, we have to reffect and reconstruct the teaching quality evaluation system in colleges and universities.

Crustal structure in northern margin of Tianshan mountains and seismotectonics of the 1906 Manas earthquake

长86 km、南北向横跨乌鲁木齐坳陷的深地震反射剖面,揭示了北天山山前地壳的薄皮构造特征.共深度点叠加剖面的石河子以南部分显示了天山北缘平行山体的第一和第二排背斜构造.与双程时间分别为2.5～3.0s和5.5～6.0s的反射事件对应的滑脱构造,将地壳深部构造与地表逆断裂-褶皱构造联系在一起.玛纳斯断裂以铲形方式向下延伸,在2.5s左右深度归并于第一滑脱面,向南与清水河断裂汇合.在5.5～6.0s深度上为与玛纳斯下背斜相连的主滑脱面.它们最终汇集到准噶尔南缘断裂.石河子以北的坳陷沉积深度达12～14km.沿剖面的莫霍界面深度在准噶尔盆地为45km左右,往南加深至50km.对该区域内的深地震测深剖面和布格重力异常资料的分析结果,与深反射剖面的地壳结构图象具有一致性.深地震反射剖面通过1906年玛纳斯7.7级地震宏观震中区,共深度点叠加剖面用于推断玛纳斯7.7级地震与北天山山前地壳构造之间的关系:玛纳斯地震属于一类“褶皱地震”,其发震构造是由准噶尔南缘断裂、清水河逆冲断裂、滑脱面和玛纳斯浅部断坡组成的断层系.

Outlets for Cultural Heritages Protection in Disaster Area after the Earthquake—A Case Study of 5·12 Earthquake Area in China

Based on the cultural heritages' characteristics in Wenchuan earthquake disaster area and after the analysis of cultural heritages destruction after the earthquake,the paper had concluded the damage of cultural heritages in different areas and forms,and pointed out the significance of earthquake resistance of cultural heritages and outlets for cultural heritages protection.Furthermore,it proposed measures and suggestions for cultural heritages protection from the perspective of national laws and regulations and the broad masses of the people.It emphasized that it should enhance all kinds of prevention measures by means of law and effectively protect cultural heritages;definitely formulae earthquake-proofing standards of architectures in law;intensify the protection of non-material cultural heritages;and protect architectural cultural heritages as many as possible.Besides,it should call on the broad masses of the people who would be the major force and true master of architectural cultural heritages protection.On this basis,it had further taken international beneficial experience for non-material cultural heritages as the reference,so as to help people think about cultural heritages protection.

The structure and ability of the China Seismological Gravity Monitoring System

This paper assesses the structure and ability of Local Seismological Gravity Monitoring Network (LSGMN) in China main tectonic zone and China Seismological Gravity Monitoring System (CSGMS) which formed after the project of 'China Crustal Movement Observation Network (CCMON)' has been performed. The main conclusions drawn are as follows: ①LSGMN has good monitoring and prediction ability for the earthquake of M_s about 5. But it lacks ability to monitor and predict the strong earthquake of M_s>6 because of the little range of the observation network;②CSGMS has good ability to monitor and predict the earthquake of M_s>7, but the resolving power is not enough for the earthquake magnitude from M_s=6 to M_s=7 because the observation stations are too sparse.

Reflective Consciousness of Teaching and Learning on English Curriculum in Higher Vocational Colleges

In English classroom of higher vocational colleges,there exist two essential factors:teachers'reflective consciousness and students'reflective consciousness.The former is teachers'awareness of learning activities and effect,and it contains the teacher's reflections on the classroom practice,the presentation of learning tasks,the participation of students and the interaction between teachers and students in the classroom.The latter refers to students'awareness of self-improvement and the growing process.It focuses on the self-realization of students and their professional ability,method ability and social ability.The two factors are interactive to each other;in the interaction,the former is dominated,and the latter is strongly influenced;through the interaction,a harmonious classroom is constructed so as to achieve the effective teaching.

Offshore Fault Geometrics in the Pearl River Estuary,Southeastern China:Evidence from Seismic Reflection Data

The Pearl River Estuary(PRE) is located at the onshore-offshore transition zone between South China and South China Sea Basin, and it is of great significant value in discussing tectonic relationships between South China block and South China Sea block and seismic activities along the offshore active faults in PRE. However, the researches on geometric characteristics of offshore faults in this area are extremely lacking. To investigate the offshore fault distribution and their geometric features in the PRE in greater detail, we acquired thirteen seismic reflection profiles in 2015. Combining the analysis of the seismic reflection and free-air gravity anomaly data, this paper revealed the location, continuity, and geometry of the littoral fault zone and other offshore faults in PRE. The littoral fault zone is composed of the major Dangan Islands fault and several parallel, high-angle, normal faults, which mainly trend northeast to northeast-to-east and dip to the southeast with large displacements. The fault zone is divided into three different segments by the northwest-trending faults. Moreover, the basement depth around Dangan Islands is very shallow, while it suddenly increases along the islands westward and southward. These has resulted in the islands and neighboring areas becoming the places where the stress accumulates easily. The seismogenic pattern of this area is closely related to the comprehensive effect of intersecting faults together with the low velocity layer.

不同赋存形式H_(2)映震特征及机理分析

乌鲁木齐04泉水中溶解气H_(2)和阿克苏断层土壤气H_(2)监测点均属新疆地震监测预报评估A类。本文以二者为研究对象,分析不同赋存形式H_(2)浓度的动态变化特征;利用R值评分方法和Molchan图表法对H_(2)浓度进行映震效能检验,并提取异常指标;探讨和分析不同赋存形式H_(2)的映震机理。结论如下:乌鲁木齐04泉水中溶解气H_(2)浓度受气象因素影响较小,而阿克苏断层土壤气H_(2)浓度受气压和气温双重影响,其中以气温影响为主。R值评分方法和Molchan图表法检验显示,两个监测点均具有较好的短期预测效能。H_(2)浓度测项具有较好的短临预测效能,这得益于H_(2)的物理化学性质稳定且迁移速度极快。

高管团队行为整合对双元创新的影响:组织能力的中介作用和批判性反思的调节作用

双元创新是企业在激烈竞争的市场环境中保持领先的关键,是企业持续发展和壮大的重要驱动力。本文以高管团队行为整合、双元创新、组织能力和批判性反思为自变量、因变量、中介变量和调节变量,以209家高新技术企业为实证研究样本,通过理论分析与实证研究,揭示了高管团队行为整合对双元创新的影响,以及组织能力的中介作用和批判性反思的调节作用。研究结果表明:高管团队行为整合对双元创新有显著的正向作用,适应能力仅在高管团队行为整合与突破性创新之间起完全中介作用,协调能力在高管团队与双元创新之间起部分中介作用。批判性反思在高管团队行为整合与双元创新之间起正向调节作用。本研究丰富了双元创新理论研究,从高管团队行为整合视角入手,探究了双元创新的可实现性。实证结果为双元创新的可实现性提供了证据支持,也为企业高管实施双元创新提供了理论指导。

吉布斯反思循环在护理硕士研究生腹膜透析临床教学中的应用

目的探讨吉布斯反思循环对腹膜透析中心护理硕士研究生反思洞察力与学习获得感的干预效果。方法采用便利抽样法选取临床实践的护理硕士研究生64名为研究对象,按照入科时间分成对照组33名与试验组31名。对照组采用传统带教方法,试验组在此基础上采取吉布斯反思循环进行临床实践教学,为期4周,研究生根据吉布斯反思循环要求完成反思日记,汇报与分享反思成果并应用于临床实践。比较干预前后两组的反思洞察力与学习获得感。结果干预后对照组的反思洞察力得分为(67.82±2.80)分,试验组为(85.29±2.39)分;干预后对照组学习获得感得分为(92.36±2.53)分,试验组为(98.48±4.36)分,两组比较差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论吉布斯反思循环能够在一定程度上提高腹膜透析中心护理硕士研究生的反思洞察力及学习获得感。

大兴凸起东缘断裂的三维建模及其最大潜在地震评估

通过最新的浅部地震反射剖面和钻孔资料发现了大兴凸起东缘断裂全新世活动的证据,这一发现改变了近几十年以来认为的其晚第四纪以来没有活动的结论,对北京市地震灾害风险普查工作具有重要的应用价值,同时也对大兴凸起东缘断裂最大潜在地震的震级上限评估提出了新的挑战。文中通过收集和整理多条地震浅层物探剖面和地震深反射剖面,利用SKUA-GOCAD三维建模软件构建了大兴凸起东缘断裂的三维模型,模拟了大兴凸起东缘断裂在三维空间中的展布情况,揭示了该断裂的几何学特征及深浅构造关系。通过将大兴凸起东缘断裂和与其呈右阶排列的夏垫断裂进行构造类比,对大兴凸起东缘断裂深、浅部的构造特征进行了讨论,认为大兴凸起东缘断裂是一条深浅共存的活动断裂,并利用震级-破裂尺度经验关系式综合估计该断裂上可能诱发的最大潜在地震为7.5级。这一结论对首都圈南部地区开展震灾防治工作具有重要的科学指导意义。

Titanium dioxide as an adsorbent to enhance the detection ability of near-infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy

A method for quantitative determination of fish sperm deoxyribonucleic acid(fsDNA)was developed by using titanium dioxide(TiO2)as an adsorbent and near-infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy(NIRDRS).The selective enrichment of fsDNA was proved by comparing the adsorption efficiency of bovine serum albumin,tyrosine and tryptophan,and the low adsorption background of TiO2 was illustrated by comparing the spectra of four commonly-used inorganic adsorbents(alkaline aluminium oxide,neutral aluminium oxide,nano-hydroxyapatite and silica).The spectral feature of fsDNA can be clearly observed in the spectrum of the sample.Partial least squares(PLS)model was built for quantitative determination of fsDNA using 28 solutions,and 13 solutions with interferences were used for validation of the model.The results showed that the correlation coefficient(R)between the predicted and the reference concentration is 0.9727 and the recoveries of the validation samples are in the range of 98.2%-100.7%.

大学生《创业基础》课程教学效果质性研究——基于600篇课后学习反思的分析

“双创”教育背景下《创业基础》课程作为公共必修课全面进入到高校人才培养过程中,教学效果评价显得尤为重要。为此基于600篇大学生《创业基础》课程学习反思,运用内容分析法,以学生目标创新能力、方法能力、社会能力的变化评价学习效果。研究表明:目标创新能力上对目标的创新性、持久性、上升性的认识有所提高;方法能力上主要是从学习之初的“洞察市场”到后期成功“商业路演”应变能力提高;社会能力相比较方法能力来说变化较明显,主要体现在学习心态的变化、人际关系的构建、沟通交际能力以及自我的调适能力的提升。为《创业基础》课程教学效果评价提供参考。

心理安全感对研究生问题解决能力的影响——自我反省和创新自我效能感的干预效应

基于批判性反思视角,结合质变学习理论和社会认知理论,采用层级回归方法,探究心理安全感、自我反省和创新自我效能感对研究生问题解决能力的影响及作用机制。结果显示,心理安全感对问题解决能力具有显著正向影响,自我反省在心理安全感与问题解决能力的关系中发挥着部分中介作用,创新自我效能感不仅能直接影响研究生的问题解决能力,而且在心理安全感和自我反省影响问题解决能力的过程中发挥调节作用。基于此,应从注重研究生心理安全感的监测和培养,加强研究生自我反省思维的培养及推动研究生个体创新自我效能感的提升这三方面入手,促进研究生问题解决能力的提升。

3C引导性反馈下情境模拟教学联合反思提示卡在护理学导论中的应用

目的 探讨3C引导性反馈下情境模拟教学联合反思提示卡应用于护理学导论中的效果。方法 选取2022级护理本科新生为研究对象,按班级随机抽取4个班为对照组(195名),4个班为观察组(193名),在《护理学导论》课程教学中,对照组采用传统教学法;观察组采用3C引导性反馈下情境模拟教学联合反思提示卡。评估2组理论测试成绩、学习积极主动性得分和观察组对联合教学的效果评价。结果 教学后观察组的理论测试成绩、学习积极主动性较对照组高(P<0.05)。观察组学生对联合教学效果总体评价较好。结论 在护理学导论中应用3C引导性反馈下情境模拟教学联合反思提示卡,有利于提高学生的学习趣味性和学习积极主动性,利于学生临床思维能力的训练,进而提高学习效果。