Temperature variability caused by internal tides in the coastal waters of east coast of Peninsular Malaysia

The effects of tidal currents(i.e., barotropic and internal tides) are important in the biogeochemistry of a coastal shelf sea. The high-frequency of currents and near-bottom temperatures collected in three consecutive southwest monsoon seasons(May, June, July and August of 2013 until 2015) is presented to reveal the role of the tidal currents to the temperature variability in the coastal shelf sea of the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia(ECPM),south of the South China Sea(SCS). The results of a spectral density and harmonic analysis demonstrate that the near-bottom temperature variability and the tidal currents are influenced by diurnal(O_1 and K_1) and semidiurnal(M_2) tidal currents. The spectral density of residual currents(detided data) at 5, 10 and 16 m depth also shows significant peaks at the diurnal tidal frequency(K_1) and small peaks at the semidiurnal tidal frequency(M_2)indicating the existence of internal tides. The result of the horizontal kinetic energy(HKE) shows a strong intermittent energy of internal tides in the ECPM with the strongest energy is found at 16 m depth during a sporadic cooling event in June and July. A high horizontal cross-shore heat flux(16 m) also indicates strong intrusions of cooler water into the ECPM in June and July. During the short duration of cold pulse water observed in June and July, a cross-wavelet analysis also reveals the strong relationship between the near-bottom temperatures and the internal tidal currents at the diurnal tidal frequency. The intrusion of this cooler water is probably related to the monsoon-induced upwelling in June. It is loosely interpreted that the interaction between the strong barotropic tides and the steep slope in the central basin of the SCS under the stratified condition in southwest monsoon has generated these internal tides. The dissipation of internal tides from the slope area probably has driven the cold-upwelled water into the ECPM coastal shelf sea when the upwelling intensity is the highest in June and July.

Impact of Iron Ore Tailing on Foraminifera of the Uppateru River Estuary, East Coast of India

Benthic foraminiferal assemblages have been used to determine the effects of Iran ore tailing pollution on the marine environment. The present paper attempts to unveil pollution impact as responded by foraminiferal species of Uppateru estuary. The faunal data thus generated is compared with earlier data sets for possible adverse effects. There has been substantial reduction in total foraminiferal number (TFN), from 574 in 2006 to 213 in 2008 species (st.no.3) per10 gram sediment. Even the total species number (TSN) decreased from 27 in (st.no.8) 2006 to 8 (st.no.1) in 2008. Ammonia accounted for its share (68%), followed by Elphidium (7.4%) and Quinqueloculina (6.5%). These genera are considered to be robust and opportunistic type in the study area. This faunal variation in terms of density (TFN) may be owing to the pollution caused by iron ore tailing. This study also supports the view that benthic foraminiferal biota can be used as a tool to monitor marine pollution in general and estuarine environment in specific.

Stochastic Modeling of Flow and Sediment of the Rivers at Delta Head, East Coast of India

Major peninsular rivers debouching into the Bay of Bengal through 2729 km long east coast of India, carry enormous inland flow and sediment from their alluvial basins. Present climate changes, storm irregularities and tsunamis have changed the hydrology of the coastal rivers. The hydrologic interventions for human need have reduced the sediment flow of the rivers resulting in sinking the deltas. Twelve important river basins in the east coast of India were identified. Linear and nonlinear regression equations were developed by stochastic approach of their annual flow (1986-2011) and yearly sediment influx (1993-2012) for the 12 rivers at their delta head. As results, the annual flow of the rivers from Subarnarekha to Godavari followed rational curves except the Brahmani River and Gaussian models for rivers from the Godavari to south except the river Vaigai. Similarly, the curve fitting models of time series for sediment had shown a change in curve pattern, the river Godavari being the line of demarcation. Gumbel II and Log Pearson type III methods were used to predict the flow and the sediment at various probabilities. Sediment prediction by Gumbel method had shown lower values than Log Pearson Type III methods for planning and design of hydraulic structures. The disparities in geologic formation of the central India and Deccan Plateau can be emphasized based on the statistical interpretations.

A potent fish pathogenic bacterial killer Streptomyces sp.isolated from the soils of east coast region,South India

Objective:To investigate the potentiality of the marine actinobacteria isolated from marine soil against fish pathogenic bacteria.Methods:east coast region(ECR)of Tamilnadu,South India.Then they were used for the isolation of actinobacteria by using conventional serial dilution technique on starch casein agar medium.The antibacterial activities of the actinobacteria were screened primarily by using cross streak plate method against fish pathogenic bacteria namely Vibrio alginolyticus,Vibrio parahaemolyticus,Vibrio cholera,Aeromonas sp.and Pseudomonas sp.The antimicrobial efficacy of the selected isolates was carried out with various organic solvents,and finally the active compound was subjected to chromatographic techniques including TLC and GC-MS.Results:In the present study,a total of 33 soil samples were collected from the Bay of Bengal,against fish pathogenic bacteria.Out of 21 antibacterial isolates,the isolate ECR77 was selected for further study based on its potential activity against fish pathogenic bacteria.Of the various solvents tested,the ethyl acetate extract had good antibacterial activity against the tested bacterial pathogens.The isolate ECR77 grew well on oat meal agar medium with 2%salt level at 35°C.GC-MS study found that the presence of bioactive compounds namely tetradecanoic acid,n-hexadecanoic acid and octadecanoic acid.The morphological,physiological,biochemical and cultural characteristics of the potential isolate were supported the identity up to generic level asStreptomyces sp.ECR77.Conclusions:The results obtained from this study concludes that the ECR soils of South India is a hot spot of novel bioactive compound producing marine actinobacteria with great pharmaceutical values.Of the 82 actinobacteria isolated,21(26%)isolates were possessed antibacterial activity.

NEMERTEANS OF ZHOUSHAN ISLANDS, EAST CHINA SEA COAST,CHINA Ⅰ.ENOPLA: DISTROMATOPHYNCHOCOELA: MONOSTILIFERA: EMPLECTONEMERTIDAE

Two nemerteans of the Zhoushan Islands, Paranemertes sinensis sp. nov. and P. peregrina, are reportedin this paper. P. sinensis sp. nov. has the body wall longitudinal musculature anteriorly divided,numerous eyes grouped into four clusters, two pairs of cephalic furrows, rhynchocoel 1/3 to 1/2 of fullbody length, cephalic glands well developed and posteriorly extending beyond the cerebral ganglia.precerebral septum absent, cerebral sense organs situated in front of brain, three pairs of nephridiopores,and 17-18 proboscis nerves.

NEMERTEANS OF ZHOUSHAN ISLANDS, EAST CHINA SEA COAST, CHINA Ⅱ.ENOPLA:DISTROMATORHYNCHOCOELA: MONOSTILIFERA: TETRASTEMMIDAE

A new monostiliferous hoplonemertean, Psummamphiporus microocelli sp. nov., is described. It differs from the single species of genus Psammamphiporus, P. elongatus, in being without a frontal organ and cephalic furrows, the stylet basis being conical rather than cylindrical.

Similarities Between Granites on the East and West Coasts of the Pacific Ocean

The traditional idea proposes that granites on the east and west coasts of the Pacific Ocean are different. According to field investigations of the geology of the western United States coupled with the authors' long-term studies on granites in South China, granites both in eastern China and in the western United States are similar.

Structure and seasonal changes in atmospheric boundary layer on coast of the east Antarctic continent

The temperature, humidity, and vertical distribution of ozone in the Antarctic atmospheric boundary layer（ABL） and their seasonal changes are analyzed, by using the high-resolution profile data obtained during the International Polar Year 2008 to 2009 at Zhongshan Station, to further the understanding of the structure and processes of the ABL. The results show that the fre- quency of the convective boundary layer in the warm season accounts for 84% of its annual occurrence frequency. The frequency of the stable boundary layer in the cold season accounts for 71% of its annual occurrence frequency. A neutral boundary layer ap- pears rarely. The average altitude of the convective boundary layer determined by the parcel method is 600 m; this is 200 to 300 m higher than that over inland Antarctica. The average altitude of the top of the boundary layer determined by the potential tempera- ture gradient and humidity gradient is 1 200 m in the warm season and 1 500 m in the cold season. The vertical structures of ozone and specific humidity in the ABL exhibit obvious seasonal changes. The specific humidity is very high with greater vertical gradi- ent in the warm season and very low with a lesser gradient in the cold season under 2 000 m. The atmospheric ozone in the ABL is consumed by photochemical processes in the warm season, which results in a slight difference in altitude. The sub-highest ozone center is located in the boundary layer, indicating that the ozone transferred from the stratosphere to the troposphere reaches the low boundary layer during October and November in Antarctica.

东非海岸盆地第四系深水沉积特征、过程及沉积模式

东非海岸盆地深水区的研究主要集中在油气富集的深部地层,缺乏对第四系深水沉积的研究。文中利用二维地震资料,对东非坦桑尼亚和鲁伍马盆地第四系深水区的深水沉积开展研究,查明了沉积类型,划分了沉积单元,对深水沉积建立了沉积模式。研究表明:1)研究区发育深水重力流沉积、等深流沉积、等深流与重力流交互作用沉积,分为峡谷、水道、漂积体及块状搬运复合体4种沉积单元。2)研究区深水沉积由北至南差异明显,坦中地区深水沉积规模较大,主要发育重力流水道及丘状漂积体;坦南地区发育峡谷,深水沉积规模整体较小;鲁北地区深水沉积规模较大,发育有峡谷、水道及席状漂积体。3)海底地形的差异导致坦中地区的重力流能量较弱,坦南地区和鲁北地区的重力流能量较强;在海底地貌的限制下,等深流沉积在坦中地区形成丘状漂积体,在鲁北地区形成席状漂积体;坦中南部的等深流与重力流发生交互作用,发育向南迁移的侧向迁移水道。

马来西亚智库对“一带一路”倡议与“新南向政策”的认知评析

[目的/意义]研究马来西亚智库对“一带一路”倡议与“新南向政策”的认知,有助于中国内地把握“一带一路”倡议在东南亚面临的形势,进而优化与完善“一带一路”倡议。[方法/过程]本文选取马来西亚战略与国际问题研究所和马来亚大学中国研究所作为智库样本,对其发布的14份有关“一带一路”倡议和5份有关“新南向政策”的研究成果进行分析。[结果/结论]马来西亚主流智库认为:“一带一路”倡议带来了区域联通的机遇、促进了马来西亚的基础设施建设与经济发展效率;“新南向政策”具备科技、软实力等方面的优势,旨在减少对中国内地的经济依赖,并通过加强与东南亚国家的关系以此扩大中国台湾地区所谓的“国际空间”。总体而言,马来西亚主流智库对两者的认知均以正面评价为主,经济利益、民意与社会舆论则是其认知的主要动因。

Sediment records of environmental changes in the south end of the Zhejiang-Fujian coastal mud area during the past 100 years

Previous studies carried out in the East China Sea(ECS) mud area focused on long-term environmental changes in sedimentary records during the Holocene, especially during the mid-Holocene high-stand water levels period. These results indicate that sensitive grain size groups can be used as a sedimentary proxy to reconstruct the evolution of the East Asian Winter Monsoon(EAWM). The studies have been carried out mainly in the northern and middle portions of the Zhejiang-Fujian coastal mud, however, similar research in the southern portion and the comparison between sedimentary proxy and modern measured data of EAWM are lacking. In this paper, we focused on a sedimentary record of the past 100 years with an enhanced resolution of 1.8 years. Investigations of the southern end of the Zhejiang-Fujian coastal mud area were conducted on the basis of 210 Pb chronology, grain-size analysis and chemical element analysis. The correspondence between the mean grain size(Mz) of sediment sensitive grain size and the measured EAWM was confirmed for the first time. We found that during the recent 100 years, the variation of the mean grain size of the sensitive population in the southern portion of the Zhejiang-Fujian mud was mainly controlled by the EAWM intensity changes; and not directly related to changes in the sediment discharge from Datong station of the Changjiang River(DTSD). Finally, recent changes in the content of heavy metals in study area refl ect the impact of human activities on the environment.

COAST SEA LEVEL AND ASIAN MONSOON SYSTEMA DOWNSALING EXERCISE FOR CHINESE COAST

In this study, the authors examined the relationship between monthly sea level data and concurrent large-scale monthly mean aea level pressure and SST data for 1960 to 1990, which are reasonably well simulated by present day climate models; sea level variations due to variations of regional atmospheric forcing and oceanic circulation , are not adequately simulated by a global climate model because of insufficient spatial resolution. The authors applied a statistical " down scaling" strategy to sea level along the Chinese coast. Two interrelatad processes were identified . One process is the local wind or wave set-up of water due to Asian monsoon wind anomalies ; the other is the rainfall diluting effect in spring. At interdecadal time scale . the later becomes more important and most likely plays a major role in the planetary scale atmosphere-ocean interaction taking place in the eastern North Pacific.

马来西亚政党博弈对“一带一路”倡议合作项目进展影响机制分析

一国的内外政策受诸多因素影响,但很大程度上与其政党政治密切相关。马来西亚政党政治兼具竞争性与协商性的特点,执政党与反对党联盟之间、政党联盟内部包含了多重竞争与多元合作关系。文章选取“政权内部政党共识凝聚/分裂”和“在野党支持/反对程度”作为两大内外政策影响变量,尝试构建马来西亚政党博弈对中马共建“一带一路”倡议合作项目进展影响机制的分析框架,并通过纳吉布政府和马哈蒂尔政府关于“一带一路”倡议合作项目的政策回应为验证案例,以期更为客观地解构马来西亚政党博弈与中马共建“一带一路”倡议合作项目进展影响间的逻辑联系。研究表明,马来西亚政权的频繁变动会直接引致各政党对“一带一路”倡议合作项目推进的重新博弈或多维博弈,进而对中马共建“一带一路”倡议合作项目进展产生积极或消极影响。

考虑不同海岸类型的深圳市东海岸海水入侵多尺度耦合模拟

海水入侵已经成为全球范围内的环境问题,严重制约着沿海城市的可持续发展,其中不同类型海岸带的海水入侵方式和危害程度也不同。以深圳市东海岸为研究区,基于区域渗流对局域渗流的总体控制优势,采用多尺度耦合模拟方法,建立研究区区域尺度及典型海岸带局域尺度的三维变密度溶质运移模型,并通过数值模拟方法讨论多种情景下研究区不同类型海岸带的海水入侵机理与地下水水质演化规律。结果表明:(1)研究区河口海岸、基岩海岸和砂质海岸的海水入侵机理和海水入侵距离显著不同;(2)在保持当前禁止开采地下水政策条件下,未来五年内研究区不同类型海岸带的海水入侵均发生不同程度的回退;(3)在678万m^(3)/a开采地下水条件下,研究区河口海岸的最大海水入侵距离的增长速率为0.066 km/a,基岩海岸和砂质海岸的海水入侵速率分别为0.026 km/a和0.076 km/a,砂质海岸的海水入侵速率约为基岩海岸的3~4倍。

中国东部沿海粮食主销区小麦生产现状分析与发展对策——以浙江省宁波地区为例

小麦是中国重要的粮食作物,对维护国家粮食安全具有重要意义。基于中国东部沿海粮食主销区小麦面积、单产和总产等相关数据,结合小麦品种和病害发生情况,分析当前小麦生产发展中存在的主要制约因素。结果表明,当前东部沿海主销区小麦产业中存在生产成本高、天气多变、小麦病害重等导致减产减收制约因素。为提高中国东部沿海主销区粮食自给率以及综合生产能力,针对生产中存在的问题,从加强小麦生产政策扶持、提升小麦耕地生产能力、研发与推广先进种植管理技术、提高技术推广到位率、推动小麦生产规模化高效化发展等方面,提出了促进中国东部沿海粮食主销区小麦及粮食生产发展的对策建议。

另类殖民书写:《天堂》中东非沿海到内陆的生态研究

作为非裔移民作家,阿卜杜勒拉扎克·古尔纳的殖民书写可谓另类,迥异于以提安哥为代表的大多数非洲后殖民作家的惯有立场。其第四部小说《天堂》便将这种另类发挥得淋漓尽致。在书中古尔纳以求实态度揭示了广袤东非土地由沿海到内陆的复杂生态:天堂表象下的本土真实生态美丑交织;多元文化下的内部生态极具破碎性;殖民进程中潜藏着无孔不入的生态危机。殖民书写与生态描绘相互交织、彼此渗透。古尔纳将一度被忽略的东非殖民史化作文学现实,拒绝抹除非洲内部存在的文化差异,直指殖民症结所在,充满批判锋芒。

地中海东岸经济带“政产学研”协同发展对珠江-西江经济带的启示

“政产学研”协同发展对促进经济发展、合理配置教育资源、开发人力资源发挥着重要作用。地中海东岸经济带积累了较多的相关经验,如加大科研投入、完善政策法规、激发企业活力等。文章通过借鉴地中海东岸经济带的经验,结合案例,明确了珠江-西江经济带“政产学研”协同发展中存在的问题。基于此,文章提出了拓展思路,构建符合本土实际情况的“政产学研”协同发展框架,加快建设协同发展环境,有序分配协同发展资源等具体建议。