THERMAL FORCING IMPACTS OF THE EASTERLY VORTEX ON THE EAST-WEST SHIFT OF THE SUBTROPICAL ANTICYCLONE OVER WESTERN PACIFIC OCEAN

By employing the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data sets(1 000 to 10 hPa,2.5°× 2.5°),the thermal forcing impacts are analyzed of an easterly vortex(shortened as EV) over the tropical upper troposphere on the quasi-horizontal movement of the Western Pacific Subtropical Anticyclone(shortened as WPS A) during 22-25 June 2003.The relevant mechanisms are discussed as well.It is shown that the distribution and intensity of the non-adiabatic effect near the EV result in the anomalous eastward retreat of the WPSA.The WPSA prefers extending to the colder region,i.e.,it moves toward the region in which the non-adiabatic heating is weakening or the cooling is strengthening.During the WPSA retreat,the apparent changes of non-adiabatic heating illustrate the characteristics of enhanced cooling in the east side of the EV.Meanwhile,the cooling in the west side exhibits a weakened eastward trend,most prominently at 300 hPa in the troposphere.The evidence on the factors causing the change in thermal condition is found:the most important contribution to the heating-rate trend is the vertical transport term,followed in turn by the local change in the heating rate term and the horizontal advection term.As a result,the atmospheric non-adiabatic heating generated by the vertical transport and local change discussed above is mainly connected to the retreat of the WPSA.

East-west oscillation of sea temperature in the Equatorial Pacific and its modelling

In this paper, by analyzing the data of sea temperature in the Equatorial Western Pacific (EWP), we found that the sea temperature at sensitive district (WSST) (about at 6° N, depth of 125-150 m) is correlated negatively to the sea temperature in the Equatorial Eastern Pacific (EEP). On the basis of basic characteristics of Equatorial Pacific atmosphere and ocean, we designed a simple air-sea coupled model. Using this model,an ocean circulation was simulated. The east-west oscillation of sea temperature in Equatorial Pacific is related to this ocean circulation.

Promoting East-West Interaction Exclusive interview with Dr.Cao Yushu,Deputy Director of the Office of the Leading Group for Western Region Development at the State Council

Economic growth and environmental "friendliness" are the dual missions of China's grand western development. In the past eight years,China has seen the gap between eastern and western regions still widening while also taking on the arduous task of protecting nature,ecology and environment in the western region. How has western development fared in the past eight years? What difficulties and challenges are being encountered? The development of the western region poses the single greatest difficulty facing China's regional economic development,but how can we advance along a "sound and fast" development path? The establishment of economic zones in Chengdu and Chongqing,Guanzhong and North Bay has opened up new possibilities and expectations for western China's economic development.

East-West International Promotion Forum Held in Beijing

The East-West International Promotion Forum, co-sponsored by Wang Huaren Brand Planning, 360Fashion Network, and China Fashion Association, was held in Beijing lately. The

Crustal structure of seismic velocity in southern Tibet and east-westward escape of the crustal material——An example by wide-angle seismic profile from Peigu Tso to Pumoyong Tso

The reflecting events from Moho and other interfaces within the crust are recog-nized from the wavefield characteristics of P- and S-wave for the 480km long wide-angle seismic profile between Peigu Tso and Pumoyong Tso. Then, seismic crustal structures of P- and S-wave velocities and Poisson ratio under the nearly east-west profile in southern Tibet are interpreted by fitting the observed traveltimes with the calculated ones by forward modelling. Our interpreting results demonstrate that the crustal thickness varies remarkably in the east-west direction, showing a pattern that the crust could be divided into three parts bounded by the west of Dingri and the east of Dinggy? respectively, where the depth of Moho is about 71km for the western part, about 76km for the middle and about 74km for the eastern. There is one lower velocity layer (LVL) at the bottom of the upper crust with depth of 20—30 km. One of the distinct features is that the thickness of LVL abruptly thins from 24km on the west to 6km on the east. The other is that the velocity variation in the crust along east-west direction for both P- and S-wave displays a feature as quasi-periodic variation. The lower velocity (compared to the average value for the continent of the globe) in the lower crust and three sets of north-southward active normal faults are probably attributed to the coupling process of material delamination in the lower crust, crustal thicking and east-westward escape of the crustal material accompanied with the continental col-lision between India and Eurasia Plate.

Meeting Report for the UCLA Center for East-West Medicine 2006 Annual Conference:Integration of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine——Research and Clinical Applications

This is the meeting report for the 2006 UCLA Center for East-West Medicine （CEWM） annual conference held at the UCLA Jules Stein auditorium on Saturday, October 28th. The event began with registration and a continental breakfast that allowed participants the opportunity to meet one another and discuss their experiences with integrative medicine. After the guests had checked-in and settled into the auditorium, Dr. Ka-Kit Hui, the Wallis Annenberg Professor in Integrative East West Medicine and the Founder and Director of the UCLA Center for East-West Medicine, introduced Dr. Alan Fogelman, Executive Chairman of the Department of Medicine, who gave opening remarks. Dr. Fogelman welcomed the audience, particularly the Center＇s distinguished guest - Professor Keji Chen, the Center＇s visiting professor of integrative medicine from China, emphasizing the importance of integrative medicine and praising the Center＇s leadership role in this field. Then Dr. Hui briefly introduced the audience to the field of integrative medicine, and discussed his own experience with integrative medicine and the history of the CEWM.

Updated study on multi-TeV cosmic-ray modulation with the Tibet Ⅲ air shower array using the east-west method

We study the sidereal and solar time modulation of multi-TeV cosmic rays using the east-west method with Tibet air shower array data taken from November 1999 to December 2008. The statistics are twice the amount used in our previous paper. In this analysis, the amplitude of the observed sidereal time modulation is about 0.1%, and the modulation shows an excess from about 4 to 7 hours and a deficit around 12 hours in local sidereal time. The sidereal time modulation has a weak dependence on the primary energy of the cosmic rays. However, the solar time modulation shows a large energy dependence. We find that the solar time modulation is fairly consistent with the prediction of the Compton-Getting effect for high-energy samples （6.2TeV and 12.0TeV）, but exceeds the prediction for the low-energy sample （4.0TeV）. Such a discrepancy may be due to the solar modulation or the characteristics of the experimental device in the near threshold energy.

Foreword: East-West Asymmetry of the Inner Core and Earth Rotational Dynamics

In the last several years since 2004 an important new finding has been unveiled by combined efforts due to Japanese （Satoru Tanaka）, French （Renaud Deguen, Y Albousierre and Marc Monnereau）, American and Chinese geophysicists （Xiaodong Song and Vernon F Cormier） who employed from unambi- guous detailed seismological evidence and explained by clear theoretical and sound laboratory arguments drawn from fluid dynamics that there exists a strong East-West hemi-spherical asymmetry on the inner- outer core boundary,

Politeness: Is There an East-West Divide?

The theory of politeness of Brown and Levinson (1978, 1987) has remained the most seminal and influential starting point for cross-cultural and cross-linguistic contrastive pragmatics. Yet is has also provoked countervailing arguments from Ide (1989, 1993), Matsumoto (1989), Gu (1990), Mao (1994) and others, pointing out a Western bias in Brown and Levinson’s theory, particularly in their construal of the concept of ‘face’, in their overemphasis on face-threat and their assumption of individualistic and egalitarian motivations, as opposed to the more group-centred hierarchy-based ethos of Eastern societies. This leads to the question in the title of this article: Is there an East-West divide in politeness? The following argument will be presented. There is an overarching framework for studying linguistic politeness phenomena in communication: a common principle of politeness (Leech, 1983, 2002) and a Grand Strategy of Politeness (GSP), which is evident in common linguistic behaviour patterns in the performance of polite speech acts such as requests, offers, compliments, apologies, thanks, and responses to these. The GSP says simply: In order to be polite, a speaker communicates meanings which (a) place a high value on what relates to the other person (typically the addressee), (MAJOR CONSTRAINT) and (b) place a low value on what relates to the speaker. (MINOR CONSTRAINT). It is clear from many observations that constraint (a) is more powerful than constraint (b). The following hypothesis will be put forward, and supported by very limited evidence: that the GSP provides a very general explanation for communicative politeness phenomena in Eastern languages such as Chinese, Japanese and Korean, as well as in Western languages such as English. This is not to deny the importance of quantitative and qualitative differences in the settings of social parameters and linguistic parameters of politeness in such languages. A framework such as the GSP provides the parameters of variation within which such differences can be studied. Hence this article argues in favour of the conclusion that, despite differences, there is no East-West divide in politeness.

Early Pleistocene formation of the asymmetric east-west pattern of upper water structure in the equatorial Pacific Ocean

Surface-and subsurface-dwelling planktonic foraminifera from the upper 43 m of Hole A at the Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 807,which was recovered from the western Pacific warm pool during ODP Leg 130,were analyzed for stable oxygen and carbon isotopes.By comparing these results with data from ODP Site 851 in the eastern equatorial Pacific,this study has reconstructed the paleoceanographic changes in upper ocean waters in the equatorial Pacific since 2.5 Ma.During the period from 1.6-1.4 Ma,the oxygen isotopes of surface and subsurface waters were found to markedly change in the western and eastern equatorial Pacific,further confirming the final formation of the well-defined asymmetric east-west (E-W) pattern at that time.This feature was similar to the zonal temperature gradient (sea surface temperature is higher in the west and lower in the east) and the asymmetric upper water structure (thermocline depth is deeper in the west and shallower in the east) in the modern equatorial Pacific.The zonal gradient change of subsurface water δ18O was greater than that of surface water δ18O,indicating that the formation of the asymmetric E-W pattern in the equatorial Pacific should be much more related to the shoaled thermocline and markedly decreased subsurface water temperature in the eastern equatorial Pacific.Moreover,since ～1.6 Ma,the carbon isotopic differences between surface and subsurface waters clearly decreased in the equatorial Pacific,and their long-term eccentricity periods changed from 400 ka to ～500 ka,reflecting the reorganization of the ocean carbon reservoir.This probably resulted from the deep water reorganization in the Southern Ocean at that time and its enhanced influence on the tropical Pacific (especially subsurface water).Our study demonstrates that the tropical ocean plays an important role in global climate change.

共同富裕目标下东西部协作机制重构研究

东西部协作是推动区域协调发展、协同发展、共同发展,从而实现共同富裕的大战略、大举措。党的十八大以来,东西部协作和对口支援的规模不断扩大、路径不断拓宽,西部地区全面建设小康社会成果显著。进入新发展阶段,要实现党的二十大报告提出的全体人民共同富裕的中国式现代化要求,东西部协作机制需要释放“倍增效应”。为此,需要响应以巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果同乡村振兴有效衔接为起点,以缩小东西部区域城乡差距和群体收入差距为导向,以协同推进全国统一大市场建设为路径,遵循共同富裕目标下东西部协作机制的重构逻辑,以东西部协作机制重构赋能乡村振兴与区域协调发展。新发展阶段,以东西部协作机制重构赋能共同富裕,要推动“产业+园区”协作治理模式提档升级,强化“消费+就业”协作治理模式创新,探索“资源+服务”协作治理模式。

欠发达地区布局建设未来产业的实践探索

前瞻布局建设未来产业,因地制宜发展新质生产力,是中国式现代化的必然选择。“十四五”规划正式提出布局未来产业以来,受前瞻性、颠覆性技术制约,欠发达地区对其鲜有布局。贵州“村超”以文化创意和数字商业模式为驱动,融合体育、文化、美食、表演等众多业态,探索了乡村振兴未来产业实践路径。欠发达地区发展未来产业,关键在于挖掘文化和生态旅游资源,推动欠发达地区数字化、绿色化和创意化“三化转型”,培育创意、电子商务和公共服务“三个生态系统”,激发创意活力,以价值共创助推优秀传统文化和生态旅游资源创造性转化,以东西部协作和对口支援进行人才和技术赋能,为欠发达地区注入未来产业新动能。

东西部协作和对口支援何以可能——基于新疆阿克苏市电商产业发展的案例分析

东西部协作和对口支援是解决我国区域性发展不平衡问题的重要手段。基于杭州帮扶阿克苏市乡村电商产业发展案例,在行动者网络理论基础上构建跨边界发展网络框架,以探求数字经济环境下东西部协作和对口支援的实践逻辑。研究发现,东西部协作和对口支援的实践逻辑表现为跨边界发展网络的构建,即通过主体融合、虚实融合、产业融合、点面融合的方式,打破组织边界、物理边界、产业边界和地理边界的束缚,实现施援方与受援方的良性互补,进而促进当地优势产业发展。

教育专项转移支付、财政压力与地方教育财政支出——来自中国职业教育“东西协作”政策的证据

基于中央对云南滇西十州市实行职业教育“东西协作”政策的准自然实验,采用双重差分估计检验专项转移支付对地方职业教育财政支出的影响。研究发现,政策为滇西地方政府的职业教育财政支出带来了“激励性”的引致效应。财政自给率越低的地方政府越容易与中央或上级政府的目标达成一致:在中央重视职业教育的目标下,地方政府将增加职业教育财政支出。异质性分析表明,这种“激励性”的引致效应会随着地方政府财政压力的上升而减弱。机制分析表明,政策引致的职业教育财政支出主要来自地方政府财政支出结构的调整以及从上一级政府中获得的一般性转移支付,地方政府通过以上两种渠道用以支付更多职业教育生均经费。

虚拟集聚能否促进城市绿色发展?

作为数字经济孵化出的产业组织新形态,虚拟集聚能否成为城市空间维度绿色发展的新引擎值得关注。本文基于2013—2020年中国279个城市的面板数据,利用区位熵和地理距离外溢衰减指数测度虚拟集聚水平,并系统考察了虚拟集聚在城市层面的环境效应。研究表明:虚拟集聚对城市绿色发展的影响呈现先抑制后促进的U型关系,且这一结论在一系列检验后依然稳健;技术创新、产业结构优化和市场整合是其影响路径。进一步分析发现:虚拟集聚对东部、中部地区以及城市群中城市绿色发展的U型影响更加显著;此外,虚拟集聚有效降低了省界城市的环境污染,成为破除边界污染的突破口。因此,本文建议加快核心数字技术创新,着力推动产业集群数字化转型;利用数字技术促进产业结构优化,破除市场一体化壁垒;因地制宜布局数字基础设施,加强网络基础设施建设,培育绿色发展新动能。

俄乌冲突下北极地区安全面临的新形势及对中国的影响

在俄乌冲突爆发前,北极已经呈现出“再军事化”愈演愈烈、北极东西方维持微妙平衡和域外国家大规模介入北极事务的态势。俄乌冲突发生后,北极地区受其影响,形势发生了多边合作机制破裂、北欧国家集体“北约化”打破北极东西方平衡、域外国家将在北极事务中发挥更大作用、美国的北极影响力迅速扩大等新问题。俄乌冲突也对中国在北极的活动造成了影响。美国将中国渲染成地缘政治威胁,歪曲中国北极形象,并与其他西方国家在北极事务中孤立俄罗斯,迫使中国站队,然而,北极合作机制的重建、北极东西平衡关系的修复,使得俄罗斯对华依赖加强,间接赋予了中国扩大参与北极事务的机遇。

20世纪30年代城市“摩登”现象及其论争

20世纪30年代前后,中国主要城市生活中的“摩登”现象极为普遍,凡是城市生活中带有潮流式的东西皆可以“摩登”称之,其中许多内容反映着城市市民在生活中追逐世界潮流的步伐。官方对“摩登”现象多持否定态度,民间对“摩登”现象则是敌视与维护的言行并存,舆论严重撕裂,由此形成了思想舆论界的“摩登肯定派”与“摩登否定派”的论争,这是近代以来中西方文化在接触过程中产生的碰撞与摩擦的具体体现之一。由此可以了解彼时国人对于西方新奇事物的排斥、选择与扬弃。许多优秀的外来事物就是在这种博弈中逐渐被中华文化所吸收、借鉴,成为民众日益丰富的社会生活中的重要组成部分,中国近代社会则在这样的冲突、选择与认同的过程中不断演进与发展。

稳健驾驭:巨型工程的国家治理逻辑及其实现--以“西气东输”项目为例

巨型工程因其超大规模引发复杂性治理难题,需要国家的全面介入与稳健驾驭。西气东输工程的案例研究显示,超大的工程规模会导致决策的信息缺失与方案模糊问题,以及工程建设中的项目集成交互和多主体协同困境等治理难题。为解决这些难题,国家通过战略框定与工程目标建构,以国家意志塑造巨型工程战略纵深与社会合法性;通过方案最优化决策与群体智慧支持,以集体理性弥合理想最优方案与群体决策结果的差距;以领导小组统筹部署、高层权威推动和政治性协调,整合碎片化治理权威,形成有效的府际治理合力;通过国家主导的组织结构网络,国家权力深刻嵌入工程建设场域,以国家能力的积极运作实现管理协同。巨型工程的国家治理逻辑可概括为全面介入、战略统筹、稳健驾驭和有效治理,其研究有助于拓展巨型工程治理的国家理论,加深对中国巨型工程治理和决策过程的理解。

全球化叙事与汉学的问题意识

自20世纪90年代初全球史研究于国际学界兴起之后,当代汉学与中国研究领域便对之做出了迅速的回应,并以独特的问题意识与叙事方式嵌入这场事关“总局”的研究进程中,不仅重构了人们对中国与世界关系的认知,也为全景式的全球史研究提供了一颇具分量的侧角。为对这些持续呈现的论述做一系统化的梳理,有必要将之解析与提炼为两个有所分化的视角,即以西方全球化为主导的普遍主义叙述及带有泛亚化特征且“以中国为中心”的区域主义叙述,就此可以见到,尽管后者也构成了与前者的某种互补与抵消关系,但也证明了在对待全球化与中国关系时人们持有的多重立场与态度。在此基础上,也需对一些新近出现的扩充性态势做出补充描述与评述。