Individual Cotton Boll Weight as Influenced by Different Production Eco-Regions and Meteorological Factors

In order to explore systematically the physiological mechanism of high yield cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.) in Xinjiang, and further improve yield, the yield components were compared between three ecological regions. Boll number per plant was lower in South and North Xinjiang, but the harvested plant population were nearly 1.5 times higher than that in Nangong, so total boll numbers per unit area were greater in South and North Xinjiang. Weight per boll in south and north of Xinjiang was 5.896.50 g and 5.43 6.12 g respectively, 24 to 51% heavier than that in Nangong. The diurnal temperature difference between day and night was relatively greater in Xinjiang than in Nangong, benefitting the accumulation of photosynthetic product in bolls. The temperature difference and total hours of sunshine in boll period are the main reasons for cottons higher boll weight and yield in Xinjiang than in Nangong.

Research on Types of Regional Eco-protection Space and Its Protection Countermeasures——A Case Study of Chongzuo City of Guangxi Province in China

Reasonable division of eco-protection space is a vital measure to coordinate the relationship between regional economic development and ecological protection,and to realize regional sustainable development.The paper has concluded the concept of regional eco-protection space which has been divided into ecological space of forbidding development and restricted development.It has discussed methods to divide regional eco-protection space and proposed protection countermeasures for regional eco-protection space.GIS has been adopted to divide eco-protection space of Chongzuo City.The eco-protection space of Chongzuo City covers an overall area of 5,833.94 km2,taking up 34.04% of the total area of Chongzuo City;ecological space of forbidding development covers an area of 1,555.35 km2,taking up 8.97%;the ecological space of restricted development covers an area of 4,344.59 km2,taking up 25.07%.Finally,the protection countermeasures for regional eco-protection space have been proposed.

Study upon the Spatial Structure of Regional Eco-tourism-Based upon the Perspective of Supply and Demand and Competition Field

Along with the coming of the low-carbon era, people have paid more and more attention to the natural environment and eco-tourism will embrace a huge development. From the perspectives of the market relationship of supply-demand in economics and of field competition in physics, this paper has discussed upon the present status of the spatial structure of eco-tourism, and analyzed the relationship between supply-demand and field, in order to clarify the direction for the balance between supply and demand in the field and to guide eco-tourism to the way of sustainable development.

Genetic variation of yellow pigment and its components in foxtail millet(Setaria italica(L.) P.Beauv.) from different eco-regions in China

Kernel color is an important trait for assessing the commercial and nutritional quality of foxtail millet. Yellow pigment content （YPC） and carotenoid components （lutein and zeaxanthin） of 270 foxtail millet accessions, including 50 landraces and 220 improved cultivars, from four different eco-regions in China were surveyed using spectrophotometry and high performance liquid chromatography methods. Results indicated that YPC had rich variance, ranging from 1.91 to 28.54 mg kg-1, with an average value of 17.80 mg kg-1. The average YPC of improved cultivars （18.31 mg kg-1） was significantly higher than that of landraces （15.51 mg kg-l）. The YPC in cultivars from the Loess Plateau spring sowing region （LPSSR） was the highest （20.59 mg kg-~）, followed by the North China summer sowing region （NCSSR, 18.25 mg kg-1）, the northeast spring sowing region （NSSR, 17.25 mg kg-1）, and the Inner Mongolia Plateau spring sowing region （IMPSSR, 13.92 mg kg-1）. The variation coefficients of YPC in cultivars from NSSR, LPSSR, and IMPSSR were higher than that from NCSSR. A similar carotenoid profile was also obtained for 270 foxtail millet cultivars. Lutein and zeaxanthin accounted for approximately 55-65% of YPC in accessions. The lutein content was higher than zeaxanthin content in all cultivars. The ratio of lutein to zeaxanthin ranged from 1.51 to 6.06 with an average of 3.34. YPC was positively correlated with lutein （r=0.935, P〈0.01）, zeaxanthin （r=0.808, P〈0.01 ）, and growth duration （t=0.488, P〈0.01 ）, whereas it was negatively correlated with grain protein （t=-0.332, P〈0.01） and 1 000-kernel weight （t=-0.153, P〈0.05）. Our study is useful for screening and selecting cultivars with high levels of yellow pigment and for enhancing phytochemical concentrations in breeding programs.

Delineation of eco-geographic regional system of China

Eco-geographic regionalization has been one of the most important topics in China's regionalization researches since the end of the 20th century. It is a major ecosystem in geographic zonality. A hierarchical system, which is formed by division or combination of natural features based on geographic relativity and comparison of major ecosystem factors (including biological and non-biological) and geographic zonality, is called eco-geographic regional system. This paper introduces process of China's regionalization development. The first level unit, temperature zone, is delineated with main criteria of temperature. The second level unit, humidity region, is based on criteria of water/moisture states. The third level unit, natural region, is divided according to medium geomorphologic units. Vegetation types and soils are applied as supplementary criteria to indicate temperature and water/moisture states. Mapping process from qualitative to quantitative and China's eco-geographic regional system are also explained in this paper.

Nature and theoretical foundation of ecoregionalization:a case study in China

The increasing relevance and importance of zoning regional biotic factors and environmental variables to scientists and management agencies are fully introduced. Comprehensive research into regional differentiation of ecosystems, nevertheless, remains comparatively neglected. A rounded eco-regionalization System in terms of regional ecosystem properties and distribution can supply powerful tools for rational and sustainable utilization of natural resources, solution of regional environmental problems, and conservation of biodiversity. In this paper, ideas on nature, theoretical foundation and methods available to eco-regionalization are presented Finally, a new ecoregionalization system of China based on specific principles of ecological division is prepared.

Research on Indicator System of Regional Eco-efficiency:A Case Study of Chengyang District

Eco-efficiency is a valuable tool for managing and solving issues involving resource consumption and pollution emission in current production processes.Despite the popularity of the term"eco-efficiency"in business,limited attention has been paid to measuring and reporting regional eco-efficiency for local government policy makers.Based on the concept and method of eco-efficiency,an indicator system of regional eco-efficiency is established in this study.The indicator system comprises 22 indicators,which are divided in to three categories including socio-economic development,resources consumption, environmental pressure.As a promising statistical technique, principle component analysis is used to set the weight of indicators which attempts to calculate the eco-efficiency indices of Qingdao's Chengyang District.The results show that the eco-efficiency of Chengyang District has clearly improved 35.1% with small fluctuation from 1995 to 2003.Socio-economic development index and resources consumption index also represent obvious increasing trends.The correlation coefficient between soci-economic development index and resources consumption index is 0.979,which means the social progress and economic growth of Chengyang District depend on an extravagant consumption of resources.The environmental pressure index increased slowly before 1997 and declined gradually after 1997,due to more attention being paid to environmental protection by local government in recent years.Chengyang District still keeps the traditional economic development mode with a high consumption and high production,so the emphases of future development should put on improving the improving the efficient use of natural resources and promoting environmental management sustainability.The results show that the indicators system of regional eco-efficiency is a promising method to quantitatively evaluate resources and environmental efficiency and provide an effective decision-making support for local governments.

Changes and spatial patterns of eco-environment in the farming-pastoral region of northern China

This paper firstly selects 10 kinds of indexes to reflect eco-environment background condition and builds the multi-subject spatial database by using ground meteorological data, remote sensing data and DEM. It then discusses in detail the methods about evaluating eco-environment background condition and analyzing eco-environment change. The eco-environment background conditions of 1989 and 1999 are synthetically appraised. Finally, the paper analyzes the spatial distribution, quantitative change, the trend of change, the areas of change and the dynamic spatial pattern of eco-environment. The results are as follows： （1） The eco-environment background condition becomes worse from southeast to northwest in the fanning-pastoral region of northern China. （2） The eco-environment background condition deteriorates from 1989 to 1999. （3） In the adjacent areas of Shanxi-Shaanxi-Inner Mongolia-Gansu-Ningxia, Horqin Sandy Land and its peripheries, and eastern Qinghai orovince, eco-environmental deterioration is very serious.

SEVERAL PROBLEMS ABOUT THE ECO ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH ON THE SOURCE REGIONS OF THE CHANGJIANG RIVER AND THE HUANGHE RIVER

Situated in the hinterland of the Qinghai Xizang Plateau, the eco environment of the source regions of the Changjiang (Yangtze) River and the Huanghe(Yellow) River are getting worse in recent years and has attracted increasing attention of researchers around the world. This paper discusses several major problems concerning the eco environment of the source regions. The authors hold that the two eco environment extents of the source region of the Changjiang River should be demarcated with the confluence of the Deng’ailongqu River to Zhidoi as its boundary, or 1.15×10 4 km 2 larger than the hydrological source area; while that of the Huanghe River should be delimited with Medotangumaxia in Darlag County as its limit, or 1.84×10 4 km 2 larger than the hydrological source area. The eco environment of the source regions with vegetation, soil, wetland, lake and river as the main elements, has always been affected by climatic changes, freeze thaw processes (including frozen soil freeze thaw processes and glacial snow cover freeze thaw processes), rodent damage and human activities. From an evaluation angle of fragile ecosystem, a study index system is established and several important issues for future research are suggested.

Eco-environment range in the source regions of the Yangtze and Yellow rivers

Based on geographical and hydrological extents delimited, four principles are identified, as the bases for delineating the ranges of the source regions of the Yangtze and Yellow rivers in the paper. According to the comprehensive analysis of topographical characteristics, climate conditions, vegetation distribution and hydrological features, the source region ranges for eco-environmental study are defined. The eastern boundary point is Dari hydrological station in the upper reach of the Yellow River. The watershed above Dari hydrological station is the source region of the Yellow River which drains an area of 4.49×10 4 km 2 . Natural environment is characterized by the major topographical types of plateau lakes and marshland, gentle landforms, alpine cold semi-arid climate, and steppe and meadow vegetation in the source region of the Yellow River. The eastern boundary point is the convergent site of the Nieqiaqu and the Tongtian River in the upstream of the Yangtze River. The watershed above the convergent site is the source region of the Yangtze River, with a watershed area of 12.24×10 4 km 2 . Hills and alpine plain topography, gentle terrain, alpine cold arid and semi-arid climate, and alpine cold grassland and meadow are natural conditions in the source region of the Yangtze River.

Study on Eco-climate Type Regionalization of Wheat Growing Areas in Yunnan Province

In order to provide an objective and scientific theoretical basis for rational distribution of wheat growth in Yunnan Province,according to the relationship between Yunnan weather conditions and wheat growth adaptability,a study on eco-climate type regionalization of wheat growing areas in Yunnan was conducted using principal component analysis and GIS technology. The results show that Yunnan Province could be divided into four types,namely southern warm and humid wheat growing area,central semi-arid wheat growing area,central semi-humid wheat growing area and north-central cold wheat growing area.

Spatial patterns of ecosystem vulnerability changes during 2001–2011 in the three-river source region of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China

The three-river source region (TRSR, including Yangtze, Yellow and Lancang rivers), located in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China, is a typical alpine zone with apparent ecosystem vulnerability and sensitivity. In this paper, we introduced many interdisciplinary factors, such as landscape pattern indices (Shannon diversity index and Shannon evenness index) and extreme climate factors (number of extreme high temperature days, number of extreme low temperature days, and number of extreme precipitation days), to establish a new model for evaluating the spatial patterns of ecosystem vulnerability changes in the TRSR. The change intensity (CI) of ecosystem vulnerability was also analyzed. The results showed that the established evaluation model was effective and the ecosystem vulnerability in the whole study area was intensive. During the study period of 2001–2011, there was a slight degradation in the eco-environmental quality. The Yellow River source region had the best eco-environmental quality, while the Yangtze River source region had the worst one. In addition, the zones dominated by deserts were the most severely deteriorated areas and the eco-environmental quality of the zones occupied by evergreen coniferous forests showed a better change. Furthermore, the larger the change rates of the climate factors (accumulative temperature of ≥10°C and annual average precipitation) are, the more intensive the CI of ecosystem vulnerability is. This study would provide a scientific basis for the eco-environmental protection and restoration in the TRSR.

An empirical study on impact of high-speed rail on eco-relationship of regional tourist

Study on the eco-relationship of regional tourism is a evaluation about the present situation and potential of regional tourist resources. In order to breaking the situation of the lack of coordination on tourist destination in Guizhou province, understanding it after the opening of the Gui-Guang high-speed rail is beneficial. This paper constructs an evaluation index system about the eco-relationship of the regional tourist from five parts- the resource value, the tourist market, the traffic location, the reception conditions and the resource types. To summarize the changes of the tourist eco-relationship of samples before and after the opening of the high-speed rail,it calculates the weight by the judgment matrix, and then uses the cluster analysis of SPSS and the basis for judging the eco-relationship of regional tourist. To choose the emphasis and to guide the direction on tourism industry in Guizhou Province in the future high-speed rail era, a case study of the regional tourist destination in Guizhou section of the Gui-Guang high-speed rail is carried out.

Planning Method of Eco-environment Restoration Based on Enlarging Terrace and De-farming in Loess Hilly Region——A Case Study of Yangou Catchment

After expatiating the guiding ideology,contents,standards and principles of eco-environment restoration based on enlarging terrace and de-farming,this paper discussed the planning method and technical flow of enlarging terrace and garden plot in a small catchment of loess hilly region by means of GIS spatial analysis technology,and then the planning method was applied in Yangou catchment.The result showed that it is practicabl,and the areas of newly-built terrace and garden plot in Yangou catchment are at least 295.06 and 4.61 hm2,so that the areas of basic farmland and garden plot reach 359.23 and 622.69 hm2.After the land use structure is regulated,the forest coverage is 48.87%,and the permanent vegetation coverage is about 75% in Yangou catchment,while sediment reduction benefit is above 80% in slope land.In agricultural development,Yangou catchment can yield 1 645.13 tons of food supplies,above 9 340 tons of apples,and can feed 7 500 sheep every year.

皖江城市带近20年土地利用变化及其生态环境效应

分析区域土地利用变化及其对生态环境的影响,能为区域土地利用结构优化及生态环境保护提供理论依据.以皖江城市带为例,基于2000年、2010年、2020年土地利用数据集,运用土地利用转移矩阵模型,分析了该地区土地利用时空变化特征;同时结合生态环境质量指数、网格单元分析方法及土地利用转型的生态贡献率,探究了土地利用变化的生态环境效应.结果表明:(1)皖江城市带土地利用转移主要为耕地和森林之间的相互转移,以及人造地表对耕地的侵占;(2)皖江城市带森林的生态价值重要性最大,最高达到55.29%,人造地表用地的变动对该区域的生态影响较大,生态价值贡献率为28.20%;(3)皖江城市带生态环境质量指数稳定且有下降趋势,区域生态环境质量指数呈现“南高北低”的空间格局;(4)耕地向森林及草地的转换是导致生态环境改善的主要原因,森林转向耕地及耕地转向人造地表是导致生态环境恶化的主要原因.

生态产业化、技术创新与青藏高原地区经济可持续发展

生态产业化是遵循产业化规律推动生态建设的生态环境高水平发展模式。理论上生态产业化的完善进步与技术创新密不可分,统筹推进生态产业化有助于实现经济可持续发展,为全球生态脆弱地区生态价值与经济社会的协调发展提供参考。论文以2006—2021年中国青藏高原地区为研究对象,利用熵权TOPSIS法计算生态产业化和可持续发展的综合指数,在个体固定效应模型下分析生态产业化对可持续发展的驱动作用和传导机制。研究发现:生态产业化能够显著促进中国青藏高原地区经济可持续发展;生态产业化与技术创新呈显著正相关关系;技术创新在生态产业化与经济可持续发展之间发挥了部分中介作用。因此,中国青藏高原地区应加大对“双碳”等科技创新的支持力度,着力发挥好生态产业化对经济可持续发展的正向效应,保护生态环境的同时促进生态脆弱地区民生改善,践行绿水青山就是金山银山的理念。

基于生态地理多要素综合分析的我国陆域生态地理区划优化与应用研究

作为自然地域分区的一种类型,生态地理区划兼有理论性与实践性,在揭示生态地理要素特征及其相互作用过程的地域分异规律的同时,可为制定差异化的空间治理措施提供科学依据。随着我国生态文明建设的不断推进,探索生态地理区划方案及其应用对美丽中国建设具有重要意义。本文在梳理总结我国生态地理区划研究进展的基础上,立足自然地理格局,构建生态地理区域系统划分的方法和指标体系,提出我国生态地理区划优化方案,从指导因地制宜开展生态保护修复、支撑陆地生态状况监测评价预警、引导优化山水林田湖草沙一体化保护和修复工程布局、为陆地生态系统碳源汇格局研究提供支撑等方面分析区划应用的前景,为应用生态地理区划开展美丽中国建设提供借鉴。

新疆乡村生态旅游与区域经济发展的动态关系研究——基于VAR模型

乡村旅游产业已成为一种具有重大意义的新兴产业,不仅可以加强城乡融合,还可以激发农村经济的活力,实现工业升级,成为当地实现乡村振兴的重要支撑。研究以2000—2020年新疆乡村生态旅游数据为基础,构建了以森林覆盖率、果园面积、年接待游客人数、农村人均家庭经营净收入、地区生产总值为变量的VAR模型,采用协整检验、格兰杰因果检验、脉冲响应和方差分解等分析手段,探讨新疆地区乡村生态旅游与地区经济发展之间的动态关联。结果表明:新疆乡村生态旅游与区域经济发展具有长期稳定共同发展的趋势;新疆地区生产总值GDP与森林覆盖率和每年接待游客人数具有单向因果关系;地区生产总值对森林覆盖率和每年接待游客人数的波动影响较大。

数据要素市场发展赋能产业结构升级的实证检验

在高质量发展背景下,产业结构转型升级是经济改革的关键,而数据要素市场发展则是激活数据潜能、推动产业结构升级的重要路径。文章采用基于遗传算法的投影寻踪模型对中国30个省份2017-2021年数据要素市场发展水平进行测度,并建立门槛模型分析数据要素市场发展与产业结构升级的非线性关系,运用空间计量模型分析二者的空间溢出效应。结果表明:2017-2021年数据要素市场发展迅猛,但省际差异较大,仍存在较大发展空间;数据要素市场发展对产业结构升级有显著的促进作用;当地区技术创新能力超过一定水平时,数据要素市场发展的赋能作用更加显著;较大的经济差距阻碍了地区间数据要素市场发展的交流,进而削弱了数据要素市场发展对周边地区产业结构升级的溢出效应。

长株潭绿心地区产业绿色转型发展策略

长株潭绿心地区是绿色转型发展的重要战略地区,其转型发展是一个系统性整体,发展模式具有复杂的多元属性,需要因地制宜差异化选择绿心转型发展途径。长株潭绿心依托系列上位规划有序推进产业转型发展,初步形成了绿色产业发展基础。针对现存的区域协调联动不足、产业发展机制薄弱、产业项目落地难等问题,研究探索多主体、多空间、多内容的整体性转型路径:以保值增值为根本遵循,推进实现绿心生态增值、服务增值、资产增值及生活品质增值,打造可持续的绿心地区“4+N”的绿色低碳产业生态圈;建立更具包容度和功能适应弹性的弹性空间管控机制,优化形成绿心地区绿色产业发展名录,确保产业清单的协同性;通过统筹横向和纵向两大产业融合维度,发挥一三产业融合发展的乘数效应,推动空间生态产业绿色化;构建嵌入式链接发展和飞地式链接发展的创新网络,提升绿心创新竞争力,支撑区域产业经济生态化。总体通过建立更深层次的区域合作机制,保障绿心地区产业升级转型,推动长株潭绿心地区绿色转型发展。