Ecological compensation mechanism for Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region based on footprint balance and footprint deficit

Construction of the ecological compensation mechanism is an important approach to put the“Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Coordinated Development Plan”into practice and improve the ecological environment of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region.This paper constructs an ecological compensation mechanism for the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region based on the footprint balance and footprint deficit after clarifying ecological governance objectives.First,this paper proposes to establish a uniform,hierarchical and classified supply mechanism of ecosystem services according to the classification of land resources,water resources and forest resources for the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region.Then,the“Authority with Corresponding Responsibility”for the supply of ecosystem services in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region can be realized through a footprint balance and footprint deficit indicator circulation mechanism.Finally,the scientific and rational ecological compensation standard can be guaranteed through establishing the integrated governance mechanism for ecological compensation in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and improving the“ecological compensation standard”.The results of this paper can provide sound theoretical support for effectively promoting the improvement of ecosystem services and human well-being in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region.

Perfecting the Market-Oriented Ecological Compensation Mechanism of Ethnic Minority Areas: A Case Study of Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture

The construction of the market-oriented ecological compensation mechanism in China is complicated system engineering. China's ecological compensation funds are mainly derived from the public finance, lacking market-oriented operation. That not only increases the financial burden of the government, but also leads to the incomprehensive compensation scope. Moreover, China's ecological compensation lacks market mechanism so that it is difficult to set compensation standards and calculate offsets. This paper takes Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture as an example to analyze the market-oriented ecological compensation system of ethnic minority areas from the perspective of market economy, so as to provide a theoretical basis and a reference point for the establishment of efficient and reasonable ecological compensation mechanism and policies in ethnic minority areas and provide environmental protection for the sustainable development of economy and society of ethnic minority areas.

Public Policy Supply for Successful Practice of the Xin’anjiang River Ecological Compensation Mechanism

The ecological protection of the inter-provincial river basin of Xin’anjiang River takes the ecological compensation mechanism as the starting point and achieves good results.The success of the mechanism is best reflected in its innovation of public policy supply,which is not only a vivid practice of Xi Jinping’s ecological civilization thought in the new era,but also establishes a model for absorption,transformation and export of policy supply.The effective supply of public policies on ecological environment is the realistic choice for the construction of ecological civilization in the new era.

Ocean ecological compensation mechanism in Liaoning area from the angle of ecological civilization——based on analysis of Dalian's cooperative governance

How to speed up the establishment of marine ecological compensation and the ecological compensation system is inevitable choice from ocean country to marine power.Therefore,construction of marine ecological compensation mechanism is the effective means which incentives marine ecosystem services supply,improves the quality of marine ecology,and promotes the ocean to the green transformation.Combined with Dalian maritime case study in Liaoning Province,three dimensional interactive marine ecological compensation mechanism,the compensation frame work,path and operation mechanism were built up.Suggestions on accelerating the legislation process;perfecting the management system;establishing proper system for both incentive constraint and reward-punishment;increasing the source of Ocean Ecological Compensation funds;accelerating On the study of the Ocean Ecological Compensation Mechanism in Liaoning Area from the Angl-e of Ecological Civilization Based on Case Analysis of Dalian.

Core Issues in Design of Tibetan Grassland Ecological Compensation Mechanism

Scientific grassland ecological compensation mechanism is favorable for improving the grassland ecological environment and promote the sustainable development of animal husbandry. Combined with actual situations of Tibet,this paper discussed core issues in the design of grassland ecological compensation mechanism,including compensation purpose,compensation subject,compensation object,compensation standard,and compensation method. It pointed out that the design of mechanism is a complex and systematic project. Each issue is complex and varied. The government at all levels should be cautious and make scientific treatment,and should not apply a single solution for all issues.

Mechanism of Ecological Compensating and Carbon Sink Trade in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

The Tibetan, Han and other ethnic people in Tibetan Autonomous Region labored hard to protect the forests and steppes and produce invisible ecological products. The forests and steppes in Qinghai -Tibet Plateau conserved water and added the Jinsha River. In order to achieve sustainable development, it needs to construct compensating mechanism inter Provinces between the upper Yangtze River and the middle and lower Yangtze River, to implement carbon sink trading, and to assist farmers and herdsmen in the Tibet to get rich as soon as possible.

Initial Exploration on the Ecological Compensation Mechanism of Baiyangdian Watershed

Establishment of the ecological compensation mechanism is one important way for solving a series of issues in Baiyangdian Watershed, including environment pollution, ecological deterioration, unsustained water supplement, rural pollution aggravation and ecological migration. Based on the principles of main functional area, public goods, welfare economics, financial transfer payment and watershed management, we put forward the construction framework of ecological compensation mechanism in Baiyangdian Watershed. Compensation subject is governments at all levels and beneficiary within watershed. Compensation object is governments at all levels, eco-builder and victim within watershed. Compensation way in- dudes government-led and market-oriented and game-negotiation types. Compensation standard includes financial transfer payment, compensation between upstream and downstream of the watershed, rural environmental protection with collections of management fees and subsidies to co-gov- ernance, ecological migration and inter-basin section. The safeguard measures of implementation for ecological compensation mechanism in Baiy- angdian Watershed are setting legal system and status of the ecological compensation, ensuring special usage of the ecological compensation fund, carrying out performance evaluation index system, building social management system of the ecological compensation and promoting the reform of watershed manaQement structure.

Exploration on Ecological Compensation Mechanism of Family Farm

Family farm is a new type of agricultural operation,and the research on ecological compensation for its production behavior is conducive to consolidating the basic position of agriculture and protecting agricultural resources and environment.By summarizing and drawing lessons from the domestic research results in related fields,the family farm is selected as the object,and the opportunity cost method is used to analyze the setting of the ecological compensation standard of the family farm.The basic framework of ecological compensation mechanism of family farm is constructed from three aspects:ecological compensation responsibility determination mechanism;compensation object establishment mechanism;compensation standard determination and mode selection mechanism.The operation mechanism of ecological compensation of family farm is analyzed from three aspects:farmer;farm production;resources and environment.The results show that the family farms'pursuit of agricultural products and ecological services is the response mechanism of ecological compensation for their production behavior.On the basis of this,this paper puts forward some measures and suggestions to ensure the ecological compensation mechanism of family farms from three aspects:perfecting the land use system;widening the compensation channels;constructing the green GDP accounting.

Compensation mechanism for ecological interests of Erhai Lake tourist destination in Dali, Yunnan province

Erhai Lake in Dali,Yunnan province,is the"Mother Lake"of the Bai people.It has superior location advantages,remarkable comprehensive functions and profound historical culture.It is the cradle of Dali’s politics,economy and culture,and also the foundation of the sustainable economic development of the Autonomous Prefecture.After the government put great efforts to govern Erhai Lake,the original interest demand structure of the surrounding residents was broke down,and the problems of interest friction and interest conflict became the practical problems faced by the region.This paper will analyze the compensation mechanism of Erhai Lake’s ecological interests from the aspects of ecological damage,stakeholders,interests,tourism transformation and so on,so as to provide a reference for the transformation and upgrading of national tourism destinations and tourism industry.

Improving the ecological compensation mechanism for drinking water source in Yunnan province

Ecological compensation mechanism for drinking water source is one of the effective economic ways to solve the issues of the shortage of the protection investment and the lack of the driving forces to protect the water quality.The successful cases of compensation mechanism for drinking water source have examined the dilemma of improving the trans-administrative boundary compensation mechanism both in China and Yunnan.The lack of the provincial rules and regulations in Yunnan is the fundamental reason for the local government not willingly to establish the compensation mechanism.On the other hand,the shortage of the compensation funds is the key difficulty for the shareholders to reach an agreement.Formulating the rules and regulations about the construction of the compensation mechanism of drinking water source in Yunnan would be a feasible way to stipulate the local government to set up the compensation mechanism.Meanwhile,designing a complete set of compensation mechanism would make full use of the mechanism to work well to protect the water quality in an economic way.

A discussion on compensation of forest ecological engineering benefit

On the basis of analysis of the present situation of the ecological benefit compensation in China and foreign countries, this paper discusses the necessity, principle and approach of establishing the compensation mechanism of forest ecological benefit, as well as compensation standard in order to provide scientific basis for further perfecting the compensation mechanism of forest ecological engineering benefit in China. It is suggested that setting up the compensation mechanism of forest ecological benefit can not only provide the steady funds source of managing and protecting forest resources, but resolve radically the dynamic and mechanism problems of commonweal forest ecological engineering construction, which will produce a widespread and profound influence on China forestry and ecological construction.

Compensation for forest ecological services in China

The paper discusses methods to compensate for the costs incurred in the supply of forest ecological services （FES）, i.e. government dominated and market-based instruments as well as progress made so far in China. Factors which constrain the supply of these services and potential policy improvements are presented.

Monitoring long-term ecological impacts from release of Fukushima radiation water into ocean

After 10 years of the Fukushima Nuclear Accident,Japan decided to release the nuclear wastewater into the Pacific Ocean on 13 April 2021.It is apparent that Japan has chosen the most cost-efficient way to deal with the contaminated water,however,great opposition and concerns have been raised internationally due to the ecotoxicological features of radioactive materials and their harmful impacts on the environment.Here we an-alyze the ecological impacts caused by the nuclear accident and the potential impacts of releasing the nuclear wastewater into the ocean.Science-based solutions are proposed through a third-party evaluation and strict envi-ronmental assessment,multi-stakeholder public participation,integrated monitoring of the neighboring coastal countries,long-term international collaborative research,and setting up international convention for ecological compensation.

生活者视角下村民参与生态治理多维机制构建——基于内蒙古B嘎查草原生态补偿实践

目前在北方草原牧区广泛推行实施的生态补偿政策仍延续以往政府主导、自上而下的管理模式。在此政策驱动下,当地居民的主体性、参与性和积极性缺乏有效发挥渠道,客观上影响了基层农牧区经济—社会—环境协调发展。本研究首先立足位于科尔沁沙地西北边缘的西辽河流域环境实践,运用生活环境主义理论,较为全面地剖析生态补偿政策所面临的难题及其社会根源;其次较为深刻地探讨在实现生态修复与乡村振兴双重目标下,通过激活重塑,创建现代共治共享多民族本土知识体系的重要性;最后力求深入探索政府主导、社区主位、村民主体的参与式多维机制构建的内在逻辑及技术路径。

耕地保护补偿研究进展与展望

文献计量分析是了解研究前沿动态的基础手段和重要方法,采用文献计量法和文献归纳法对耕地保护补偿的现有研究成果进行系统分析,以便更好地探究当前耕地保护补偿研究的热点、观点及进展,明确未来研究的重点领域和方向.研究发现:(1)近年来,耕地保护补偿受到学界的持续关注,2000年以来的研究历程可分为探索阶段(2000-2010年)、发展阶段(2011-2017年)和深化阶段(2018年以来),关注度持续上升,研究内容日渐深化与多元化,研究方法呈现多学科交叉融合态势;(2)耕地保护补偿研究取得了阶段性成果,研究内容主要服务于粮食安全、生态安全和社会安全战略保障,具体集中在耕地保护补偿政策及内涵演变、理论阐释、驱动机制、体系构建等方面,为深化耕地保护制度改革提供了重要的理论支撑和科学依据;(3)当前关于耕地保护补偿的学理解析、理论基础等方面的内容研究较为薄弱,亟待拓展和挖掘.未来研究需重点关注耕地保护补偿内涵外延,加强基础理论研究,健全概念认知体系,探究完善多元视角下的耕地保护补偿标准测算体系,探索建立耕地保护补偿区域间横向利益补偿机制.

耕地生态补偿问题研究进展:运行机制与政策实践

耕地生态系统是全球最重要的生态系统之一。耕地生态补偿作为调节耕地保护相关者利益关系的公共制度安排,在保护耕地生态系统、促进耕地可持续利用、保障粮食安全方面具有重要作用。论文从耕地生态补偿的概念与内涵、补偿机制构建、补偿实践探索三个方面对相关文献进行梳理,认为现有研究存在耕地完全价值体现不充分、补偿标准与补偿年限判定不明确、补偿资金来源不丰富、补偿主体利益分配不清晰的突出问题,并在此基础上提出以法制化、多元化、市场化、信息化为核心的未来研究方向。

生态环境损害赔偿诉讼制度研究

我国生态环境损害赔偿是从长江、黄河跨行政区域流域治理开始的,经历了对跨行政区域生态补偿制度实践的反思与探索,建立了流域源头生态环境的纠纷解决机制。对于跨区域流域水污染纠纷解决的途径,法律主张采取协商与协调相结合的办法。《民法典》规定生态环境侵权适用惩罚性赔偿制度。要构建完善的生态环境损害赔偿诉讼制度体系,需要建立生态环境损害政府索赔诉讼制度,确立前置程序是检察机关履行环境公益诉讼的范式,规范生态环境损害赔偿制度的协同模式。要完善侵权惩罚赔偿司法适用制度体系,就需要构建生态环境损害适用惩罚性赔偿的民事公益诉讼制度,刑附民公益诉讼案件惩罚性赔偿的民事适用制度,生态环境侵权案件惩罚性赔偿的司法适用制度。

生态环境损害修复与补偿机制研究

生态环境权是神圣不可侵犯的人格权。生态修复是对受损的生态系统进行全面整治,需要完善环境区域生态损害协同治理制度,划定生态保护红线实施源头治理制度。区域生态环境协同治理的实质,是对人心的约束和对法律的调整。要构建完善的生态环境损害修复机制,就要构建生态环境部门履职责任清单机制,为生态环境修复目标的实现提供法律依据,始终坚持以生态修复为重心的修复责任理念,构建生态环境修复的法律责任体系。需要完善生态环境损害的补偿机制,生态保护补偿是调节环境损害、保护生态环境主体之间利益关系的制度安排。生态修复责任是救济生态环境损害的主要方式,必须建立流域多元化横向生态补偿长效机制,扩大流域生态补偿规模需要遵循生态补偿制度和规则。实施生态损害修复工程需要遵循生态系统的内在规律,把握生态修复的系统性、完整性和原真性内涵,不断提升生态修复和环境治理能力的现代化水平。

信托机制在生态补偿中的应用

当前生态保护补偿资金主要来源于政府,且存在资金供给难以满足需求、资金管理效率偏低、经济发展与生态保护互动机制不畅、难以满足可持续发展的需要等问题。借鉴国外公共信托和国民信托运用于生态补偿领域的有益经验,结合我国现有的法律环境,可在生态补偿中引入信托机制,以生态资源公益信托作为核心载体,并充分利用信托的融资机制、资产管理的效率以及灵活的制度设计,弥补现有机制不足、共同实现生态价值与经济效益协同发展的目标。

我国草原生态保护补偿机制的实践与重点建设任务

草原是我国重要的自然生态系统,生态保护补偿是协调草原生态与生产关系,平衡保护群体和受益群体的重要机制和制度安排,对我国生态文明建设及草原生态保护与区域高质量发展具有重要的作用。本文系统总结近年来我国草原生态保护补偿的实践,全面分析现行补偿制度存在的短板,借鉴已有研究成果,完善了草原生态保护补偿制度框架体系,并提出建立健全相关法律法规和配套政策、强化生态监测及监管体系建设、优化草原生态保护补助奖励政策、完善草原保护和退化草原生态修复治理体系、促进产业发展并保障优质产品高附加值实现、探索多元化补偿等一系列重点建设任务,为推进我国草原生态保护补偿制度的健全和完善提供有益参考。