A CHINESE ECONOMIC CIRCLE IN REALITY——On Five Basic Features of the Economic Relations Between the China's Mainland and Hongkong/Macao

Generally speaking, "an economic circle" refers to a group of countriesand regions whose economic relations override the universally accepted in-ternational practice or norms and they have formulated new economic ruleswhich are applicable only to countries and regions inside the circle.

Beijing's Foreign Economic Relations and Trade

Beijing’s foreign economic relations and trade in 1993 surpassed that of 1992, and remarkable breakthroughs were made during the last year in the utilization of foreign capital, export volume and foreign exchange earnings, and the construction of development zones, according to Mr Zhang Xuequn, the Deputy Director of Foreign Economic Relations and Trade Commission of the Beijing Municipal Government. The robust development

At the Juncture of China's Entry to WTO, An Overall Development of Foreign Economic Relations andTrade Will Be Carried out in XPCC

The Xinjiang Production andConstruction Corps (XPCC) was foundedin October 1954. Since 1990, its plan hasbeen listed directly under the state councilof PRC.After 50 years of arduouspioneering and development, the XPCChas now developed to be a specialorganization with a solid economicstrength and enterprise group superiority,which is based on the large-scale andmodernized agriculture, and guided

A Strategic Vision Urged for Sino-US Economic Relations

As an important ingredient in bilateral ties, China-US economic and trade rela-tions have now evolved into a bond of strategic interests that glue the world’stwo great powers. Since a trans-Pacific strategic partnership is taking shape in the political arena,the author believes that, the call of the hour is to go a step further and put

Beijing's Steady Growth in Foreign Economic Relations and Trade

In 1995,Beijing’s foreign economic andtrade sector continued to deepen itsrestructuring,give play to its advantagesand overcome its difficulties,and maintainedsustained development in foreign trade,theutilization of foreign investment and foreigncooperation. The year 1995 saw an import andexport volume of US＄4.23 billion,5.4 percentup from the previous year,including animport volume of US＄1.74 billion,down 8percent,exports of US＄2.49 billion,17.3percent up from the previous year,whichsurpasses the required US＄2.3 billion ofexports by the municipal government.Specialforeign trade companies and industrial andtrade companies had exports of US＄1.441billion,4.8 percent up from the previousyear,accounting for 57.9 percent of the

Prospect for China–Korea Economic Relations

This paper briefly reviews the economic performance of China＇s economic reform starting in 1978, and which it presents personal views on the experiences of Korea ＇s economic development and lessons for China＇s economic reform. The paper reviews the China- Korea economic relationship, and explores both the opportunities of China＇s economic development for Korea and the prospeets for Bilateral Economic cooperation. It is estimated that the Chinese economy will maintain dynamic growthJbr the coming decade. The 2008 Olympic Games and the 2010 Worm Expo in China will provide further impetuses for Chinese economic development. China＇s huge market and its rapid economic growth can help the further recovery and development of the Korean economy. At the same time, the .further development of the Chinese economy can benefit from financial, technical and managerial supportfrom Korea. The eomplementarities between the industrial structures of China and Korea will surely push their future economic cooperation into a broader and deeper stage. Bilateral trade will enhance the competitiveness of both nations in the global market and help them achieve mutual prosperity and development.

Sino-Japanese Economic Relations:A Chinese Perspective

The bilateral trade between China and Japanreached $ 101.9 billion in 2002.up by 16.2％ overthe previous year.This vast volume and fast growthtook place amid China’s accession into the World TradeOrganization at the end of 2001 and increased tradedisputes between the two countries,not to mentionrecurrent foreign exchange rate fluctuations ininternational currency markets and somehow intensified

The Strategic Implications of China-Nigeria Economic Relations

The paper argues that the rise of China may well be the most significant trend today redefining the geopolitics of Asia and the world beyond. However, economic, political, and security cooperation between China and Nigeria has grown exponentially in the last decades, presenting new opportunities and challenges for Nigeria and Africa as whole. Essentially, this significant development about China has been linked to its ＂opening-up policy,＂ which has taken effect since the 1980s. The contemporary waves of diplomatic relations between China and Nigeria appear to be mutually beneficial to a reasonable extent. China views Nigeria as a gateway to the West African region, which has become a key focus of China＇s trade and economic strategy in Africa. More interestingly, the past four decades have been a critical period for Chinese people to seek harmonious, scientific, and sustainable development at home and strengthen cooperation and embrace globalization with the outside world. Nigeria, like many other African countries, has gratitude in counting China as one of its friends in the global village. The year 2013 marks the 42na anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between the People＇s Republic of China and the Federal Republic of Nigeria. These bilateral ties have witnessed sustained, rapid and unprecedented development. Based on the principles of equality and mutual benefit, respect and trust, especially under the framework of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation known as FOCAC, China and Nigeria have enjoyed fruitful cooperation in economy, trade, investment, human resources development, and cultural exchanges and coordination in international affairs. This study looks into this great relationship and tries to outline the path that leads into the future.

China-Singapore Intergovernmental Cooperation and Economic and Trade Relations

Since the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Singapore in 1990, both the economic and political ties between the two countries have experienced a substantial growth. China-Singapore Suzhou Industrial Park, China-Singapore （Chongqing） Demonstrative Initiative on Strategic Connectivity, and the compatibility between Singapore ~ development strategy and China＇ s Belt and Road initiative are testimony to the ever-growing bilateral economic and trade links. The deepening and expanding economic and trade relations between China and Singapore enhance political mutual trust, propelling China＇s economic and industrial upgrading. At the same time, they exert a positive influence on the development of China-ASEAN relations and an effective implementation of the Belt and Road initiative in Southeast Asia.

Retrospect and Prospect of Guangdong,Hong Kong,and Macao’s Economic Relations Since Reform and Opening-up

Nearly 40 years of reform and opening up witnesses the remarkable achievements of economic cooperation among Guangdong,Hong Kong,and Macao.The economic relations among Guangdong,Hong Kong,and Macao have evolved from a unitary pattern of "front shop and back factory" orienting at regional labor division at an earlier stage to a combination of multiple patterns including the "factory and shop combined" pattern.The regional scope has been expanded and the connotation of cooperation has been enriched.After entering into the 21st century,Hong Kong,who is experiencing its economic transformation,faces the challenges brought about by the thriving of service industry in Guangdong Province.The three areas have been fighting over the hinterland through infrastructures connection and optimization,in order to realize an expansion of economic development space that can break through the restriction of land resources.In addition,under the background of strategies of the "Belt & Road Initiative" and "internationalization of the RMB," financial cooperation becomes the development emphasis at the third stage of economic cooperation among the three regions.When their economic relations change,the spatial pattern among Guangdong,Hong Kong,and Macao gradually shifts from "concentrating on a small scale and dispersing on a large scale" toward "dispersing on a small scale and concentrating on a large scale." Based on an analysis on the development direction of the economic relations among Guangdong,Hong Kong,and Macao in the future,the paper points out that the regional cooperation will transit from disperse development to border breaking,the region will develop from a livable bay area to a world-level bay area,and the spatial pattern will develop from center-hinterland to hub-network,which ultimately realizes a spatial response to the transition of economic relations.

Deciphering China-U.S. Economic Relations

During the Annual Conference 2007 of the Boao Forum for Asia held on April 21-22, Beijing Review reporter Liu Yunyun had a chance to sit down with Dr. John Rutledge, former financial advisor to U.S. presidents onald Reagan and George H.W. Bush, to discuss his views on China-U.S. economic and trade relations.

Exploring Economic Relations between China and the GCC States

The relationship between China and GCC is considered an important component in the economic relationship between China and the Middle East.The rapid economic development in China makes the demand of energy increased while the GCC states need a stable energy market for their economic development,since energy is their pillar industry.Cooperation in the field of energy becomes the core of bilateral economic cooperation,which is reflected in trade,investment and construction projects.The development of an energy relationship fuels trade,investment and construction project contracting,enlarging the scale of economic cooperation.It is believed that by maintaining and developing the bilateral economic relationship with the GCC,encouraging the smooth petrodollar recycling,increasing oil imports from the GCC states while keeping the balance of payment and stable oil import,China is able to maintain a positive economic operation.Therefore,the economic relationship between China and the GCC states is promising.

Trumponomics and China-US Economic and Trade Relations

Since he took office, the new US president, Donald Trump, has unveiled his broad economic policy--now called Trumponomics. It emphasizes neoliberalism at home, less government regulations, more growth and weakening the welfare state. Intemationally, Trumponomics embraces protectionism and nativism with a focus on US economic interests. Trumponomics caters to the lower-middle classes, a reflection of the country＇s current economic and diplomatic challenges. Trumponomics will bring uncertainty to China-US economic and trade relations. China should carefully study the policies of the Trump administration and prepare contingency plans.

A Review of China-US Economic and Trade Relations (2007-2015)

In order to find indications for future bilateral relations, it is worth reviewing the development of China-US economic and trade relations in recent history. Generally speaking, the nine years between 2007 and 2015 saw non-stop progress in China and US trade and economic ties. The China-US interdependent and complementary economic and trade connections ensure that bilateral relations are constantly developing and merging following their interdependent paths;the global challenges, such as the financial crisis and recent extreme weather events, have allowed China and the US to be in the same boat,weathering these different forms of turbulence. Decisions on important domestic policies and disputes can now be discussed earlier and effectively following on from the construction of multi-dimensional crisis management mechanisms. But undeniably there are unsettled and conflicting points in their relations, such as the fact that the US strategically excludes China from its free trade agenda, not willing to accept many everyday items manufactured by China. This is a major obstacle preventing their relationships deepening. History tells us, in future, if both sides could have a bigger vision, relations would better develop, for the new type of major power relations and the subsequent road would be less rocky and bring more benefits for the peoples of both countries.