Analysis of Esophageal Cancer Death at Different Educational Levels in Inner Mongolia from 2009 to 2015

Objective: This study aimed to clarify the death characteristics of esophageal cancer in Inner Mongolia and the population distribution with various education levels. Methods: The mortality rate of esophageal cancer was calculated using the monitoring point of Death Registry System in Inner Mongolia from 2009 to 2015. The gender, age, region, ethnicity at two education levels of percentage were calculated and the χ2 test was executed. Result: The mortality rate of esophageal cancer was 10.10/105, China Adjustment Mortality was 10.97/105, World Adjustment Mortality was 9.08/105 in Inner Mongolia. The death of esophageal cancer showed statistical significance at two educational levels (P < 0.05). High school and below accounted for 93.9% at the education level, and above high school accounted for 3.5%. In addition, there were significant differences in the percentage of death by gender, age and region at two educational levels (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Education level has a certain relation with the death of esophageal cancer. To improve the health level, health education plans can be formulated according to esophageal cancer prevention relevant policy with different education levels.

Hippocampal resting-state functional connectivity with the mPFC and DLPFC moderates and mediates the association between education level and memory function in subjective cognitive decline

Objective:This study aims to determine the relationship between education level,memory function,and hippocampus functional and structural alterations in subjective cognitive decline(SCD).Methods:Seventy-five participants with SCD were divided into high education(HE)and low education(LE)level groups.A Wechsler Memory Scale-Chinese Revision test and functional and structural MRI were performed within 1 week after participant recruitment.The bilateral hippocampus resting-state functional connectivity(rsF C),gray matter volume(GMV)of brain regions identified by rsF C analysis,and moderating and mediating effects were assessed.Results:Compared with the LE group,HE individuals showed 1)higher memory quotient(MQ)and Digit Span subscore,2)decreased hippocampal rs FC with the right medial prefrontal cortex(mPFC)and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex(DLPFC),and 3)increased GMV in the right mP FC and DLPFC.The bilateral hippocampus-right DLPFCrs FC significantly associated with the MQ and the bilateral hippocampus-right m PFCrs FC with the Digit Span subscore in each group.The bilateral hippocampus-right DLPFCrsFC moderated the relationship between the education level and MQ.The bilateral hippocampus-right mP FC rsF C mediated the relationship between the education level and Digit Span subscore in all subjects.Conclusion:The hippocampal rsF C with the right mP FC and DLPFC contributes to the education level effect on memory function in SCD.

Impact of Levels of Education on Perceived Academic Stress and Mental Wellbeing: An Investigation into Online Mode of Learning during Pandemic

A sudden outbreak of the current pandemic COVID-19 has switches the learning to online mode which leads to an increase in perceived academic stress and a serious threat to the mental well-being of the students across the globe.The aim of the current study was therefore,to examine the impact of online learning on perceived academic stress and mental well being of the students with moderating effects of levels of education,during the current pandemic.Measures of the constructs were obtained by the online Google form which consists of the Perceptions of Academic Stress Scale(PASS)by Dalia Bedewy and Adel Gabriel(2015)and War­wick-Edinburg Mental Well-being Scale(2008),from a sample of 150 undergraduate students aged 19-25 years studying in different colleges of Bengaluru,India.Mental well-being constituted the criterion variable whilst academic stress and levels of education were treated as predictor variables.Two-way ANOVA were employed.Results show that academic stress is a significant negative predictor of mental wellbeing(r=-.083;p<0.05),there is a significant difference in the perceived academic stress(df=2;F=2.72;p<0.05)which increase in hierarchy(Third year&first year MD=-3.7;Third year&second year MD=-3.2)and mental well being(df=2,F=5.314 p<0.05)which decreases in hierarchy(Third year&first year MD=-5.8;Third year&second year MD=-5.860)of the students at different educational levels and a combination perceived aca­demic stress and educational levels predicts variance in mental well being of the students(R2=0.052;p>0.05).It was concluded that combined aca­demic stress and educational levels have an impact on mental wellbeing of students in online mode of learning during the current pandemic,but this impact is low(only 5.2%).

Investigation of Relationship between Sociodemographic Factors and HIV Counseling and Testing (HCT) among Young People in Nigeria

The main purpose of this study was to examine the association between sociodemographic factors (gender, place of residence, level of education, geopolitical zone, and socioeconomic status) and HCT uptake among young people in Nigeria. The study is a quantitative research guided by one research question and one hypothesis. The target population comprised young people in Nigeria ages 15 to 24 years because the focus of this study was to identify the factors affecting HCT uptake among young people in this age cohort. The representative sample was obtained from the updated master sample frame of rural and urban zones developed by the National Population Commission in Nigeria. This master sample frame was a national survey that comprises all 36 states in Nigeria. Probability sampling technique was used to obtain a sample of 10,091 respondents (ages 15 to 24 years) for the study. The multistage cluster sampling was used to select suitable young people with known probability. Data were collected throughout Nigeria between September and December 2012 from 32,543 households (rural = 22,192;urban = 10,351) using structured and semi-structured questionnaires. The individual questionnaires asked about household characteristics, background characteristics of the respondents. Data were analyzed by inputting them into SPSS v21.0 for analysis and then coded them for each participant. The data were summed using descriptive statistics. Frequencies and percentages;measures of central tendencies were used to answer the research question while nonparametric test such as chi-square was used to analyze non-normally distributed data at 0.5 level of significance. Results of data analysis indicated that the sociodemographic variables of gender, place of residence, level of education, geopolitical zone, and SES were significantly associated with HCT uptake. Among others, it was recommended that examining the efficacy of HCT treatments in Nigeria, along with conducting a demographic analysis of the at-risk population, could be beneficial in informing the authorities who are responsible for allocating finite medical resources.

Heterogeneity Analysis on the Influence of the Supply of Teachers on the Academic Performance of 15-Year-Old Students:Based on PISA 2018 Samples from Four Provinces and Municipalities in China

The quantitative and qualitative supply of teachers has a significant influence on student academic performance.Based on the samples collected from four provinces and municipalities in China for the Program for International Student Assessment(PISA)2018,this study analyzes the effects of the supply of teachers on the academic performance of 15-year-old students through a hierarchical linear model(HLM)as well as a quantile regression model.The study has found that the shortage of teachers and the proportion of teachers with a master’s degree significantly affect student academic performance,and the supply of teachers with higher degrees has a decreasing marginal benefit on student academic performance;its best marginal benefit on student academic performance is achieved when the proportion of teachers with a master’s degree reaches about 75%.For students in different academic performance subgroups,the marginal benefit of an increase in the proportion of teachers with a master’s degree in schools is higher for“top students”than for“students with learning difficulties.”In terms of the difference between urban and rural areas,the shortage of teachers in rural schools is more prominent than that in urban schools,and teachers with higher degrees tend to cluster in core cities.The marginal benefit of an increase in the proportion of teachers with a master’s degree is higher for improving student academic performance in rural areas.Therefore,it is recommended to design a policy of differentiated compensatory earnings for rural teachers,and efforts should be enhanced to promote programs for supporting high-quality teachers.In addition,the allocation of teachers should follow the principle of“differentiated equity,”and more differentiated teaching strategies should be adopted for students with different academic abilities.