To solve the problem of target damage assessment when fragments attack target under uncertain projectile and target intersection in an air defense intercept,this paper proposes a method for calculating target damage p...To solve the problem of target damage assessment when fragments attack target under uncertain projectile and target intersection in an air defense intercept,this paper proposes a method for calculating target damage probability leveraging spatio-temporal finite multilayer fragments distribution and the target damage assessment algorithm based on cloud model theory.Drawing on the spatial dispersion characteristics of fragments of projectile proximity explosion,we divide into a finite number of fragments distribution planes based on the time series in space,set up a fragment layer dispersion model grounded in the time series and intersection criterion for determining the effective penetration of each layer of fragments into the target.Building on the precondition that the multilayer fragments of the time series effectively assail the target,we also establish the damage criterion of the perforation and penetration damage and deduce the damage probability calculation model.Taking the damage probability of the fragment layer in the spatio-temporal sequence to the target as the input state variable,we introduce cloud model theory to research the target damage assessment method.Combining the equivalent simulation experiment,the scientific and rational nature of the proposed method were validated through quantitative calculations and comparative analysis.展开更多
The 140 MeV/u ^40,48Ca＋^9Be and ^58,64Ni＋^9Be reactions are simulated by the statistical abrasion ablation model, and the simulation results are compared to the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory （NSCL）...The 140 MeV/u ^40,48Ca＋^9Be and ^58,64Ni＋^9Be reactions are simulated by the statistical abrasion ablation model, and the simulation results are compared to the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory （NSCL） experimental data. By comparing the fragment isotopic distributions of ^40,48Ca and ^58,64Ni, we study the isospin effect in the projectile fragmentation induced by the neutron-rich nuclei at intermediate energy experimentally and theoretically. It is found that the isospin effect in projectile fragmentation decreases and even disappears as the violence of the collision increases.展开更多
为探究生境面积大小对Janzen-Connell (JC)效应中密度和距离制约的影响以及驱动机制,为生境破碎化背景下植物多样性的维持机制提供科学依据,本研究在Web of Science数据库中收集并筛选出1970-2019年全球50个森林地点作为数据基础,采用...为探究生境面积大小对Janzen-Connell (JC)效应中密度和距离制约的影响以及驱动机制,为生境破碎化背景下植物多样性的维持机制提供科学依据,本研究在Web of Science数据库中收集并筛选出1970-2019年全球50个森林地点作为数据基础,采用荟萃分析法分析密度和距离制约实验中不同类型驱动者的效应值大小,并采用分段回归和非分段回归分别模拟分析密度和距离制约效应值与生境面积的关系。结果表明,在67项研究的161项实验中,病原菌和无脊椎动物的效应值大小在距离制约实验中显著小于0(存在JC效应),而在密度制约实验中不显著。相反地,脊椎动物的效应值大小仅在密度制约实验中显著小于0。虽然只有距离制约效应值随生境面积的减少呈先增大后减小的趋势,但密度制约趋势线的拟合转折点在距离制约之前,表明生境面积减少会先影响密度制约。本研究阐明了密度和距离制约的主要驱动者分别是密度型驱动者(脊椎动物)和距离型驱动者(病原菌和无脊椎动物),而密度制约比距离制约对生境面积的减少有更为敏感的表现,可能是这两种驱动者对生境面积的需求不同所导致的。因此,在不同生境面积的片段中关注不同类型的驱动者有利于生物多样性的维持。展开更多
The tuneable effects concept is aimed at achieving selectable blast and fragmentation output,to enable one charge to be used in different scenarios requiring different levels of blast and fragmentation lethality.It is...The tuneable effects concept is aimed at achieving selectable blast and fragmentation output,to enable one charge to be used in different scenarios requiring different levels of blast and fragmentation lethality.It is a concept Qineti Q has been developing for an energetic fill consisting of three principal components arranged in co-axial layers,two explosive layers separated by a mitigating but reactive layer.The concept was originally designed to operate in two modes,a low output mode which only detonates the central core of high explosive and a high output mode which detonated both the central core and outer layer of the explosive.Two charge case designs where manufactured and tested;one of these designs showed a reduction in blast and fragment velocities of^33%and^20%,respectively,in the low output mode.展开更多
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.62073256)the Shaanxi Provincial Science and Technology Department(Grant No.2023-YBGY-342).
文摘To solve the problem of target damage assessment when fragments attack target under uncertain projectile and target intersection in an air defense intercept,this paper proposes a method for calculating target damage probability leveraging spatio-temporal finite multilayer fragments distribution and the target damage assessment algorithm based on cloud model theory.Drawing on the spatial dispersion characteristics of fragments of projectile proximity explosion,we divide into a finite number of fragments distribution planes based on the time series in space,set up a fragment layer dispersion model grounded in the time series and intersection criterion for determining the effective penetration of each layer of fragments into the target.Building on the precondition that the multilayer fragments of the time series effectively assail the target,we also establish the damage criterion of the perforation and penetration damage and deduce the damage probability calculation model.Taking the damage probability of the fragment layer in the spatio-temporal sequence to the target as the input state variable,we introduce cloud model theory to research the target damage assessment method.Combining the equivalent simulation experiment,the scientific and rational nature of the proposed method were validated through quantitative calculations and comparative analysis.
基金Project partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos 10775168 and 10775039)Shanghai Development Foundation for Science and Technology (Grant No 06QA14062)the State Key Program of Basic Research of China (Grant No 2007CB815004)
文摘The 140 MeV/u ^40,48Ca＋^9Be and ^58,64Ni＋^9Be reactions are simulated by the statistical abrasion ablation model, and the simulation results are compared to the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory （NSCL） experimental data. By comparing the fragment isotopic distributions of ^40,48Ca and ^58,64Ni, we study the isospin effect in the projectile fragmentation induced by the neutron-rich nuclei at intermediate energy experimentally and theoretically. It is found that the isospin effect in projectile fragmentation decreases and even disappears as the violence of the collision increases.
文摘为探究生境面积大小对Janzen-Connell (JC)效应中密度和距离制约的影响以及驱动机制,为生境破碎化背景下植物多样性的维持机制提供科学依据,本研究在Web of Science数据库中收集并筛选出1970-2019年全球50个森林地点作为数据基础,采用荟萃分析法分析密度和距离制约实验中不同类型驱动者的效应值大小,并采用分段回归和非分段回归分别模拟分析密度和距离制约效应值与生境面积的关系。结果表明,在67项研究的161项实验中,病原菌和无脊椎动物的效应值大小在距离制约实验中显著小于0(存在JC效应),而在密度制约实验中不显著。相反地,脊椎动物的效应值大小仅在密度制约实验中显著小于0。虽然只有距离制约效应值随生境面积的减少呈先增大后减小的趋势,但密度制约趋势线的拟合转折点在距离制约之前,表明生境面积减少会先影响密度制约。本研究阐明了密度和距离制约的主要驱动者分别是密度型驱动者(脊椎动物)和距离型驱动者(病原菌和无脊椎动物),而密度制约比距离制约对生境面积的减少有更为敏感的表现,可能是这两种驱动者对生境面积的需求不同所导致的。因此,在不同生境面积的片段中关注不同类型的驱动者有利于生物多样性的维持。
基金financial support of the Anglo-French Materials and Components for Missiles, Innovation and Technology Partnership (MCM ITP) program jointly funded by UK MoD (Dstl) and DGA
文摘The tuneable effects concept is aimed at achieving selectable blast and fragmentation output,to enable one charge to be used in different scenarios requiring different levels of blast and fragmentation lethality.It is a concept Qineti Q has been developing for an energetic fill consisting of three principal components arranged in co-axial layers,two explosive layers separated by a mitigating but reactive layer.The concept was originally designed to operate in two modes,a low output mode which only detonates the central core of high explosive and a high output mode which detonated both the central core and outer layer of the explosive.Two charge case designs where manufactured and tested;one of these designs showed a reduction in blast and fragment velocities of^33%and^20%,respectively,in the low output mode.
