An Exploration of a Systematic and Effective Mechanism of Delivering Feedback on EFL Student Writing

In China, it is widely believed that teacher feedback plays a crucial role in EFL writing course, exerting a great impact on the improvement of Chinese EFL students＇ writing abilities so that teachers have been required to deliver feedback on students＇ writings. Teachers, consequently, spare no pains to give feedback, expecting their students would make progress in their writing, but it seems that things go contrary to their wishes. Although there are various complicated factors contributing to the situation, one of the important factors lies in the teachers, a number of whom do not grasp a systematic and effective mechanism of delivering feedback on EFL student writing. Much importance has been attached to Chinese EFL student writing, however, rare attention has been paid to conducting research on concrete ways of delivering feedback on Chinese EFL student writing in China. Therefore, this paper serves to fill the gap, mainly devoting itself to exploring concrete methods of delivering teacher feedback on EFL student writing.

Exploring the mechanism of active ingredients of Smilacis Glabrae Rhizoma in treating migraine headache through network pharmacology and animal experiments

Background:To explore the potential mechanism of action of the active ingredients of Smilacis Glabrae Rhizoma(SGR)in the treatment of migraine using network pharmacology and in vivo experiments.Methods:Through the search of Traditional Chinese Medicines Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform,Genecards,Drugbank and other databases,we obtained active ingredients,targets of SGR and related disease targets of migraine,and took the intersection for protein-protein interactions analysis.After constructing the network diagram,network topology analysis was performed to derive the core targets and key active ingredients,and Gene Ontology enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses were performed.Finally,molecular docking was performed and validated by in vivo experiments.In vivo experiments,18 male BALB/c mice were selected,and the SGR group was fed with SGR drinking tablet concentrate,and nitroglycerin injection was used to construct a mouse model of migraine.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test was used to detect the levels of TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-6,and AKT1 in plasma.Results:The results showed that the core targets of SGR for the treatment of migraine were TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-6,and AKT1.These core targets and key active ingredients had better binding ability.Compared with the blank group,the number of head scratching in the model group increased.Compared with the model group,there was a significant reduction of the number of head scratching in the SGR group.In comparison with the blank group,the protein level in the plasma in the model group was markedly higher.Compared with the model group,the protein level in the SGR group was significantly lower.Conclusion:SGR has the characteristics of improving migraine based on multi-targets,multi-components and multi-pathways,and the mechanism of action may be related to the inhibition of the release of inflammatory factors,neuron protection,and interference with apoptosis and other processes.

Negatively regulating mechanism of Sirpal in hepatocellular carcinoma:an experimental study

BACKGROUND: Signal regulatory protein ( Sirp) is a recently isolated, cloned and identified inhibitor receptor distributed in the membrane of hematopoietic and nonhema-topoietic cells. Sirp alphal ( Sirpα1) is a member of Sirp families. Sirpal can bind SHP-2 in the form of tyrosine phosphorylation by SH2 effect and negatively regulate growth factor, oncogene, or insulin-induced responses as its substrate. This study aimed to preliminarily clarify the negatively regulating proliferation mechanism of Sirpal in liver cancer. METHODS: pLXSN, Sirpα1 and Sirpα1Δ4Y2 plasmids were respectively transfected into Sk-Hepl liver cancer cell line, and various stable Sk-Hepl cell lines were obtained with screening agent of G418 (1200 μg/ml). The expressing levels of cyclin D1, CDK4, Fas, β-catenin and gankyrin in various cell lines were determined with Western blotting. Cell cycles were determined at 0, 12 and 24 hours with flow cytotnetry after various synchronous cell lines were cultured without serum for 72. Cell apoptosis induced with agent of TNF-α (50 ng/ml) was determined with flow cytotnetry at 0,0.5,1,3,6 and 12 hours. RESULTS: Sirpα1 could significantly decrease the expression of cyclin D1, β-catenin and gankyrin, but it couldn't affect the expression level of CDK4 and Fas. When synchronous cells were cultured for 12 hours, S phase Sk-Hep1 cell transfected with Sirpal plasmid was the lowest [(31.92 ± 0.22)% vs. other cell lines, P <0.05], and the cell line was highly sensitive to TNF-α agent for 1 hour. (59.31 ±0.59)% of apoptotic cells occurred (vs. the other time points, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Sirpal might block the cell cycle of liver cancer, inhibit cell proliferation, promote cell apoptosis by decreasing the expression of cyclin D1, β-catenin and gankyrin. It is one of the important mechanisms inhibiting the occurrence and development of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Study on the Long-term Mechanism of Building Innovative Practice Bases for Full-time Civil Engineering Postgraduate Training

In order to implement the quality of full-time professional degree postgraduate education cultivation,the necessity of building an innovative base for cultivating professional degree postgraduates in civil engineering is discussed.Based on the problems ofthe integrated cultivation mode of industry-university-research,the effective mechanism for cultivating an innovative practice base for professional degree postgraduates in civil engineering is elaborated from the construction of the cultivation mode,system construction,daily management,and improvement of the rights and responsibilities of both parties,which provides guiding significance for better realizing the need to adapt to the development of high-level talents in society.

Effect Mechanisms of Hygrothermal Environments on Failure of Single-Lap and Double-Lap CFRP-Aluminum Bolted Joints

The high demands for load-carrying capability and structural efficiency of composite-metal bolted joints trigger in-depth investigations on failure mechanisms of the joints in hygrothermal environments.However,few studies have been presented to exhaustively reveal hygrothermal effects on the failure of CFRP-metal bolted joints,which differ from CFRP-CFRP or metal-metal bolted joints because of the remarkably different material properties of CFRPs and metals.In this paper,hygrothermal effects on tensile failures of single-lap and double-lap CFRP-aluminum bolted joints were experimentally and numerically investigated.A novel numerical model,in which a hygrothermal-included progressive damage model of composites was established and elastic-plastic models of metals were built,was proposed to predict the failures of the CFRP-metal bolted joints in hygrothermal environments and validated by corresponding experiments.Different failure mechanisms of single-lap and double-lap CFRP-aluminum bolted joints,under 23°C/Dry and 70°C/Wet conditions,were revealed,respectively.It follows that both the collapse failures of the single-lap and double-lap bolted joints were dominated by the bearing failure of the CFRP hole laminate in the two conditions,indicating that the hygrothermal environment did not change the macro failure modes of the joints.However,the hygrothermal environment considerably shortened the damage propagation processes and reduced the strength of the joints.Besides,the hygrothermal environment weakened the load-transfer capability of the single-lap joint more severely than the double-lap joint because it aggravated the secondary bending effects of the single-lap joint obviously.

Characteristics and triggering mechanism of Xinmo landslide on 24 June 2017 in Sichuan, China

At 5: 39 AM on 24 June 2017, a huge landslide-debris avalanche occurred on Fugui Mountain at Xinmo village, Diexi town, Maoxian county, Sichuan province, China. The debris blocked the Songpinggou River for about 2 km, resulting in a heavy loss of both human lives and properties(10 deaths, 3 injuries, 73 missing, and 103 houses completely destroyed). The objectives of this paper are to understand the overall process and triggering factors of this landslide and to explore the affecting factors for its long term evolution before failure. Post event surveys were carried out the day after the landslide occurrence. Information was gathered from literature and on-site investigation and measurement. Topography, landforms, lithology, geological setting, earthquake history, meteorological and hydrological data of the area were analysed. Aerial photographs and other remote sensing information were used for evaluation and discussion. Eye witnesses also provided a lot of helpful information for us to understand the process of initiation, development and deposition. The depositional characteristics of the moving material as well as the traces of the movement,the structural features of the main scarp and the seismic waves induced by the slide are presented and discussed in detail in this paper. The results show that the mechanism of the landslide is a sudden rupture of the main block caused by the instability of a secondary block at a higher position. After the initiation, the failed rock mass at higher position overloaded the main block at the lower elevation and collapsed in tandem. Fragmentation of the rock mass occurred later, thus forming a debris avalanche with high mobility. This landslide case indicates that such seismic events could influence geological hazards for over 80 years and this study provides reference to the long term susceptibility and risk assessment of secondary geological hazards from earthquake.

Protective Effects of Ginsenoside Rb1 on Septic Rats and Its Mechanism

This study aims to observe the protective effects of ginsenoside Rbl on liver and lung in rats with septic shock and reveal its mechanism. Rats were randomly divided into three groups： sham, cecal ligation and puncture （CLP）, and CLP with ginsenoside Rb1. Then, the survival rate, arterial blood pressure, TLR4 mRNA, and TNF-α levels were determined. The liver and lung tissues were stained with hematoxylin-eosin （HE）. The overall survival rate of the Rb1 group was significantly higher than that of the CLP group. Mean arterial blood pressure went down in both the CLP and Rb1 groups after CLP, and there was a significant difference both in the sham and Rb1 groups when compared with the CLP group. The Rb1 treatment group had markedly lower TLR4 mRNA expression and TNF-a levels than the CLP group. In the CLP group, pathology showed swelling, degeneration, necrosis, and neutrophii infiltration in the liver and alveolar epithelial cells. However, in the Rb1 group, there was mild degeneration and slight neutrophil infiltration, but no obvious necrosis. Rb1 may improve the survival rate, ameliorate arterial blood pressure, and protect the liver and lung in septic shock rats by downregulating the expression of TLR4 mRNA and inhibiting the production of TNF-α.

Mechanism on the Effect of Al upon the γ→ε Martensite Transformation in the Fe-Mn Alloys

The structure of the solid solution treated and deformed Fe-25Mn-(0-3.11)Al-0.15C alloys was examined by means of metallograph and X-ray diffraction, which has confirmed that Al restrains the γ→ε transformation in the Fe-Mn alloys. The mechanism on the restraining effect of Al has been discussed on the basis of the efFect of Al upon the stacking fault energy in the Fe-Mn alloys.Aluminium increases thermodynamically the stability of the Fe-Mn austenite and the driving force limit necessitated to be overcome for the γ→ε transformation, because the thermodynamicalcalculation indicates that Al increases the stacking fault energy in the Fe-Mn alloys at 300 K.Al will decrease the number and the size for the ε-martensite nucleus according to the stacking fault mechanism of the ε-martensite nucleation

Effect of the Gut Microbiota on Obesity and Its Underlying Mechanisms: an Update

Obesity has become one of the most prevalent health issues of our time. According to a 2012 WHO report, around 3.4 million adults die each year as a result of being overweight or obese. Humans are in fact superorganisms composed of both human and microbial cells with 2 sets of genes, those encoded in our own genome and those encoded in our microbiota. All these cells and genes have the potential to influence our health.

MULTIPLE SCATTERING THEORY OF EFFECTIVE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF INHOMOGENEOUS MEDIA

The rate of hydrothermal reaction of SiO_2 and/or A1_2O_3 in the system of CaO-Al_2O_3-SiO_2-H_2O at 200℃ and the factors which influence the reactions are investigated by determining the reaction ratio.The rate of reactions depends on the reactive activities of raw materials, initial composition of mixture and relative activity of SiO_2 and A12O3. The hydrothermal reaction can be accelerated by sodium hydroxide,in the case of silica,which has low activity, this is quite obvious.

MECHANISM FOR THE EFFECTS OF MONO-VALENT CATIONS ON ^(23)Na NMR

The effects of mono-valent cations, Li^+, K^+, Rb^+, Cs^+ and NH_4^+, on ^(23)Na NMR were investigated. It was found that the chemical shifts for Na^+ signal shifted downfield with the increase in the relative amounts of monovalent cations. It was suggested that mono-valent cations had competition coordination with Na^+ for Dy(PPP)_2^(7-).

STUDIES ON FLUORESCENCE ENHANCING EFFECT AND ALKALINE DEGRADATION MECHANISM OF DOXYCYCLINE AND METHACYCLINE

Degradation reaction of doxycycline or methacycline was carried out in KOH solution and intense fluorescence was obtained.A degradation mechanism of doxycycline or methacycline was suggested.

MECHANISM OF PROMOTING EFFECTS OF RIBOFLAVIN DEFICIENCY ON CARCINOGENESIS OF NITROSAMINES (EFFECTS ON RAT LIVER GLUTATHIONE CONTENT)

The effects of riboflavin deficiency and simultaneously nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) given by gastric intubation on the hepatic glutathione (GSH) content were examined in rats. On different days of the experiment, hepatic GSH content of the riboflavin deficient rats decreased to 55-61% of the control rats. When NDMA was given 6 mg kg by gastric intubation to riboflavin deficient rats, hepatic GSH content decreased markedly to 39-43% of the control rats. After supplying riboflavin, hepatie GSH content of the deficient rats recovered to the level of the control rats. These results suggest that alterations of rat hepatic GSH content during riboflavin deficiency may imply as one of the promoting effects of riboflavin deficiency on the carcinogenesis of nitrosamines.

Exploration on the Effect and Mechanism of Shenfu Injection (参附注射液) on Resuscitation from General Anesthesia

Objective: To investigate the effect and the mechanism of Shenfu injection (SFI, ) on the resuscitation from general anesthesia . Methods: Forty patients who received selective abdominal surgery with general anesthesia for 3-4 hrs and ASA grade Ⅰ-Ⅱ were divided into two groups, the trial group and the control group, 20 patients in each group. After being sent into the postanesthesia care unit (PACU), the trial group was treated with intravenous dripping of SFI 1.0 ml/kg and the control group was treated with intravenous dripping of equal volume of normal saline. All patients were observed in double blindly manner, the self ventilation recovery time, extubation time, the time of leaving PACU and their Glasgow coma scale (GCS) were recorded and compared. 2 ml of peripheral venous blood were taken to determine the plasma β-endorphin (β-EP) content at the time points of before (T1), 5min (T2), 15min (T3) and 30 min (T4) after dripping. Results: The self ventilation recovery time, extubation time and time of leaving PACU in the trial group were all shorter than those in the control group (P<0 01), the GCS in the trial group was better than that in the control group (P<0 01). The plasma content of β-EP raised gradually along the recovering of patients consciousness, as compared with the content before dripping (T1), it showed insignificant difference at time point T2 but significant difference at T3 and T4, comparison at the corres ponding time point showed that the content at T1 and T2 were similar in the two groups (P>0 05), but at T3 and T4, the content was higher in the trial group than that in the control group respectively (P<0 01). There was insignificant difference between T1 and before treatment ( P>0 05), but significant difference was found when compared T3, T4 and before treatment (P<0 01).Conclusion: SFI could accelerate the resuscitation after general anesthesia, the mechanism may be related with its action in raising plasma β-EP level.

The Effect and Mechanism of Nano-Cu Lubricating Additives on the Electroless Deposited Ni-W-P Coating

The coating and deposition process with excellent anti wear and suitable for industrial application were developed, and the optimum bath composition and process were obtained by studying the influence of the bath composition, temperature and pH value on the deposition rate and the plating solution stability. Moreover, the tribological properties of nano-Cu lubricating additives and electroless deposited Ni-W-P coating as well as their synergistic effect are researched using ring-block abrasion testing machine and energy dispersive spectrometer. Research results show that Ni-W-P alloy coating and nano-Cu lubricating additive have excellent synergistic effect, e g, the wear resistance of Ni-W-P alloy coating （with heat treatment and the oil with nano-Cu additives） has increased hundreds times than 45 steel as the metal substrate with the basic oil, and zero wear is achieved, which breaks through the bottleneck of previous separate research of the above-mentioned two aspects.

A Numerical Study of the Mechanism for the Effect of Northern Winter Arctic Ice Cover on the Global Short-Range Climate Evolution

By using a nine-layer global spectral model involving fuller parameterization of physical processes, with a rhomboidal truncation at wavenumber 15, experiments are performed in terms of two numerical schemes, one with long-term mean coverage of Arctic ice (Exp.1), the other without the ice (Exp.2). Results indicate that the Arctic region is a heat source in Exp.2 relative to the case in Exp.1. Under the influence of the polar heat source simulated, there still exist stationary wavetrains that produce WA-EUP and weak PNA patterns in Northern winter. That either the Arctic or the tropical heat source can cause identical climatic effects is due to the fact that the anomaly of the Arctic ice cover will directly induce a south-propagating wavetrain, and bring about the redistribution of the tropical heat source / sink. The redistribution is responsible for new wavetrains that will exert impact on the global climate. The simulation results bear out further that the polar region in Exp.2 as a heat source, can produce, by local forcing, a pair of positive and negative difference centers, which circle the Arctic moving eastwards. Observed in the Northern Hemisphere extratropics is a 40-50 day oscillation in relation to the moving pair, both having the same period.

Effect and mechanism of adrenomedullin on apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cell in rats induced by renal ischemia reperfusion injury

Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of adrenomedullin ( AM ) on apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cell in rats induced by renal ischemia reperfusion injury. Methods Thirty-two Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: control group,IRI group, empty plasmid group and AM group. One week after re-

An Experimental Analysis of Gas-Liquid Flow Breakdown in a T-Junction

When a gas-liquid two-phase flow(GLTPF)enters a parallel separator through a T-junction,it generally splits unevenly.This phenomenon can seriously affect the operation efficiency and safety of the equipment located downstream.In order to investigate these aspects and,more specifically,the so-called bias phenomenon(all gas and liquid flowing to one pipe,while the other pipe is a liquid column that fluctuates up and down),laboratory experiments were carried out by using a T-junction connected to two parallel vertical pipes.Moreover,a GLTPF prediction model based on the principle of minimum potential energy was introduced.The research results indicate that this model can accurately predict the GLTPF state in parallel risers.The boundary of the slug flow and the churn flow in the opposite pipe can be predicted.Overall,according to the results,the pressure drop curves of the two-phase flow in the parallel risers are basically the same when there is no bias phenomenon,but the pressure drop in the parallel riser displays a large deviation when there is a slug flow-churn flow.Only when the parallel riser is in a state of asymmetric flow and one of the risers produces churn flow,the two-phase flow is prone to produce the bias phenomenon.